{"id":77298,"date":"2020-04-10T01:42:31","date_gmt":"2020-04-09T23:42:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-ustanovit-i-ispolzovat-aide-advanced-intrusion-detection-environment-v-centos-8"},"modified":"2020-04-10T01:42:31","modified_gmt":"2020-04-09T23:42:31","slug":"kak-ustanovit-i-ispolzovat-aide-advanced-intrusion-detection-environment-v-centos-8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-ustanovit-i-ispolzovat-aide-advanced-intrusion-detection-environment-v-centos-8","title":{"rendered":"S\u00e5dan installeres og bruges AIDE (Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment) i CentOS 8","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><i><b>I anledning af starten p\u00e5 kurset <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.pw\/BztB\/\">\u00abLinux Administrator\u00bb<\/a><\/noindex> har forberedt en overs\u00e6ttelse af interessant materiale.<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"S\u00e5dan installeres og bruges AIDE (Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment) i CentOS 8\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/e0f652f377fb48798444f1db1de5a376.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nAIDE st\u00e5r for \u201cAdvanced Intrusion Detection Environment\u201d (avanceret system til detektering af indtr\u00e6ngen) \u2014 det er et af de mest popul\u00e6re systemer til overv\u00e5gning af \u00e6ndringer i operativsystemer baseret p\u00e5 Linux. AIDE bruges til at beskytte mod malware, vira og til at opdage uautoriserede handlinger. For at kontrollere filers integritet og opdage indtr\u00e6ngen opretter AIDE en database med oplysninger om filer og sammenligner den nuv\u00e6rende tilstand af systemet med denne database. AIDE hj\u00e6lper med at reducere tid til efterforskning af h\u00e6ndelser ved at fokusere p\u00e5 de filer, der er blevet \u00e6ndret.<\/p>\n<p>AIDE-funktioner:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Underst\u00f8ttelse af forskellige filattributter, herunder: filtype, inode, uid, gid, tilladelser, antal links, mtime, ctime og atime.<\/li>\n<li>Underst\u00f8ttelse af Gzip-komprimering, SELinux, XAttrs, Posix ACL og filsystemattributter.<\/li>\n<li>Underst\u00f8ttelse af forskellige algoritmer, herunder md5, sha1, sha256, sha512, rmd160, crc32 osv.<\/li>\n<li>Sendelse af e-mailnotifikationer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nI denne artikel vil vi se p\u00e5, hvordan man installerer og bruger AIDE til detektering af indtr\u00e6ngen i CentOS 8.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3>Foruds\u00e6tninger<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Server der k\u00f8rer CentOS 8, minimum med 2 GB RAM.<\/li>\n<li>root-adgang<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Lad os begynde<\/h3>\n<p>\nDet anbefales f\u00f8rst at opdatere systemet. For at g\u00f8re dette skal du k\u00f8re f\u00f8lgende kommando.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">dnf update -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nEfter opdatering skal du genstarte systemet, s\u00e5 \u00e6ndringerne tr\u00e6der i kraft.<\/p>\n<h3>Installation af AIDE<\/h3>\n<p>\nAIDE er tilg\u00e6ngelig i den standard repository for CentOS 8. Du kan nemt installere det ved at k\u00f8re f\u00f8lgende kommando:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">dnf install aide -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nN\u00e5r installationen er fuldf\u00f8rt, kan du se versionen af AIDE ved hj\u00e6lp af f\u00f8lgende kommando:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aide --version<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nDu skal se f\u00f8lgende:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Aide 0.16\n\nKompileret med f\u00f8lgende indstillinger:\n\nWITH_MMAP\nWITH_PCRE\nWITH_POSIX_ACL\nWITH_SELINUX\nWITH_XATTR\nWITH_E2FSATTRS\nWITH_LSTAT64\nWITH_READDIR64\nWITH_ZLIB\nWITH_CURL\nWITH_GCRYPT\nWITH_AUDIT\nCONFIG_FILE = \"\/etc\/aide.conf\"<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nTilg\u00e6ngelige muligheder <code>aide<\/code> kan ses som f\u00f8lger:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aide --help<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"S\u00e5dan installeres og bruges AIDE (Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment) i CentOS 8\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/b85d16149448ab22bb6b09ee66bf5bc8.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Oprettelse og initialisering af databasen<\/h3>\n<p>\nDet f\u00f8rste, du skal g\u00f8re efter installationen af AIDE, er at initialisere det. Initialiseringen involverer at oprette en database (snapshot) af alle filer og mapper p\u00e5 serveren.<\/p>\n<p>For at initialisere databasen skal du k\u00f8re f\u00f8lgende kommando:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aide --init<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nDu skal se f\u00f8lgende:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Start timestamp: 2020-01-16 03:03:19 -0500 (AIDE 0.16)\nAIDE har initialiseret databasen i \/var\/lib\/aide\/aide.db.new.gz\n\nAntal poster:\t49472\n\n---------------------------------------------------\nAttributterne af den (udpakkede) database(r):\n---------------------------------------------------\n\n\/var\/lib\/aide\/aide.db.new.gz\n  MD5      : 4N79P7hPE2uxJJ1o7na9sA==\n  SHA1     : Ic2XBj50MKiPd1UGrtcUk4LGs0M=\n  RMD160   : rHMMy5WwHVb9TGUc+TBHFHsPCrk=\n  TIGER    : vkb2bvB1r7DbT3n6d1qYVfDzrNCzTkI0\n  SHA256   : tW3KmjcDef2gNXYqnOPT1l0gDFd0tBh9\n             xWXT2iaEHgQ=\n  SHA512   : VPMRQnz72+JRgNQhL16dxQC9c+GiYB8g\n             uZp6uZNqTvTdxw+w\/IYDSanTtt\/fEkiI\n             nDw6lgDNI\/ls2esijukliQ==\n\n\nEnd timestamp: 2020-01-16 03:03:44 -0500 (k\u00f8rselstid: 0m 25s)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nDen tidligere n\u00e6vnte kommando vil oprette en ny database <code>aide.db.new.gz<\/code> i katalogen <code>\/var\/lib\/aide<\/code>. Den kan ses ved hj\u00e6lp af f\u00f8lgende kommando:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ls -l \/var\/lib\/aide<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nResultat:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">total 2800\n-rw------- 1 root root 2863809 Jan 16 03:03 aide.db.new.gz<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nAIDE vil ikke bruge denne nye databasefil, f\u00f8r den er omd\u00f8bt til <code>aide.db.gz<\/code>. Dette kan g\u00f8res som f\u00f8lger:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">mv \/var\/lib\/aide\/aide.db.new.gz \/var\/lib\/aide\/aide.db.gz<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nDet anbefales at opdatere denne database periodisk for at sikre den n\u00f8dvendige overv\u00e5gning af \u00e6ndringer. <\/p>\n<p>Pladsering af databasen kan \u00e6ndres ved at \u00e6ndre parameteren <code>DBDIR<\/code> i filen <code>\/etc\/aide.conf<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h3>Start kontrol<\/h3>\n<p>\nNu er AIDE klar til at bruge den nye database. K\u00f8r den f\u00f8rste AIDE-kontrol uden at foretage \u00e6ndringer:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aide --check<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nAt udf\u00f8re denne kommando vil tage lidt tid afh\u00e6ngigt af st\u00f8rrelsen p\u00e5 dit filsystem og m\u00e6ngden af RAM p\u00e5 din server. Efter kontrolen skal du se f\u00f8lgende:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Start timestamp: 2020-01-16 03:05:07 -0500 (AIDE 0.16)\nAIDE fandt INGEN forskelle mellem databasen og filsystemet. Ser godt ud!!<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nDen ovenfor n\u00e6vnte output indikerer, at alle filer og kataloger svarer til AIDE databasen.<\/p>\n<h3>Test AIDE<\/h3>\n<p>\nSom standard overv\u00e5ger AIDE ikke den standard root-katalog for Apache <code>\/var\/www\/html.<\/code> Lad os konfigurere AIDE til at overv\u00e5ge den. Dette kr\u00e6ver at \u00e6ndre filen <code>\/etc\/aide.conf<\/code>.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">nano \/etc\/aide.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nTilf\u00f8j ovenfor linjen <code>\"\/root\/CONTENT_EX\"<\/code> f\u00f8lgende:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">\/var\/www\/html\/ CONTENT_EX<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nDerefter, opret filen <code>aide.txt<\/code> i katalogen <code>\/var\/www\/html\/<\/code>, ved hj\u00e6lp af f\u00f8lgende kommando:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">echo \"Test AIDE\" &gt; \/var\/www\/html\/aide.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nK\u00f8r nu AIDE-kontrollen og s\u00f8rg for, at den oprettede fil bliver opdaget.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aide --check<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nDu skal se f\u00f8lgende:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Start timestamp: 2020-01-16 03:09:40 -0500 (AIDE 0.16)\nAIDE fandt forskelle mellem databasen og filsystemet!!\n\nSammendrag:\n  Samlet antal poster:\t49475\n  Tilf\u00f8jede poster:\t\t1\n  Fjernede poster:\t\t0\n  \u00c6ndrede poster:\t\t0\n\n---------------------------------------------------\nTilf\u00f8jede poster:\n---------------------------------------------------\n\nf++++++++++++++++: \/var\/www\/html\/aide.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nVi kan se, at den oprettede fil er blevet opdaget <code>aide.txt<\/code>.<br \/>\nEfter at have analyseret de opdagede \u00e6ndringer, opdater AIDE databasen.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aide --update<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nEfter opdateringen vil du se f\u00f8lgende:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Start timestamp: 2020-01-16 03:10:41 -0500 (AIDE 0.16)\nAIDE fand forskelle mellem databasen og filsystemet!!\nNy AIDE-database skrevet til \/var\/lib\/aide\/aide.db.new.gz\n\nSammendrag:\n  Totalt antal poster:\t49475\n  Tilf\u00f8jede poster:\t\t1\n  Fjernede poster:\t\t0\n  \u00c6ndrede poster:\t\t0\n\n---------------------------------------------------\nTilf\u00f8jede poster:\n---------------------------------------------------\n\nf++++++++++++++++: \/var\/www\/html\/aide.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nDen tidligere n\u00e6vnte kommando vil oprette en ny database <code>aide.db.new.gz<\/code> i katalogen <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">\/var\/lib\/aide\/<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nDu kan se den med f\u00f8lgende kommando:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ls -l \/var\/lib\/aide\/<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nResultat:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">total 5600\n-rw------- 1 root root 2864012 Jan 16 03:09 aide.db.gz\n-rw------- 1 root root 2864100 Jan 16 03:11 aide.db.new.gz<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nOmnavngiv nu den nye database endnu en gang, s\u00e5 AIDE bruger den nye database til at spore yderligere \u00e6ndringer. Du kan omd\u00f8be den som f\u00f8lger:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">mv \/var\/lib\/aide\/aide.db.new.gz \/var\/lib\/aide\/aide.db.gz<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nK\u00f8r kontrollen igen for at sikre, at AIDE bruger den nye database:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aide --check<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nDu skal se f\u00f8lgende:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Start timestamp: 2020-01-16 03:12:29 -0500 (AIDE 0.16)\nAIDE fandt INGEN forskelle mellem databasen og filsystemet. Ser fint ud!!<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Automatisering af kontrol<\/h3>\n<p>\nDet er en god id\u00e9 at k\u00f8re AIDE-kontrollen dagligt og sende rapporten via e-mail. Denne proces kan automatiseres med cron.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">nano \/etc\/crontab<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nFor at k\u00f8re AIDE-kontrollen hver dag kl. 10:15, tilf\u00f8j f\u00f8lgende linje til slutningen af filen:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">15 10 * * * root \/usr\/sbin\/aide --check<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nNu vil AIDE underrette dig via e-mail. Du kan tjekke din e-mail med f\u00f8lgende kommando:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">tail -f \/var\/mail\/root<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nAIDE-loggen kan ses med f\u00f8lgende kommando:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">tail -f \/var\/log\/aide\/aide.log<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Konklusion<\/h3>\n<p>\nI denne artikel har du l\u00e6rt, hvordan du bruger AIDE til at opdage \u00e6ndringer i filer og identificere uautoriseret adgang til serveren. For yderligere indstillinger kan du \u00e6ndre konfigurationsfilen \/etc\/aide.conf. Af sikkerhedsm\u00e6ssige \u00e5rsager anbefales det at opbevare databasen og konfigurationsfilen p\u00e5 et medie, der kun er tilg\u00e6ngeligt for l\u00e6sning. Yderligere information kan findes i dokumentationen <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/access.redhat.com\/documentation\/en-us\/red_hat_enterprise_linux\/7\/html\/security_guide\/sec-using-aide\">AIDE Doc<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>\n<b><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.pw\/BztB\/\">F\u00e5 mere at vide om kurset.<br \/>\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/b><\/p>\n<p>Kilde: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/otus\/blog\/496312\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 \u00ab\u0410\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 Linux\u00bb \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430. AIDE \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u201cAdvanced Intrusion Detection Environment\u201d (\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439) \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 Linux. AIDE \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c, \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":77299,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-77298","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 \u00ab\u0410\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 Linux\u00bb \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e 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