{"id":53000,"date":"2019-11-21T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-11-20T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/google-rabotaet-nad-ispolzovaniem-obychnogo-yadra-linux-v-android"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:00:50","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:00:50","slug":"google-rabotaet-nad-ispolzovaniem-obychnogo-yadra-linux-v-android","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/news\/google-rabotaet-nad-ispolzovaniem-obychnogo-yadra-linux-v-android","title":{"rendered":"Google arbejder p\u00e5 at bruge en almindelig Linux-kerne i Android","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>P\u00e5 den nyligt afholdte Linux Plumbers 2019-konference pr\u00e6senterede Google <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/arstechnica.com\/gadgets\/2019\/11\/google-outlines-plans-for-mainline-linux-kernel-support-in-android\/\">om<\/a><\/noindex>  udviklingen af <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=49648\">initiativer<\/a><\/noindex> til at overf\u00f8re \u00e6ndringer, der udvikles i <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/android.googlesource.com\/kernel\/common\/+refs\">kernen<\/a><\/noindex> til Android-platformen. Det endelige m\u00e5l er at muligg\u00f8re brugen af \u00e9n f\u00e6lles kerne i Android i stedet for at forberede separate builds for hver enhed baseret p\u00e5 den Android-specifikke gren <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/source.android.com\/devices\/architecture\/kernel\/android-common\">Android Common Kernel<\/a><\/noindex>. Dette m\u00e5l er allerede delvist opn\u00e5et, og der blev p\u00e5 konferencen pr\u00e6senteret en Android-smartphone, Xiaomi Poco F1, med firmware baseret p\u00e5 en almindelig, u\u00e6ndret Linux-kerne.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e5r projektet er klar, vil leverand\u00f8rer blive opfordret til at levere en basis kerne baseret p\u00e5 den originale Linux-kerne. Komponenter til hardwareunderst\u00f8ttelse vil kun blive leveret af leverand\u00f8rer som yderligere kerne-moduler uden at p\u00e5f\u00f8re kernen patches. Modulerne skal sikre kompatibilitet med den originale kerne p\u00e5 niveau med namespaces for kerne-symboler. Alle \u00e6ndringer, der ber\u00f8rer den originale kerne, vil blive fremmet upstream. For at bevare kompatibiliteten med propriet\u00e6re moduler inden for LTS-grene foresl\u00e5s det at bevare API og ABI for kernen i en stabil form, hvilket vil sikre modulernes kompatibilitet med opdateringer til hver f\u00e6lles kernegren.<\/p>\n<p><center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Google arbejder p\u00e5 at bruge en almindelig Linux-kerne i Android\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/18f8a41befddc7d81c07b9c6d1bf44c2.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center><\/p>\n<p>I l\u00f8bet af det sidste \u00e5r er der blevet overf\u00f8rt funktioner s\u00e5som PSI (Pressure Stall Information) subsystemet til den originale Linux-kerne for at analysere information om ventetid p\u00e5 forskellige ressourcer (CPU, hukommelse, input\/output), det pseudofilsystem BinderFS til Binder inter-process kommunikationsmekanismen, og den energieffektive opgaveplanl\u00e6gger EAS (Energy Aware Scheduling). Fremadskuende planl\u00e6gges Android at blive overf\u00f8rt fra den specifikke SchedTune-planl\u00e6gger til det nydesignede UtilClamp subsystem fra ARM, baseret p\u00e5 cgroups2 og de indbyggede mekanismer i kernen.<\/p>\n<p><center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Google arbejder p\u00e5 at bruge en almindelig Linux-kerne i Android\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/2db4ca76f6a87b2ad28a7510a4deb79c.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center><\/p>\n<p>Det skal bem\u00e6rkes, at kernen til Android-platformen stadig har gennemg\u00e5et flere faser af forberedelse:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Baseret p\u00e5 de grundl\u00e6ggende LTS-kernelversioner (3.18, 4.4, 4.9 og 4.14) blev der skabt en gren kaldet &#171;Android Common Kernel&#187;, hvor specifikke Android-patches blev overf\u00f8rt (tidligere n\u00e5ede omfanget af \u00e6ndringerne op p\u00e5 flere millioner linjer, men for nylig er \u00e6ndringerne blevet reduceret til et par tusinde linjer kode).\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00e5 baggrund af &#171;Android Common Kernel&#187; har chipproducenter som Qualcomm dannet &#171;SoC Kernel&#187;, der inkluderer till\u00e6g til underst\u00f8ttelse af hardware.\n<li class=\"l\"> Baseret p\u00e5 &#171;SoC Kernel&#187; har producenter af enheder udviklet &#171;Device Kernel&#187;, som omfatter \u00e6ndringer relateret til underst\u00f8ttelse af ekstra udstyr, sk\u00e6rme, kameraer, lydsystemer osv.\n<\/ul>\n<p><center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Google arbejder p\u00e5 at bruge en almindelig Linux-kerne i Android\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/3a7d495f71eaef927e79912ca62776d8.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center><\/p>\n<p>Essenielt set blev der dannet et eget kernel til hver enhed, som ikke kunne bruges p\u00e5 andre enheder. Dette g\u00f8r det betydeligt mere kompliceret at implementere opdateringer til at rette s\u00e5rbarheder og skifte til nye kernelversioner. For eksempel leveres den nyeste smartphone, Pixel 4, der blev lanceret i oktober, med Linux-kernen 4.14, der blev udgivet for to \u00e5r siden. Delvist har Google fors\u00f8gt at forenkle vedligeholdelsen ved at fremme systemet <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=48588\">Treble<\/a><\/noindex>, som g\u00f8r det muligt for producenter at skabe universelle hardware-underst\u00f8ttelseskomponenter, der ikke er bundet til specifikke versioner af Android og de anvendte Linux-kerneludgivelser. Treble giver mulighed for at bruge allerede eksisterende opdateringer fra Google som grundlag og integrere enhedsspecifikke komponenter i dem. <\/p>\n<p><center><br \/>\n<div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"f2C-gA8jEyY\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/f2C-gA8jEyY\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Afspil video\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Kilde: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51905\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 Linux Plumbers 2019 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Google \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0443 \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e Linux \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b Android. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 Android \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430, \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f Android \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 Android Common Kernel. \u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53000","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 Linux Plumbers 2019 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Google\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/news\/google-rabotaet-nad-ispolzovaniem-obychnogo-yadra-linux-v-android\" \/>\n\t\t<meta 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