{"id":39604,"date":"2019-10-31T22:36:42","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:36:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/backport-uyazvimost-v-routeros-stavit-pod-ugrozu-sotni-tysyach-ustrojstv\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:36:42","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:36:42","slug":"backport-uyazvimost-v-routeros-stavit-pod-ugrozu-sotni-tysyach-ustrojstv","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/administrirovanie\/backport-uyazvimost-v-routeros-stavit-pod-ugrozu-sotni-tysyach-ustrojstv","title":{"rendered":"Backport-s\u00e5rbarhed i RouterOS s\u00e6tter hundredtusindvis af enheder i fare","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Backport-s\u00e5rbarhed
\n
\nMuligheden for at nedgradere enheder baseret p\u00e5 RouterOS (Mikrotik) fjerner sikkerheden for hundredtusindvis af netv\u00e6rksenheder. S\u00e5rbarheden er relateret til forurening af DNS-cache i Winbox-protokollen og muligg\u00f8r nedladning af for\u00e6ldet (med nulstilling af koden \"som standard\") eller modificeret firmware til enheden.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\"Backport-s\u00e5rbarhed
\n<\/p>\n

Detaljer om s\u00e5rbarheden<\/h3>\n

\nRouterOS-terminalen underst\u00f8tter en kommando til opl\u00f8sning af DNS.<\/p>\n

\"Backport-s\u00e5rbarhed
\n
\nDenne foresp\u00f8rgsel behandles af en bin\u00e6r fil ved navn resolver. Resolver er en af mange bin\u00e6re filer, der er tilsluttet Winbox-protokollen fra RouterOS. P\u00e5 et h\u00f8jt niveau kan \"beskeder\", der sendes til Winbox-porten, henvises til forskellige bin\u00e6re filer i RouterOS baseret p\u00e5 en array-baseret nummereringsschema.<\/p>\n

Som standard er DNS-serverfunktionen deaktiveret i RouterOS.<\/p>\n

\"Backport-s\u00e5rbarhed
\n
\nSelvom serverfunktionen er deaktiveret, underst\u00f8tter routeren sin egen DNS-cache.<\/p>\n

\"Backport-s\u00e5rbarhed
\n
\nN\u00e5r vi foretager en foresp\u00f8rgsel ved hj\u00e6lp af winbox_dns_request, for eksempel example.com, vil routeren cache resultatet.<\/p>\n

\"Backport-s\u00e5rbarhed
\n
\nDa vi kan angive en DNS-server, som foresp\u00f8rgslen skal g\u00e5 gennem, er det trivielt at indtaste falske adresser. For eksempel kan man konfigurere en DNS-serverimplementering fra Philipp Klaus<\/a><\/noindex>, s\u00e5 den altid svarer med en A-post, der indeholder IP-adressen 192.168.88.250.<\/p>\n

def dns_response(data):\n    request = DNSRecord.parse(data)\n    reply = DNSRecord(DNSHeader(\n        id=request.header.id, qr=1, aa=1, ra=1), q=request.q)\n    qname = request.q.qname\n    qn = str(qname)\n    reply.add_answer(RR(qn,ttl=30,rdata=A(\"192.168.88.250\")))\n    print(\"---- Reply:n\", reply)\n    return reply.pack()<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nNu, hvis man s\u00f8ger example.com via Winbox, kan man se, at routerens DNS-cache er forurenet.<\/p>\n
\"Backport-s\u00e5rbarhed
\n
\nSelvf\u00f8lgelig er forurening af example.com ikke s\u00e6rlig nyttigt, da routeren faktisk ikke vil bruge det. Ikke desto mindre skal routeren lave anmodninger til upgrade.mikrotik.com, cloud.mikrotik.com, cloud2.mikrotik.com og download.mikrotik.com. Og takket v\u00e6re en anden fejl er der mulighed for at forene dem alle p\u00e5 \u00e9n gang.<\/p>\n
def dns_response(data):\n    request = DNSRecord.parse(data)\n    reply = DNSRecord(DNSHeader(\n        id=request.header.id, qr=1, aa=1, ra=1), q=request.q)\n    qname = request.q.qname\n    qn = str(qname)\n    reply.add_answer(RR(qn,ttl=30,rdata=A(\"192.168.88.250\")))\n    reply.add_answer(RR(\"upgrade.mikrotik.com\",ttl=604800,\n        rdata=A(\"192.168.88.250\")))\n    reply.add_answer(RR(\"cloud.mikrotik.com\",ttl=604800,\n        rdata=A(\"192.168.88.250\")))\n    reply.add_answer(RR(\"cloud2.mikrotik.com\",ttl=604800,\n        rdata=A(\"192.168.88.250\")))\n    reply.add_answer(RR(\"download.mikrotik.com\",ttl=604800,\n        rdata=A(\"192.168.88.250\")))\n    print(\"---- Reply:n\", reply)\n    return reply.pack()<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nRouteren anmoder om \u00e9n tilladelse, og vi giver fem tilbage. Routeren cachen alle disse svar forkert.<\/p>\n
\"Backport-s\u00e5rbarhed
\n
\nDet er tydeligt, at denne angreb ogs\u00e5 er nyttig, hvis routeren fungerer som DNS-server, da det g\u00f8r det muligt at angrebe routerens kunder.<\/p>\n
Denne angreb udnyttes ogs\u00e5 til at udnytte en mere alvorlig s\u00e5rbarhed: at gennemf\u00f8re et downgrade eller backport af RouterOS-versionen. Angriberen genskaber logikken fra opdateringsserveren, inklusive changelog, og f\u00e5r RouterOS til at opfatte en for\u00e6ldet (s\u00e5rbar) version som aktuel. Faren her ligger i, at ved \"opdatering\" af versionen nulstilles administratorpassordet til v\u00e6rdi \"standard\" - angriberen kan logge ind med et tomt password!<\/p>\n
\r\n        \"Afspil\r\n        
<\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center>
\nAngrebet fungerer fint, selvom forfatter<\/a><\/noindex> implementerer flere andre vektorer, herunder inds\u00e6ttelse af en backdoor i firmware<\/a><\/noindex>, men det er allerede en overdreven teknik, og anvendelsen heraf til ulovlige form\u00e5l er strafbart.<\/p>\n
Lag<\/h3>\n
\nEn simpel deaktivering af Winbox kan beskytte mod disse angreb. P\u00e5 trods af bekvemmeligheden ved administration via Winbox er det bedre at bruge SSH-protokollen.
\n
Kilde: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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