{"id":40138,"date":"2020-01-31T20:49:06","date_gmt":"2020-01-31T17:49:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/katastrofoustojchivoe-oblako-kak-eto-rabotaet"},"modified":"2020-01-31T20:49:06","modified_gmt":"2020-01-31T17:49:06","slug":"katastrofoustojchivoe-oblako-kak-eto-rabotaet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/katastrofoustojchivoe-oblako-kak-eto-rabotaet","title":{"rendered":"Katastrofe-resilient sky: hvordan det fungerer","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Hello, Habr! <\/p>\n<p>Efter nyt\u00e5rsferien har vi genstartet det katastroferesistente cloud-system baseret p\u00e5 to lokationer. I dag vil vi forklare, hvordan det fungerer, og vise, hvad der sker med kundernes virtuelle maskiner ved nedbrud af enkelte elementer i klyngen og fuldst\u00e6ndig nedbrud af en hel lokation (spoiler - de har det godt). <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastrofe-resilient sky: hvordan det fungerer\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/58b56261b55785a76bce3e754c86f6a9.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>SDS for det katastroferesistente cloud-system p\u00e5 OST-lokationen.<\/i><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3>Hvad er indeni<\/h3>\n<p>\nUnder motorhjelmen er der Cisco UCS-servere med VMware ESXi hypervisor, to INFINIDAT InfiniBox F2240 SDS, Cisco Nexus-netv\u00e6rksudstyr samt Brocade SAN-switsch. Klyngen er fordelt over to lokationer - OST og NORD, det vil sige, at hver datacenter har et identisk s\u00e6t udstyr. Det er netop dette, der g\u00f8r det katastrofe-resistent. <\/p>\n<p>Inden for en lokation er de vigtigste elementer ogs\u00e5 duplikerede (v\u00e6rter, SAN-swits, netv\u00e6rk).<br \/>\nDe to lokationer er forbundet med dedikerede fiberoptiske linjer, som ogs\u00e5 er reserverede.<\/p>\n<p>Et par ord om SDS. Den f\u00f8rste version af det katastroferesistente cloud-system byggede vi p\u00e5 NetApp. Her valgte vi INFINIDAT, og her er hvorfor:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Active-Active replikationsmulighed. Det g\u00f8r det muligt for en virtuel maskine at forblive funktionel, selv ved fuldst\u00e6ndigt nedbrud af en af SDS. Jeg vil fort\u00e6lle mere om replikation senere.<\/li>\n<li>Tre disksystemkontrollere for at \u00f8ge systemets fejltolerance. Normalt er der kun to.<\/li>\n<li>F\u00e6rdig l\u00f8sning. Vi modtog et allerede samlet rack, som kun skal tilsluttes netv\u00e6rket og konfigureres.<\/li>\n<li>Opm\u00e6rksom teknisk support. INFINIDAT's teknikere analyserer konstant logs og begivenheder fra SDS, opdaterer firmwareversioner og hj\u00e6lper med konfiguration.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nHer er lidt billeder fra unpacking:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastrofe-resilient sky: hvordan det fungerer\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/b953a56bba9f0308f5fe1b27b356683b.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastrofe-resilient sky: hvordan det fungerer\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/94b5ceb8565ebe1ef2aacff943e1a9d0.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Hvordan det fungerer<\/h3>\n<p>\nCloudet er allerede katastrofe-resistent internt. Det beskytter kunden mod enkeltst\u00e5ende hardware- og softwarefejl. Det katastrofe-resistente cloud kan derimod hj\u00e6lpe med at beskytte mod massen af fejl inden for \u00e9n lokation: for eksempel nedbrud af SDS (eller klyngen, hvilket sker ofte \ud83d\ude42), massefejl i lagringsnetv\u00e6rket, og meget mere. Og det vigtigste: et s\u00e5dant cloud redder, n\u00e5r en hel lokation bliver utilg\u00e6ngelig p\u00e5 grund af brand, blackout, hackerangreb, eller endda invasion af rumv\u00e6sener. <\/p>\n<p>I alle disse tilf\u00e6lde forts\u00e6tter kundernes virtuelle maskiner med at k\u00f8re, og her er hvorfor. <\/p>\n<p>Clusterarkitekturen er s\u00e5dan, at enhver ESXi-v\u00e6rt med klientvirtualmaskiner kan tilg\u00e5 en hvilken som helst af de to SAN-lager. Hvis SAN-lageret p\u00e5 OST-lokaliteten svigter, forts\u00e6tter de virtuelle maskiner med at fungere: v\u00e6rterne, som de k\u00f8rer p\u00e5, vil anmode om data fra SAN-lageret p\u00e5 NORD. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastrofe-resilient sky: hvordan det fungerer\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/996193debdab5b3564c97b05b1e5ba27.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Her er, hvordan forbindelsesskemaet i klyngen ser ud. <\/i><\/p>\n<p>Dette er muligt, fordi der er opsat Inter-Switch Link mellem SAN-fabrikkerne p\u00e5 de to lokaliteter: SAN-switch Fabric A OST er forbundet til SAN-switch Fabric A NORD, p\u00e5 samme m\u00e5de som for SAN-switchene Fabric B. <\/p>\n<p>Og for at alle disse komplekse SAN-fabrikker giver mening, er der opsat aktiv-aktiv replikation mellem de to SAN-lager: oplysninger skrives praktisk talt samtidigt til det lokale og det fjerne SAN-lager, RPO=0. Det betyder, at der p\u00e5 det ene SAN-lager opbevares originaldata, og p\u00e5 det andet \u2013 deres kopi. Data replikeres p\u00e5 niveauet for SAN-lag, og oven p\u00e5 dem opbevares VM-data (dens diske, konfigurationsfil, swap-fil osv.). <\/p>\n<p>ESXi-v\u00e6rten ser det prim\u00e6re volumen og dets kopi som en enkelt lagringsenhed (Storage Device). Fra ESXi-v\u00e6rten til hver lagringsenhed er der 24 forbindelser:<\/p>\n<p>12 forbindelser forbinder den til det lokale SAN-lager (optimale forbindelser), mens de resterende 12 forbinder den til det fjerne (ikke-optimale forbindelser). I normal drift tilg\u00e5r ESXi data p\u00e5 det lokale SAN-lager ved hj\u00e6lp af de \"optimale\" forbindelser. N\u00e5r dette SAN-lager svigter, mister ESXi de optimale forbindelser og skifter til de \"ikke-optimale\". S\u00e5dan ser det ud p\u00e5 diagrammet.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastrofe-resilient sky: hvordan det fungerer\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/e2b61eb8b9db4b882a6d20c0abf9fc4e.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Diagram over katastrofesikre klynger.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Alle kundens netv\u00e6rk er tilsluttet begge lokaliteter gennem en f\u00e6lles netv\u00e6rksfabrik. P\u00e5 hver lokalitet er der en Provider Edge (PE), hvor kundernes netv\u00e6rk termineres. PE'er er samlet i en f\u00e6lles klynge. Hvis en PE svigter p\u00e5 en lokalitet, omdirigeres al trafik til den anden lokalitet. Takket v\u00e6re dette forbliver virtuelle maskiner fra den lokalitet, der er uden PE, tilg\u00e6ngelige via netv\u00e6rket for kunden. <\/p>\n<p>Lad os nu se, hvad der sker med kundens virtuelle maskiner ved forskellige svigt. Vi starter med de mest enkle scenarier og slutter med det mest alvorlige \u2013 svigt af hele lokaliteten. I eksemplerne vil den prim\u00e6re lokalitet v\u00e6re OST, og den sekund\u00e6re, med replikater af data, vil v\u00e6re NORD.<\/p>\n<h3>Hvad sker der med kundens virtuelle maskine, hvis... <\/h3>\n<p>\n<b>Replikationslinket svigter.<\/b> Replikationen mellem SAN-lagerne p\u00e5 de to lokaliteter stopper.<br \/>\nESXi vil kun fungere med lokale disk enheder (via optimale ruter). <br \/>\nVirtuelle maskiner forts\u00e6tter med at k\u00f8re.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastrofe-resilient sky: hvordan det fungerer\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/c15c34e54cb456011f3155b30cbe1063.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>ISL (Inter-Switch Link) bliver afbrudt.<\/b> Det er en usandsynlig situation. Medmindre en gal gravemaskine graver over flere optiske ruter, der l\u00f8ber uafh\u00e6ngigt og er tilsluttet via forskellige indgange. Men alligevel. I s\u00e5 fald vil ESXi-v\u00e6rter miste halvdelen af ruterne og kun kunne tilg\u00e5 deres lokale storage. Replikaer bliver samlet, men v\u00e6rterne vil ikke kunne tilg\u00e5 dem. <\/p>\n<p>De virtuelle maskiner fungerer normalt.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastrofe-resilient sky: hvordan det fungerer\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/c6c1b8b4972cd90cdb639fffe623bc1d.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>SAN-switchen svigter p\u00e5 en af lokationerne.<\/b> ESXi-v\u00e6rter mister en del af ruterne til storage. I dette tilf\u00e6lde vil v\u00e6rterne p\u00e5 den lokation, hvor switchen svigtede, kun kunne operere gennem \u00e9n af deres HBA. <\/p>\n<p>De virtuelle maskiner forts\u00e6tter med at k\u00f8re normalt.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastrofe-resilient sky: hvordan det fungerer\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/3325765d426751e8717af20f7f122b90.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Alle SAN-switcher svigter p\u00e5 en af lokationerne.<\/b> Lad os antage, at dette sker p\u00e5 OST-lokationen. I s\u00e5 fald vil ESXi-v\u00e6rterne p\u00e5 denne lokation miste alle ruter til deres disk enheder. Standardmekanismen VMware vSphere HA tr\u00e6der i kraft: den vil genstarte alle virtuelle maskiner p\u00e5 OST-lokationen i NORD max 140 sekunder. <\/p>\n<p>De virtuelle maskiner, der k\u00f8rer p\u00e5 v\u00e6rterne p\u00e5 NORD, fungerer normalt.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastrofe-resilient sky: hvordan det fungerer\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/c7a129691cd4d6c161e165fd55607206.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>ESXi-v\u00e6rten svigter p\u00e5 en lokation. <\/b>Her tr\u00e6der vSphere HA-mekanismen til igen: de virtuelle maskiner fra den fejlbeh\u00e6ftede v\u00e6rt bliver genstartet p\u00e5 andre v\u00e6rter \u2013 p\u00e5 samme eller en fjern lokation. Genstartstiden for den virtuelle maskine er op til 1 minut. <\/p>\n<p>Hvis alle ESXi-v\u00e6rter p\u00e5 OST-lokationen fejler, er der ikke andre muligheder: VM genstartes p\u00e5 en anden lokation. Genstartstiden er den samme. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastrofe-resilient sky: hvordan det fungerer\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/c00fb5078e0c4df1461187d8896670a4.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Storage svigter p\u00e5 en lokation.<\/b> Lad os antage, at storage svigter p\u00e5 OST-lokationen. S\u00e5 vil ESXi-v\u00e6rterne p\u00e5 OST-lokationen skifte til at arbejde med repliker af storage i NORD. N\u00e5r den fejlbeh\u00e6ftede storage er genoprettet, vil der finde en tvingende replikation sted, og ESXi-v\u00e6rterne i OST vil igen begynde at tilg\u00e5 den lokale storage. <\/p>\n<p>De virtuelle maskiner fungerer hele tiden normalt.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastrofe-resilient sky: hvordan det fungerer\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/87f7e1d012886d963f020768864154a7.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>En af lokationerne svigter.<\/b> I s\u00e5 fald vil alle virtuelle maskiner blive genstartet p\u00e5 en reserve-lokation via vSphere HA mekanismen. Genstartstiden for VM er 140 sekunder. I denne proces vil alle netv\u00e6rksindstillinger for den virtuelle maskine blive bevaret, og den vil forblive tilg\u00e6ngelig for kunden via netv\u00e6rket.<\/p>\n<p>For the restart of machines at the backup site to go smoothly, each site is filled only halfway. The second half serves as a reserve in case all virtual machines need to be moved from the second, affected site.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastrofe-resilient sky: hvordan det fungerer\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/62cad7aaf5043f6879dc4a6cbb7b35bb.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nThis is what a disaster-resistant cloud based on two data centers protects against. <\/p>\n<p>This is not a cheap pleasure, as, in addition to the main resources, a reserve is needed at the second site. Therefore, business-critical services are hosted in such a cloud, where a prolonged downtime incurs significant financial and reputational losses or where there are requirements for disaster resistance from regulators or internal company regulations.<\/p>\n<p><b>Kilder:<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.infinidat.com\/sites\/default\/files\/resource-pdfs\/DS-INFBOX-190331-US_0.pdf\">www.infinidat.com\/sites\/default\/files\/resource-pdfs\/DS-INFBOX-190331-US_0.pdf<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/support.infinidat.com\/hc\/en-us\/articles\/207057109-InfiniBox-best-practices-guides\">support.infinidat.com\/hc\/en-us\/articles\/207057109-InfiniBox-best-practices-guides<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Kilde: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/dataline\/blog\/486186\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440! 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