{"id":39116,"date":"2019-10-31T22:27:55","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:27:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/ispolzovanie-nvme-ssd-kak-sistemnogo-nakopitelya-na-kompyuterah-so-starym-bios-i-os-linux\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:27:55","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:27:55","slug":"ispolzovanie-nvme-ssd-kak-sistemnogo-nakopitelya-na-kompyuterah-so-starym-bios-i-os-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/administrirovanie\/ispolzovanie-nvme-ssd-kak-sistemnogo-nakopitelya-na-kompyuterah-so-starym-bios-i-os-linux","title":{"rendered":"Brug af NVME SSD som systemlagringsenhed p\u00e5 computere med gammel BIOS og Linux OS","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Brug
\n
\nMed den rette ops\u00e6tning kan man boote fra en NVME SSD, selv p\u00e5 \u00e6ldre systemer. Det antages, at operativsystemet (OS) kan arbejde med NVME SSD. Jeg ser specifikt p\u00e5 boot af OS, da NVME SSD er synligt i OS efter opstart, hvis de rette drivere findes i OS. Der kr\u00e6ves ikke yderligere software (SW) til Linux. Til BSD-familien og andre Unix-systemer vil denne metode sandsynligvis ogs\u00e5 fungere.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nFor at boote fra en hvilken som helst enhed skal der v\u00e6re drivere til den enhed i bootloaderen, BIOS eller EFI (UEFI). NVME SSD'er er forholdsvis nye enheder sammenlignet med BIOS, og bootfirmware til gamle bundkort har ikke disse drivere. I EFI kan der tilf\u00f8jes den n\u00f8dvendige kode for at muligg\u00f8re fuld funktionalitet med denne enhed \u2014 man kan installere operativsystemet og boote det. For gamle systemer med s\u00e5kaldt \"legacy BIOS\" vil det n\u00e6ppe v\u00e6re muligt at boote OS p\u00e5 denne m\u00e5de. Men dette kan omg\u00e5s.<\/p>\n

S\u00e5dan g\u00f8r man<\/h4>\n

\nJeg brugte openSUSE Leap 15.1. Procedurerne vil v\u00e6re nogenlunde de samme for andre Linux-distributioner. <\/p>\n

1. Forbered computeren til installation af operativsystemet.
\nDu har brug for en PC eller server med en ledig PCI-E 4x slot eller l\u00e6ngere, hvilken version det er spiller ingen rolle, PCI-E 1.0 er tilstr\u00e6kkeligt. Selvf\u00f8lgelig jo nyere versionen af PCI-E, desto h\u00f8jere bliver hastigheden. Og selve NVME SSD med M.2 \u2013 PCI-E 4x adapter.
\nDu har ogs\u00e5 brug for en hvilken som helst lagringsenhed med en kapacitet p\u00e5 300 MB eller mere, som kan ses fra BIOS og fra hvilken du kan boote OS. Dette kan v\u00e6re en HDD tilsluttet via IDE, SATA, SCSI eller SAS. Eller en USB-flashdisk eller et hukommelseskort. En diskette \u2013 vil ikke kunne v\u00e6re nok. CD-ROM fungerer ikke, det kr\u00e6ver omskrivning. DVD-RAM \u2013 ingen id\u00e9. Lad os kalde denne enhed \"legacy BIOS-lagringsenhed\".<\/p>\n

2. Boot Linux til installation (fra optisk disk eller bootbar flashdisk eller lignende).<\/p>\n

3. Ved opdeling af disken skal vi tildele OS til de eksisterende lagringsenheder:
\n3.1. Vi opretter en partition til GRUB-loaderen i starten af \"legacy BIOS-drevet\" p\u00e5 8 MB. Jeg vil bem\u00e6rke, at der her bruges en funktion fra openSUSE \u2014 GRUB p\u00e5 en separat partition. For openSUSE er filsystemet (FS) BTRFS som standard. Hvis GRUB placeres p\u00e5 en partition med FS BTRFS, vil systemet ikke starte. Derfor bruges en separat partition. Du kan placere GRUB et andet sted, s\u00e5 l\u00e6nge den kan starte.
\n3.2. Efter partitionen med GRUB opretter vi en partition med en del af systemmappen (\"roden\"), nemlig med \"\/boot\/\", p\u00e5 300 MB.
\n3.3. Det resterende indhold \u2014 resten af systemmappen, en swap-partition, og brugspartitionen \"\/home\/\" (hvis du har besluttet at oprette en) kan placeres p\u00e5 NVME SSD.<\/p>\n

Efter installationen indl\u00e6ser systemet GRUB, som indl\u00e6ser filer fra \"\/boot\/\", hvorefter NVME SSD bliver tilg\u00e6ngelig, og systemet starter fra NVME SSD.
\nI praksis har jeg opn\u00e5et en betydelig hastighedsfor\u00f8gelse.<\/p>\n

Krav til kapacitet af \"legacy BIOS-drevet\": 8 MB til GRUB-partitionen \u2014 det er standard, og cirka 200 MB til \"\/boot\/\". Jeg har valgt 300 MB som reserve. Ved kernelopdateringer (og ved installation af nye) vil Linux fylde \"\/boot\/\" med nye filer.<\/p>\n

Hastigheds- og omkostningsvurdering<\/h4>\n

\nPrisen for NVME SSD 128 GB er cirka fra 2000 kr.
\nPrisen for M.2-adapter \u2014 PCI-E 4x er cirka fra 500 kr.
\nDer er ogs\u00e5 adapters til salg M.2 \u2014 PCI-E 16x til fire NVME SSD-drev, til en pris p\u00e5 omkring 3000 kr. \u2014 hvis det er n\u00f8dvendigt. <\/p>\n

Maksimale hastigheder:
\nPCI-E 3.0 4x omkring 3900 MB\/s
\nPCI-E 2.0 4x 2000 MB\/s
\nPCI-E 1.0 4x 1000 MB\/s
\nDrev med PCI-E 3.0 4x n\u00e5r i praksis en hastighed p\u00e5 omkring 3500 MB\/s.
\nMan kan antage, at den opn\u00e5elige hastighed vil v\u00e6re:
\nPCI-E 3.0 4x omkring 3500 MB\/s
\nPCI-E 2.0 4x omkring 1800 MB\/s
\nPCI-E 1.0 4x omkring 900 MB\/s<\/p>\n

Dette er hurtigere end SATA 600 MB\/s. Den opn\u00e5elige hastighed for SATA 600 MB\/s er omkring 550 MB\/s.
\nDesuden kan hastigheden for SATA-kontrolleren p\u00e5 gamle bundkort v\u00e6re mindre end 600 MB\/s, muligvis 300 MB\/s eller 150 MB\/s. Her henviser den indbyggede kontroller = SATA-kontrolleren integreret i sydbroen af chipsettet.<\/p>\n

Jeg vil bem\u00e6rke, at NCQ vil fungere for NVME SSD, mens gamle integrerede kontroller muligvis ikke underst\u00f8tter dette.<\/p>\n

Jeg har foretaget beregninger for PCI-E 4x, men nogle drev har PCI-E 2x-bus. Det er tilstr\u00e6kkeligt til PCI-E 3.0, men for \u00e6ldre standarder som PCI-E \u2014 2.0 og 1.0 \u2014 er det bedre ikke at v\u00e6lge s\u00e5danne NVME SSD. Desuden vil et drev med en buffer i form af hukommelseschip v\u00e6re hurtigere end uden.<\/p>\n

For those who want to completely abandon the onboard SATA controller, I recommend using the Asmedia ASM 106x (1061 and others) controller, which provides two SATA 600 ports (internal or external). It works quite well (after firmware update), supports NCQ in AHCI mode. It connects via the PCI-E 2.0 1x bus.<\/p>\n

Its maximum speed:
\nPCI-E 2.0 1x 500 MB\/s
\nPCI-E 1.0 1x 250 MB\/s
\nThe achievable speed will be:
\nPCI-E 2.0 1x 460 MB\/s
\nPCI-E 1.0 1x 280 MB\/s<\/p>\n

This is enough for one SATA SSD or two HDDs.<\/p>\n

Noted drawbacks<\/h4>\n

\n1. SMART parameters are not read from NVME SSDs, only general data from the manufacturer, serial number, etc. This may be due to an overly old motherboard (mobo). For my inhumane experiments, I used the oldest mobo I could find, with an nForce4 chipset.<\/a><\/noindex> 2. TRIM should work, but it needs to be checked. <\/p>\n

There are also other options: to buy a SAS controller with a PCI-E 4x or 8x connector (are there 16x or 32x?). However, if they are cheap, they support SAS 600 but SATA 300, and the expensive ones will be pricier and slower than the method suggested above.<\/p>\n

Konklusion<\/h4>\n

\nFor use with M$ Windows, you can install additional software \u2014 a bootloader with built-in drivers for NVME SSD.<\/p>\n

See here: <\/p>\n

www.win-raid.com\/t871f50-Guide-How-to-get-full-NVMe-support-for-all-Systems-with-an-AMI-UEFI-BIOS.html
\nwww.win-raid.com\/t3286f50-Guide-NVMe-boot-for-systems-with-legacy-BIOS-and-older-UEFI-DUET-REFIND.html<\/a><\/noindex>
\nforum.overclockers.ua\/viewtopic.php?t=185732<\/a><\/noindex>
\npcportal.org\/forum\/51-9843-1<\/a><\/noindex>
\nmrlithium.blogspot.com\/2015\/12\/how-to-boot-nvme-ssd-from-legacy-bios.html<\/a><\/noindex>
\nI suggest the reader evaluate for themselves whether such use of NVME SSDs is necessary, or if it would be better to buy a new motherboard (+ processor + memory) with a PCI-E M.2 connector and support for booting from NVME SSD in EFI.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\ud83e\udd47Using NVME SSD as a system drive on computers with old BIOS and Linux OS | ProHoster
\n
Kilde: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f NVME SSD \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 (\u041e\u0421) \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441 NVME SSD. \u0420\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0443 \u041e\u0421, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u041e\u0421 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 NVME SSD \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u041e\u0421 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f. \u0414\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u041f\u041e) \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043a\u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u041e\u0421 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 BSD […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":29355,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39116","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Brug af NVME SSD som systemlagring p\u00e5 computere med gammel BIOS og OS Linux | ProHoster","description":".","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/administrirovanie\/ispolzovanie-nvme-ssd-kak-sistemnogo-nakopitelya-na-kompyuterah-so-starym-bios-i-os-linux","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"da_DK","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 NVME SSD \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043c BIOS \u0438 \u041e\u0421 Linux | ProHoster","og:description":".","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/administrirovanie\/ispolzovanie-nvme-ssd-kak-sistemnogo-nakopitelya-na-kompyuterah-so-starym-bios-i-os-linux","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2019-10-31T19:27:55+00:00","article:modified_time":"2019-10-31T19:27:55+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"39116","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":"2026-01-24 00:49:19","breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-03-01 00:55:36","updated":"2026-01-24 00:49:19","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39116","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39116"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39116\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29355"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39116"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39116"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=39116"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}