{"id":72267,"date":"2020-03-03T08:42:20","date_gmt":"2020-03-03T05:42:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kratkij-obzor-i-nastrojka-kata-containers"},"modified":"2020-03-03T16:13:53","modified_gmt":"2020-03-03T13:13:53","slug":"kratkij-obzor-i-nastrojka-kata-containers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kratkij-obzor-i-nastrojka-kata-containers","title":{"rendered":"Kort oversigt og ops\u00e6tning af Kata Containers","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kort oversigt og ops\u00e6tning af Kata Containers\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/b738fcd40af08167446004e481172a7e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nI denne artikel vil princippet for arbejde blive gennemg\u00e5et <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/katacontainers.io\/\">Kata Containers<\/a><\/noindex>, og der vil ogs\u00e5 v\u00e6re en praktisk del om, hvordan man forbinder dem til Docker.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Om generelle problemer med Docker og mulige l\u00f8sninger er allerede <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/434756\/\">blevet skrevet<\/a><\/noindex>, i dag vil jeg kort beskrive implementeringen fra Kata Containers. Kata Containers er et sikkert runtime-milj\u00f8 for containere baseret p\u00e5 letv\u00e6gtige virtuelle maskiner. Arbejdet med dem foreg\u00e5r ligesom med andre containere, men der er desuden en mere p\u00e5lidelig isolation ved brug af hardwarevirtualiseringsteknologi. Projektet startede i 2017, og det tilsvarende f\u00e6llesskab afsluttede fusionen af de bedste ideer fra Intel Clear Containers og Hyper.sh RunV, hvorefter arbejdet fortsatte med support for forskellige arkitekturer, herunder AMD64, ARM, IBM p- og z-series. Derudover underst\u00f8ttes arbejdet inden for hypervisorerne QEMU, Firecracker, og der er ogs\u00e5 integration med containerd. Koden er tilg\u00e6ngelig p\u00e5 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kata-containers\">GitHub<\/a><\/noindex> under MIT-licensen.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"osnovnye-vozmozhnosti\">Grundl\u00e6ggende funktioner<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Arbejdet med et enkelt kernel sikrer dermed isolation af netv\u00e6rk, hukommelse og input\/output-operationer, der er mulighed for tvangsm\u00e6ssig brug af hardware-isolation baseret p\u00e5 virtualiseringsextensioner.<\/li>\n<li>Underst\u00f8ttelse af industrielle standarder, herunder OCI (containerformat), Kubernetes CRI<\/li>\n<li>Stabil ydeevne af almindelige Linux-containere, forbedret isolation uden overhead, der p\u00e5virker ydeevnen af almindelige virtuelle maskiner.<\/li>\n<li>Fjernelse af behovet for at k\u00f8re containere inden for fuldf\u00f8rte virtuelle maskiner; standardiserede gr\u00e6nseflader forenkler integration og start.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"ustanovka\">Installation<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Der er <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kata-containers\/documentation\/tree\/master\/install\">mange<\/a><\/noindex> installationsmuligheder, jeg vil gennemg\u00e5 installation fra repositories baseret p\u00e5 operativsystemet Centos 7.<br \/>\n<strong>Det er vigtigt<\/strong>: arbejdet med Kata Containers underst\u00f8ttes kun p\u00e5 hardware, og virtuel videref\u00f8ring fungerer ikke altid, desuden <strong>er der behov for sse4.1<\/strong> fra CPU'en.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Installation af Kata Containers er forholdsvis enkel:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Installer v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jer til arbejde med repositories:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># yum -y install yum-utils<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Deaktiver Selinux (det ville v\u00e6re korrekt at konfigurere det, men for enkelhedens skyld deaktiverer jeg det):<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># setenforce 0\n# sed -i 's\/^SELINUX=enforcing$\/SELINUX=permissive\/' \/etc\/selinux\/config<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Forbind repository og udf\u00f8r installationen<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># source \/etc\/os-release\n# ARCH=$(arch)\n# BRANCH=&quot;${BRANCH:-stable-1.10}&quot;\n# yum-config-manager --add-repo &quot;http:\/\/download.opensuse.org\/repositories\/home:\/katacontainers:\/releases:\/${ARCH}:\/${BRANCH}\/CentOS_${VERSION_ID}\/home:katacontainers:releases:${ARCH}:${BRANCH}.repo&quot;\n# yum -y install kata-runtime kata-proxy kata-shim<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"nastroyka\">Indstillinger<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Jeg vil udf\u00f8re konfigurationen til arbejde med Docker; installationen er standard, og jeg vil ikke uddybe den yderligere:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># rpm -qa | grep docker\ndocker-ce-cli-19.03.6-3.el7.x86_64\ndocker-ce-19.03.6-3.el7.x86_64\n# docker -v\nDocker version 19.03.6, build 369ce74a3c<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Foretag \u00e6ndringer i daemon.json:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># cat &lt;&lt;EOF &gt; \/etc\/docker\/daemon.json\n{\n  &quot;default-runtime&quot;: &quot;kata-runtime&quot;,\n  &quot;runtimes&quot;: {\n    &quot;kata-runtime&quot;: {\n      &quot;path&quot;: &quot;\/usr\/bin\/kata-runtime&quot;\n    }\n  }\n}\nEOF<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Genstart Docker:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># service docker restart<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"proverka-rabotosposobnosti\">Tjek af tilstand<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Hvis man starter en container f\u00f8r genstart af Docker, kan man se, at uname vil give versionen af kernen, der k\u00f8rer p\u00e5 det prim\u00e6re system:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># docker run busybox uname -a\nLinux 19efd7188d06 3.10.0-1062.12.1.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Feb 4 23:02:59 UTC 2020 x86_64 GNU\/Linux<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Efter genstart ser kernelversionen s\u00e5ledes ud:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># docker run busybox uname -a\nLinux 9dd1f30fe9d4 4.19.86-5.container #1 SMP Sat Feb 22 01:53:14 UTC 2020 x86_64 GNU\/Linux<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Flere kommandoer!<\/b><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># time docker run busybox mount\nkataShared on \/ type 9p (rw,dirsync,nodev,relatime,mmap,access=client,trans=virtio)\nproc on \/proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)\ntmpfs on \/dev type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,size=65536k,mode=755)\ndevpts on \/dev\/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=666)\nsysfs on \/sys type sysfs (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)\ntmpfs on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup type tmpfs (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,mode=755)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/systemd type cgroup (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,xattr,name=systemd)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/cpu,cpuacct type cgroup (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpu,cpuacct)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/blkio type cgroup (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,blkio)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/memory type cgroup (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,memory)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/devices type cgroup (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,devices)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/perf_event type cgroup (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,perf_event)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/net_cls,net_prio type cgroup (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,net_cls,net_prio)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/freezer type cgroup (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,freezer)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/pids type cgroup (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,pids)\ncgroup on \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/cpuset type cgroup (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuset)\nmqueue on \/dev\/mqueue type mqueue (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)\nshm on \/dev\/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=65536k)\nkataShared on \/etc\/resolv.conf type 9p (rw,dirsync,nodev,relatime,mmap,access=client,trans=virtio)\nkataShared on \/etc\/hostname type 9p (rw,dirsync,nodev,relatime,mmap,access=client,trans=virtio)\nkataShared on \/etc\/hosts type 9p (rw,dirsync,nodev,relatime,mmap,access=client,trans=virtio)\nproc on \/proc\/bus type proc (ro,relatime)\nproc on \/proc\/fs type proc (ro,relatime)\nproc on \/proc\/irq type proc (ro,relatime)\nproc on \/proc\/sys type proc (ro,relatime)\ntmpfs on \/proc\/acpi type tmpfs (ro,relatime)\ntmpfs on \/proc\/timer_list type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,size=65536k,mode=755)\ntmpfs on \/sys\/firmware type tmpfs (ro,relatime)\n\nreal    0m2.381s\nuser    0m0.066s\nsys 0m0.039s<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># time docker run busybox free -m\n              total        used        free      shared  buff\/cache   available\nMem:           1993          30        1962           0           1        1946\nSwap:             0           0           0\n\nreal    0m3.297s\nuser    0m0.086s\nsys 0m0.050s<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"bystroe-nagruzochnoe-testirovanie\">Hurtig belastningstest<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>For at vurdere tab fra virtualisering \u2014 k\u00f8rer jeg sysbench, med de f\u00f8lgende eksempler <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/hub.docker.com\/r\/ljishen\/sysbench\">jeg tager denne variant<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"zapusk-sysbench-s-ispolzovaniem-dockercontainerd\">K\u00f8rsel af sysbench med Docker+containerd<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">CPU-test<\/b><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">sysbench 1.0: multi-tr\u00e5det systemevaluering benchmark\n\nK\u00f8rer testen med f\u00f8lgende muligheder:\nAntal tr\u00e5de: 1\nInitialiserer tilf\u00e6ldig talgenerator fra nuv\u00e6rende tid\n\nPrime tal gr\u00e6nse: 20000\n\nInitialiserer arbejdstr\u00e5de...\n\nTr\u00e5de startet!\n\nGenerelle statistikker:\n    samlet tid:                          36.7335s\n    samlet antal h\u00e6ndelser:              10000\n    samlet tid taget af h\u00e6ndelseseksekvering: 36.7173s\n    svartid:\n         min:                                  3.43ms\n         gennemsnit:                          3.67ms\n         max:                                  8.34ms\n         ca.  95. percentil:                 3.79ms\n\nTr\u00e5de retf\u00e6rdighed:\n    h\u00e6ndelser (gennemsnit\/stddev):       10000.0000\/0.00\n    eksekveringstid (gennemsnit\/stddev): 36.7173\/0.00<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Hukommelsestest<\/b><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">sysbench 1.0: multi-tr\u00e5det systemevaluering benchmark\n\nK\u00f8rer testen med f\u00f8lgende muligheder:\nAntal tr\u00e5de: 1\nInitialiserer tilf\u00e6ldig talgenerator fra nuv\u00e6rende tid\n\nInitialiserer arbejdstr\u00e5de...\n\nTr\u00e5de startet!\n\nUdf\u00f8rte operationer: 104857600 (2172673.64 ops\/sek)\n\n102400.00 MiB overf\u00f8rt (2121.75 MiB\/sek)\n\nGenerelle statistikker:\n    samlet tid:                          48.2620s\n    samlet antal h\u00e6ndelser:              104857600\n    samlet tid taget af h\u00e6ndelseseksekvering: 17.4161s\n    svartid:\n         min:                                  0.00ms\n         gennemsnit:                          0.00ms\n         max:                                  0.17ms\n         ca.  95. percentil:                 0.00ms\n\nTr\u00e5de retf\u00e6rdighed:\n    h\u00e6ndelser (gennemsnit\/stddev):       104857600.0000\/0.00\n    eksekveringstid (gennemsnit\/stddev): 17.4161\/0.00<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"zapusk-sysbench-s-ispolzovaniem-dockerkata-containers\">K\u00f8rsel af sysbench med Docker+Kata Containers<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">CPU-test<\/b><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">sysbench 1.0: multi-tr\u00e5det systemevaluering benchmark\n\nK\u00f8rer testen med f\u00f8lgende muligheder:\nAntal tr\u00e5de: 1\nInitialiserer tilf\u00e6ldig talgenerator fra nuv\u00e6rende tid\n\nPrime tal gr\u00e6nse: 20000\n\nInitialiserer arbejdstr\u00e5de...\n\nTr\u00e5de startet!\n\nGenerelle statistikker:\n    samlet tid:                          36.5747s\n    samlet antal h\u00e6ndelser:              10000\n    samlet tid taget af h\u00e6ndelseseksekvering: 36.5594s\n    svartid:\n         min:                                  3.43ms\n         gennemsnit:                          3.66ms\n         max:                                  4.93ms\n         ca.  95. percentil:                 3.77ms\n\nTr\u00e5de retf\u00e6rdighed:\n    h\u00e6ndelser (gennemsnit\/stddev):       10000.0000\/0.00\n    eksekveringstid (gennemsnit\/stddev): 36.5594\/0.00<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Hukommelsestest<\/b><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">sysbench 1.0: multi-tr\u00e5det systemevaluering benchmark\n\nK\u00f8rer testen med f\u00f8lgende muligheder:\nAntal tr\u00e5de: 1\nInitialiserer tilf\u00e6ldig talgenerator fra nuv\u00e6rende tid\n\nInitialiserer arbejdstr\u00e5de...\n\nTr\u00e5de startet!\n\nUdf\u00f8rte operationer: 104857600 (2450366.94 ops\/sek)\n\n102400.00 MiB overf\u00f8rt (2392.94 MiB\/sek)\n\nGenerelle statistikker:\n    samlet tid:                          42.7926s\n    samlet antal h\u00e6ndelser:              104857600\n    samlet tid taget af h\u00e6ndelseseksekvering: 16.1512s\n    svartid:\n         min:                                  0.00ms\n         gennemsnit:                          0.00ms\n         max:                                  0.43ms\n         ca.  95. percentil:                 0.00ms\n\nTr\u00e5de retf\u00e6rdighed:\n    h\u00e6ndelser (gennemsnit\/stddev):       104857600.0000\/0.00\n    eksekveringstid (gennemsnit\/stddev): 16.1512\/0.00<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>I princippet er situationen allerede klar, men det er mere optimalt at k\u00f8re testene flere gange, fjerne udsving og gennemsnitlige resultater, derfor laver jeg ikke flere tests for nu.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"vyvody\">Konklusioner<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>P\u00e5 trods af at det tager omtrent fem til ti gange l\u00e6ngere tid at starte s\u00e5danne containere (typisk starttid for lignende kommandoer ved brug af containerd er mindre end tredjedel sekund) \u2014 fungerer de stadig ganske hurtigt, n\u00e5r man ser p\u00e5 den absolutte starttid (ovenfor er der eksempler, og kommandoerne udf\u00f8res i gennemsnit p\u00e5 tre sekunder). Resultaterne af den hurtige CPU- og RAM-test viser praktisk talt de samme resultater, hvilket ikke kan andet end gl\u00e6de, is\u00e6r i betragtning af at isoleringen sikres ved hj\u00e6lp af en s\u00e5 veldokumenteret mekanisme som KVM.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"anons\">Annonce<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Artiklen er en oversigt, men giver mulighed for at udforske et alternativt runtime. Mange anvendelsesomr\u00e5der er ikke d\u00e6kket, for eksempel beskriver hjemmesiden mulighederne for at k\u00f8re Kubernetes oven p\u00e5 Kata Containers. Derudover kan man ogs\u00e5 udf\u00f8re en r\u00e6kke tests, der fokuserer p\u00e5 at finde sikkerhedsproblemer, s\u00e6tte begr\u00e6nsninger og andre interessante ting.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Jeg beder alle, der har l\u00e6st og spolede herhen, om at deltage i unders\u00f8gelsen, som vil p\u00e5virke fremtidige publikationer om emnet.<\/p>\n<p class=\"for_users_only_msg\">Kun registrerede brugere kan deltage i unders\u00f8gelsen. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/auth\/login\/\">Log ind<\/a><\/noindex>, please.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"default-block__polling-title\">Skal der fortsat publiceres artikler om Kata Containers?<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"poll-result\">\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\">\n<p>                <strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent  poll-result__data-percent_winner\">80,0%<\/strong>Ja, skriv mere!28<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\">\n<p>                <strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent\">20,0%<\/strong>Nej, det b\u00f8r ikke...7<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>    35 brugere har stemt. 7 brugere har undladt at stemme.<br \/>\n<br \/>Kilde: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/southbridge\/blog\/489940\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b Kata Containers, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043a Docker. \u041f\u0440\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441 Docker \u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043e, \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u044f \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043e\u0442 Kata Containers. Kata Containers \u2014 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (runtime) \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d. \u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":72268,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-72267","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- 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