{"id":37750,"date":"2019-10-31T22:19:31","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:19:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/distri-distributiv-dlya-obkatki-tehnologij-bystrogo-upravleniya-paketami\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:19:31","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:19:31","slug":"distri-distributiv-dlya-obkatki-tehnologij-bystrogo-upravleniya-paketami","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/news\/distri-distributiv-dlya-obkatki-tehnologij-bystrogo-upravleniya-paketami","title":{"rendered":"Distri \u2014 distributionssystem til eksperimentel pakkeh\u00e5ndtering","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Michael Stapelberg, skaberen af det mosaik-vinduesh\u00e5ndteringssystem i3wm og tidligere aktiv udvikler af Debian (har vedligeholdt omkring 170 pakker), <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/michael.stapelberg.ch\/posts\/2019-08-17-introducing-distri\/\">udvikler<\/a><\/noindex>  et eksperimentelt distributionssystem <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/distr1.org\/\">distri<\/a><\/noindex> og den navngivne pakkeh\u00e5ndterer. Projektet pr\u00e6senteres som en unders\u00f8gelse af mulige metoder til at \u00f8ge ydeevnen i pakkeh\u00e5ndteringssystemer og inkorporerer nogle nye id\u00e9er til opbygning af distributioner. Koden til pakkeh\u00e5ndtereren er skrevet i Go og <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/distr1\/distri\/\">distribueres<\/a><\/noindex> under BSD-licensen.<\/p>\n<p>En n\u00f8glefunktion ved den foresl\u00e5ede pakkeformat i distributionen er levering af pakken i form af SquashFS-billeder i stedet for komprimerede tar-arkiver. Anvendelsen af SquashFS, i lighed med AppImage og Snap-formaterne, muligg\u00f8r \"montering\" af pakken uden behov for at udpakke, hvilket sparer diskplads, tillader atom\u00e6re \u00e6ndringer og g\u00f8r indholdet tilbageholdt i pakken \u00f8jeblikkeligt tilg\u00e6ngeligt. Derved indeholder distri-pakker, ligesom i det klassiske \"deb\"-format, kun separate komponenter, der er knyttet til afh\u00e6ngigheder fra andre pakker (biblioteker duplikeres ikke i pakkerne, men installeres som afh\u00e6ngigheder). Med andre ord fors\u00f8ger distri at kombinere den granul\u00e6re pakke-struktur fra klassiske distributioner som Debian med metoder til distribution af applikationer i form af monterbare containere.<\/p>\n<p>Hver pakke i distri monteres i sin egen mappe i skrivebeskyttet tilstand (fx er pakken med zsh tilg\u00e6ngelig som \"\/ro\/zsh-amd64-5.6.2-3\"), hvilket har en positiv effekt p\u00e5 sikkerheden og beskytter mod utilsigtede eller ondsindede \u00e6ndringer. En s\u00e6rlig FUSE-modul bruges til at danne hierarkiet af hj\u00e6lpe-mapper, s\u00e5som \/usr\/bin, \/usr\/share og \/usr\/lib, som kombinerer indholdet af alle installerede SquashFS-billeder til en helhed (fx giver mappen \/ro\/share adgang til underkategorierne share fra alle pakker). <\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/repo.distr1.org\/distri\/jackherer\/docs\/package-format.html\">Pakker<\/a><\/noindex> i distri er i princippet <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/michael.stapelberg.ch\/posts\/2019-07-20-hooks-and-triggers\/\">afskaffet<\/a><\/noindex> fra de h\u00e5ndterere, der kaldes under installationen (ingen hooks eller triggers), og forskellige versioner af pakken kan sameksistere med hinanden, hvilket muligg\u00f8r parallel installation af pakker. Den foresl\u00e5ede struktur begr\u00e6nser pakkeh\u00e5ndtererens ydeevne kun til b\u00e5ndbredden af det netv\u00e6rk, som pakkerne downloades gennem. Selve installationen eller opdateringen af en pakke udf\u00f8res atomisk og kr\u00e6ver ikke duplicering af indholdet. <\/p>\n<p>Konflikter ved installation af pakker udelukkes, da hver pakke er bundet til sit eget bibliotek, og systemet tillader, at forskellige versioner af den samme pakke eksisterer (indholdet fra biblioteket med den nyeste revision inkluderet i de sammenfattede biblioteker). Pakkesamling udf\u00f8res ogs\u00e5 meget hurtigt og kr\u00e6ver ikke installation af pakker i et separat samlingsmilj\u00f8 (i samlingsmilj\u00f8et oprettes repr\u00e6sentationer af n\u00f8dvendige afh\u00e6ngigheder fra biblioteket \/ro).<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/repo.distr1.org\/distri\/jackherer\/docs\/rosetta-stone.html\">Underst\u00f8ttes<\/a><\/noindex> Standard kommandoer til pakkeh\u00e5ndtering, s\u00e5som \"distri install\" og \"distri update\", og i stedet for informationskommandoer kan standardv\u00e6rkt\u00f8jet \"ls\" anvendes (for eksempel er det tilstr\u00e6kkeligt at liste mapperne i hierarkiet \"\/ro\" for at se de installerede pakker, og for at finde ud af, hvilken pakke en fil tilh\u00f8rer, se hvor linket fra denne fil leder hen).<\/p>\n<p>Prototypen af distributionen, der er foresl\u00e5et til eksperimenter, inkluderer omkring <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/repo.distr1.org\/distri\/jackherer\/pkg\/\">1700 pakker<\/a><\/noindex> og f\u00e6rdige <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/repo.distr1.org\/distri\/jackherer\/img\/\">installationsbilleder<\/a><\/noindex> med en installer, der er velegnet b\u00e5de til installation som prim\u00e6rt OS og til k\u00f8rsel i QEMU, Docker, Google Cloud og VirtualBox. Der underst\u00f8ttes opstart fra en krypteret diskpartition og et s\u00e6t standardapplikationer til oprettelse af skrivebordet baseret p\u00e5 vinduesmanager i3 (Google Chrome anbefales som browser). <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/repo.distr1.org\/distri\/jackherer\/docs\/building.html\">Der tilbydes<\/a><\/noindex>  et omfattende v\u00e6rkt\u00f8j til at samle distributionen, forberede og danne pakker, distribuere pakker til spejle osv.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Kilde: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51407\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041c\u0430\u0439\u043a\u043b \u0428\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0433 (Michael Stapelberg), \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043c\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0430 i3wm \u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a Debian (\u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 170 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432), \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 distri \u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0438\u043c\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432. \u041a\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 Go \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37750","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041c\u0430\u0439\u043a\u043b \u0428\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0433 (Michael Stapelberg), \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043c\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0430 i3wm \u0438 \u0432 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