{"id":55018,"date":"2020-01-10T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-09T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/linus-torvalds-poyasnil-v-chyom-problemy-realizatsii-zfs-dlya-yadra-linux"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:05","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:05","slug":"linus-torvalds-poyasnil-v-chyom-problemy-realizatsii-zfs-dlya-yadra-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/news\/linus-torvalds-poyasnil-v-chyom-problemy-realizatsii-zfs-dlya-yadra-linux","title":{"rendered":"Linus Torvalds forklarede problemerne med implementeringen af ZFS til Linux-kernen.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Under diskussionen af test<\/a><\/noindex> planl\u00e6ggere, en af deltagerne i diskussionen n\u00e6vnte, at p\u00e5 trods af udsagnene om n\u00f8dvendigheden af at bevare kompatibilitet under udviklingen af Linux-kernen, har nylige \u00e6ndringer i kernen forstyrret korrekt funktion af modulet «ZFS on Linux<\/a><\/noindex>« Linus Torvalds , hvorfor standardv\u00e6rdien er netop s\u00e5dan:<\/a><\/noindex>, at princippet «ikke bryde<\/a><\/noindex> ansvar<\/a><\/noindex>» vedr\u00f8rer bevarelsen af de eksterne gr\u00e6nseflader i kernen, der bruges af applikationer i brugerrummet, samt selve kernen. Men det omfatter ikke separat udviklede tredjepartslag over kernen, der ikke er accepteret i kernen, og hvis forfattere p\u00e5 eget ansvar selv skal overv\u00e5ge \u00e6ndringer i kernen.<\/p>\n

N\u00e5r det g\u00e6lder projektet «ZFS on Linux», anbefalede Linus ikke at bruge zfs-modulet p\u00e5 grund af uforenelighed mellem CDDL og GPLv2. Situationen er s\u00e5dan, at p\u00e5 grund af Oracle's licenspolitik er chancerne for, at ZFS engang kan komme ind i hovedkernen, meget sm\u00e5. De foresl\u00e5ede lag til at omg\u00e5 licensm\u00e6ssig uforenelighed, der overs\u00e6tter adgang til funktioner i kernen for ekstern kode, er en tvivlsom l\u00f8sning \u2014 advokaterne forts\u00e6tter at diskutere<\/a><\/noindex> om re-eksport af GPL-funktioner fra kernen gennem indpakninger f\u00f8rer til oprettelse af et afledt arbejde, som skal distribueres under GPL-licensen.<\/p>\n

Den eneste mulighed, hvor Linus ville acceptere ZFS-koden i den prim\u00e6re kerne, kaldes at f\u00e5 en officiel tilladelse fra Oracle, som er bekr\u00e6ftet af virksomhedens hovedadvokat, eller bedre endnu, af Larry Ellison selv. Melleml\u00f8sninger, s\u00e5som lag mellem kernen og ZFS-koden, er uacceptable i betragtning af Oracles aggressive politik vedr\u00f8rende intellektuel ejendom p\u00e5 programgr\u00e6nseflader (som eksempel, retten<\/a><\/noindex> mod Google vedr\u00f8rende Java API). Derudover mener Linus, at \u00f8nsket om at bruge ZFS kun er et modetr\u00e6k, snarere end tekniske fordele. De ydeevnetests, som Linus har gennemg\u00e5et, taler ikke til fordel for ZFS, og manglen p\u00e5 ordentlig support garanterer ikke stabilitet p\u00e5 lang sigt.<\/p>\n

Lad os minde om, at koden til ZFS distribueres under den \u00e5bne CDDL-licens, der ikke er kompatibel med GPLv2, hvilket forhindrer integrationen af ZFS on Linux i hovedgrenen af Linux-kernen, da blanding af kode under GPLv2 og CDDL er uacceptabelt. For at omg\u00e5 denne licensm\u00e6ssige uforenelighed besluttede projektet «ZFS on Linux» at distribuere produktet helt under CDDL-licensen som en separat indl\u00e6sningsmodul, der leveres separat fra kernen. <\/p>\n

Muligheden for at distribuere det f\u00e6rdige ZFS-modul som en del af distributioner v\u00e6kker debat blandt jurister. Jurister fra organisationen Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC) mener<\/a><\/noindex>, mener at leveringen af et bin\u00e6rt kerne-modul i distributionen danner et kombineret GPL-produkt med krav om, at det endelige arbejde skal distribueres under GPL. Jurister fra Canonical er ikke enige<\/a><\/noindex> h\u00e6vdar, at leveringen af ZFS-modulet er tilladt, hvis komponenten distribueres som et selvst\u00e6ndigt modul, adskilt fra pakken med kernen. Canonical p\u00e5peger, at distributioner l\u00e6nge har anvendt en s\u00e5dan tilgang til at levere propriet\u00e6re drivere, s\u00e5som NVIDIA-drivere. <\/p>\n

Den anden side argumenterer, at problemet med kompatibilitet med kernen i propriet\u00e6re drivere l\u00f8ses ved at levere et lille lag, der distribueres under GPL-licensen (et modul under GPL indl\u00e6ses i kernen, som derefter henter de propriet\u00e6re komponenter). For ZFS kan et s\u00e5dant lag kun forberedes, hvis der gives licensundtagelser fra Oracle. I Oracle Linux l\u00f8ses inkompatibiliteten med GPL ved, at Oracle giver licensundtagelsen, der fjerner kravet om licensiering af det kombinerede arbejde under CDDL, men denne undtagelse g\u00e6lder ikke for andre distributioner. <\/p>\n

En omg\u00e5else er at levere kun kildekoden til modulet i distributionen, hvilket ikke f\u00f8rer til sammenkobling og betragtes som levering af to separate produkter. I Debian anvendes DKMS-systemet (Dynamic Kernel Module Support) til dette, hvor modulet leveres i kildekode og kompileres p\u00e5 brugerens system umiddelbart efter installationen af pakken.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Kilde: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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