{"id":73756,"date":"2020-03-11T20:42:30","date_gmt":"2020-03-11T17:42:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/lvi-novyj-klass-atak-na-mehanizm-spekulyativnogo-vypolneniya-v-cpu"},"modified":"2020-03-11T20:42:30","modified_gmt":"2020-03-11T17:42:30","slug":"lvi-novyj-klass-atak-na-mehanizm-spekulyativnogo-vypolneniya-v-cpu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/news\/lvi-novyj-klass-atak-na-mehanizm-spekulyativnogo-vypolneniya-v-cpu","title":{"rendered":"LVI \u2014 en ny klasse af angreb mod CPU'ens spekulative udf\u00f8relsesmekanisme","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.intel.com\/content\/www\/us\/en\/security-center\/advisory\/intel-sa-00334.html\">Offentliggjort<\/a><\/noindex> information om en ny klasse af angreb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lviattack.eu\/\">LVI<\/a><\/noindex> (Load Value Injection, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/software.intel.com\/security-software-guidance\/software-guidance\/load-value-injection\">CVE-2020-0551<\/a><\/noindex>) p\u00e5 den spekulative udf\u00f8relsesmekanisme i Intel-CPU'er, som kan bruges til at organisere l\u00e6kager af n\u00f8gler og f\u00f8lsomme data fra Intel SGX-enklaver og andre processer.<\/p>\n<p>Den nye klasse af angreb er baseret p\u00e5 manipulationer af de samme mikroarkitekturstrukturer som i angreb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50684\">MDS<\/a><\/noindex> (Microarchitectural Data Sampling), <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=49608\">Spectre og Meltdown.<\/a><\/noindex>De nye angreb blokeres ikke af de eksisterende beskyttelsesmetoder mod Meltdown, Spectre, MDS og andre lignende angreb. For at sikre effektiv beskyttelse mod LVI kr\u00e6ves der hardware\u00e6ndringer i CPU'en. Ved softwarebaseret beskyttelse, gennem tilf\u00f8jelse af LFENCE-instruktionen af compileren efter hver hukommelsesl\u00e6sning og erstatning af RET-instruktionen med POP, LFENCE og JMP, opst\u00e5r der alt for store omkostninger \u2014 if\u00f8lge forskernes vurdering vil fuld softwarebeskyttelse f\u00f8re til et fald i ydeevnen p\u00e5 mellem 2 og 19 gange. <\/p>\n<p>Delvist, vanskeligheden ved at blokere problemet kompenseres af, at angrebet i \u00f8jeblikket har et mere teoretisk end praktisk karakter (angrebet er teoretisk muligt, men meget vanskeligt at udf\u00f8re og kan kun reproduceres i syntetiske tests).<br \/>\nIntel <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.intel.com\/technology\/2020\/03\/ipas-security-advisories-for-march-2020\/\">har tildelt<\/a><\/noindex> problemet et moderat fare niveau (5.6 ud af 10) og <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.intel.com\/content\/www\/us\/en\/security-center\/advisory\/intel-sa-00334.html\">udgivet<\/a><\/noindex> en firmware- og SDK-opdatering for SGX-milj\u00f8et, hvor de har fors\u00f8gt at blokere angrebet ved at omg\u00e5 det. De foresl\u00e5ede angrebsmetoder kan kun anvendes p\u00e5 Intel-processorer, men der er ikke udelukket, at LVI ogs\u00e5 kan tilpasses til andre processorer, der er modtagelige for Meltdown-klasseangreb.<\/p>\n<p>Problemet blev identificeret i april sidste \u00e5r af forskeren Jo Van Bulck fra Leuven Universitet, hvorefter fem grundl\u00e6ggende angrebsmetoder blev udviklet med deltagelse af 9 forskere fra andre universiteter, hver af hvilke muligg\u00f8r mere specifikke <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/transient.fail\/\">varianter.<\/a><\/noindex>Uafh\u00e6ngigt opdagede forskere fra Bitdefender ogs\u00e5 i februar i \u00e5r <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/businessinsights.bitdefender.com\/bitdefender-researchers-discover-new-side-channel-attack\">Hvad nu<\/a><\/noindex> en af varianterne af LVI og rapporterede om den til Intel. Angrebsvarianter adskiller sig ved brug af forskellige mikroarkitekturstrukturer, s\u00e5som store buffers (SB, Store Buffer), line fill buffers (LFB, Line Fill Buffer), FPU-kontekstkrydsningsbuffer og f\u00f8rste niveau cache (L1D), der tidligere er blevet anvendt i s\u00e5danne angreb som  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51852\">ZombieLoad<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52260\">RIDL<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50684\">Fallout<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=48775\">LazyFP<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=49134\">Foreshadow.<\/a><\/noindex> og <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=47856\">Meltdown<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><center><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lviattack.eu\/lvi.pdf\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"LVI - a new class of attacks on the CPU speculative execution mechanism\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/c367a275f86969b470990eb458ec6875.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n<p> Den prim\u00e6re <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/access.redhat.com\/articles\/load-value-injection-flaw\">forskel.<\/a><\/noindex> LVI fra MDS-angreb er, at MDS manipulerer definitionen af indholdet i mikroarkitekturstrukturer, der forbliver i cachen efter spekulativ behandling af undtagelser (fejl) eller load og store operationer, mens<br \/>\nLVI-angreb giver mulighed for at inds\u00e6tte angriberens data i mikroarkitekturstrukturer for at p\u00e5virke den efterf\u00f8lgende spekulative udf\u00f8relse af offerets kode. Gennem disse manipulationer kan angriberen udtr\u00e6kke indholdet af private datastrukturer i andre processer ved at udf\u00f8re bestemt kode p\u00e5 den m\u00e5lrettede CPU-kerne.<\/p>\n<p><center><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lviattack.eu\/lvi.pdf\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"LVI - a new class of attacks on the CPU speculative execution mechanism\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/164558b64621d92b32eb40245f7014e6.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n<p>For <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lviattack.eu\/lvi.pdf\">udnyttelse af problemet<\/a><\/noindex> i offerets proceskode <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/software.intel.com\/security-software-guidance\/insights\/deep-dive-load-value-injection\">skal forekomme<\/a><\/noindex> s\u00e6rlige kode-sekvenser (gadgets), hvor et v\u00e6rdi, der kontrolleres af angriberen, indl\u00e6ses, og indl\u00e6sningen af denne v\u00e6rdi f\u00f8rer til opst\u00e5en af undtagelser (fejl, abort eller assist), som kasserer resultatet og genudf\u00f8rer instruktionen. Under behandlingen af undtagelsen opst\u00e5r der et spekulativt vindue, hvor dataene, der behandles i gadgeten, l\u00e6kkes. Specifikt begynder processor at udf\u00f8re en del kode (gadget) i spekulativ tilstand, derefter bestemmer, at forudsigelsen ikke holdt, og annullerer operationerne til deres oprindelige tilstand, men de behandlede data under den spekulative udf\u00f8relse bliver liggende i L1D-cachen og mikroarkitekturbuffers og er tilg\u00e6ngelige til at blive udtrukket derfra ved hj\u00e6lp af kendte metoder til at bestemme resterende data via sidekanaler.<\/p>\n<p>Undtagelsen \u00abassist\u00bb, i mods\u00e6tning til \u00abfault\u00bb, behandles inde i processoren uden at kalde softwarebehandlere. Assist kan opst\u00e5, n\u00e5r det f.eks. er n\u00f8dvendigt at opdatere bit A (Accessed) eller D (Dirty) i hukommelsens side-tabeller. Den st\u00f8rste udfordring ved at udf\u00f8re et angreb p\u00e5 andre processer er, hvordan man initierer forekomsten af assist ved at manipulere offerprocessen. I \u00f8jeblikket findes der ingen p\u00e5lidelige metoder til dette, men i fremtiden kan det ikke udelukkes, at der findes s\u00e5danne. Muligheden for at udf\u00f8re angrebet er indtil videre kun bekr\u00e6ftet for Intel SGX enclaves, mens de \u00f8vrige scenarier er teoretiske eller reproducerbare i syntetiske forhold (kr\u00e6ver tilf\u00f8jelse af bestemte gadgets i koden).<\/p>\n<p><center><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lviattack.eu\/lvi.pdf\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"LVI - a new class of attacks on the CPU speculative execution mechanism\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/25916ac2d7df502276a5feaa50deda57.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n<p><center><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lviattack.eu\/lvi.pdf\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"LVI - a new class of attacks on the CPU speculative execution mechanism\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/57202000ccc222ee6cd4404406f4b2c0.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n<p>Mulige angrebsvektorer:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Data leakage from kernel structures to user-level processes. The existing protection in the Linux kernel against Spectre class attacks, along with the SMAP (Supervisor Mode Access Prevention) mechanism, significantly reduces the likelihood of LVI attacks. Additional kernel protection may be required if simpler methods for conducting LVI attacks are identified in the future.\n<li class=\"l\"> Data leakage between different processes. A specific code fragment in the application and a defined method for raising exceptions in the target process are required for the attack.\n<li class=\"l\"> Data leakage from the host environment to the guest system. This attack is classified as too complex, requiring the execution of various difficult steps and predictions of activity within the system.\n<li class=\"l\"> Data leakage between processes in different guest systems. The attack vector is similar to organizing data leakage between different processes but additionally requires complex manipulations to bypass isolation between guest systems.\n<\/ul>\n<p>Researchers have published <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/bitdefender\/lvi-lfb-attack-poc\">flere<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/jovanbulck\/sgx-step\/tree\/master\/app\/lvi\">prototypes<\/a><\/noindex> demonstrating the principles of conducting the attack, but they are not yet suitable for carrying out real attacks. The first example allows the redirection of speculative code execution in the victim process, similar to Return-Oriented Programming (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=48730#rop\">ROP<\/a><\/noindex>, Return-Oriented Programming). In this example, a specially prepared process acts as the victim, containing the necessary gadgets (applying the attack to real third-party processes is challenging). The second example allows for interference in calculations while encrypting AES within an Intel SGX enclave and organizing data leakage during the speculative execution of instructions to restore the value used for the encryption key.<\/p>\n<p><center><br \/>\n<div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"goy8XRXFlh4\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/goy8XRXFlh4\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Afspil video\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Kilde: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52517\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a LVI (Load Value Injection, CVE-2020-0551) \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 CPU Intel, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0443\u0442\u0435\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437 \u0430\u043d\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432 Intel SGX \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432. \u041d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u0436\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0432 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0445 MDS (Microarchitectural Data Sampling), Spectre [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":73757,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-73756","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" 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