{"id":81922,"date":"2020-05-18T01:42:25","date_gmt":"2020-05-17T23:42:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-perenesti-openvz-6-kontejner-na-kvm-server-bez-golovnoj-boli"},"modified":"2020-05-18T01:42:25","modified_gmt":"2020-05-17T23:42:25","slug":"kak-perenesti-openvz-6-kontejner-na-kvm-server-bez-golovnoj-boli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-perenesti-openvz-6-kontejner-na-kvm-server-bez-golovnoj-boli","title":{"rendered":"Hvordan overf\u00f8rer man en OpenVZ 6-container til en KVM-server uden hovedpine","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Alle som en gang i livet har haft brug for at overf\u00f8re en OpenVZ-container til en server med fuld virtualisering KVM, har m\u00f8dt nogle problemer:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mest af informationen er simpelthen for\u00e6ldet og var relevant for operativsystemer, der l\u00e6nge har n\u00e5et EOL-cyklussen.<\/li>\n<li>Der gives altid forskellige informationer for forskellige OS, og der overvejes aldrig mulige fejl under migreringen.<\/li>\n<li>Nogle gange m\u00e5 man h\u00e5ndtere konfigurationer, der ikke vil fungere efter migreringen.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>N\u00e5r man flytter \u00e9n server, kan man altid rette noget undervejs, men hvad med at flytte en hel klynge? <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>I denne artikel vil jeg fors\u00f8ge at forklare, hvordan man korrekt migrerer en OpenVZ-container til KVM med minimal nedetid og hurtige l\u00f8sninger p\u00e5 alle problemer.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"nebolshoy-likbez-chto-takoe-openvz-i-chto-takoe-kvm\">Lidt undervisning: hvad er OpenVZ og hvad er KVM?<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Vi vil ikke dykke ned i terminologien, men sige det i generelle tr\u00e6k:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>OpenVZ<\/strong> \u2014 virtualisering p\u00e5 niveau med operativsystemet, kan implementeres selv p\u00e5 en mikrob\u00f8lgeovn, da der ikke er behov for CPU-instruktioner og virtualiseringsteknologier p\u00e5 v\u00e6rtmaskinen. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>KVM <\/strong> \u2014 fuld virtualisering, der bruger hele CPU's kraft og kan virtualisere hvad som helst, som man vil, p\u00e5 kryds og tv\u00e6rs. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>P\u00e5 trods af den udbredte opfattelse om, at i milj\u00f8et <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/\"   title=\"hostingudbydere\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1210\">hostingudbydere<\/a> overs\u00e6lges OpenVZ, men KVM ikke \u2014 heldigvis for sidstn\u00e6vnte, overs\u00e6lges KVM nu ikke ringere end sin bror.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"chto-budem-perenosit\">Hvad skal vi overf\u00f8re?<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Som testobjekter til overf\u00f8rslen m\u00e5tte vi bruge hele skoven af operativsystemer, der er tilg\u00e6ngelige p\u00e5 OpenVZ: CentOS (versionerne 6 og 7), Ubuntu (14, 16 og 18 LTS), Debian 7.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Det antages, at der i st\u00f8rstedelen af OpenVZ-containerne allerede k\u00f8rer en eller anden LAMP, og nogle har endda en meget specifik software. Oftest var det konfigurationer med kontrolpanelet ISPmanager, VestaCP (og oftest, ikke opdateret i \u00e5revis). Der m\u00e5 ogs\u00e5 tages hensyn til deres krav til overf\u00f8rslen.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Migreringen udf\u00f8res med bevaring af <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/lir\/ipv4\/\"   title=\"IP-adresser\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"668\">IP-adresser<\/a> den overf\u00f8rbare container, lad os antage, at IP'en, som containeren havde, bevares p\u00e5 VM og vil fungere uden problemer.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>F\u00f8r vi overf\u00f8rer, skal vi sikre os, at vi har alt p\u00e5 plads:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>OpenVZ-server, fuld root-adgang til v\u00e6rtmaskinen, mulighed for at stoppe\/mount\/muligg\u00f8re\/slette containere<\/li>\n<li>KVM-server, fuld root-adgang til hostmaskinen, med alle tilh\u00f8rende funktioner. Det antages, at alt allerede er konfigureret og klar til brug.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"pristupaem-k-perenosu\">Lad os begynde overf\u00f8rslen<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Inden vi starter overf\u00f8rslen, lad os definere termerne, der g\u00f8r det lettere at forst\u00e5:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>KVM_NODE<\/strong> \u2014 KVM-hostmaskinen<br \/>\n<strong>VZ_NODE<\/strong> \u2014 OpenVZ-hostmaskinen<br \/>\n<strong>CTID<\/strong> \u2014 OpenVZ-container<br \/>\n<strong>VM<\/strong> \u2014 KVM-virtuel server<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"podgotovka-k-perenosu-i-sozdanie-virtualnyh-mashin\">Forberedelse til overf\u00f8rsel og oprettelse af virtuelle maskiner.<\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Trin 1<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Da vi skal overf\u00f8re containeren, opretter vi <strong>VM<\/strong> med en tilsvarende konfiguration p\u00e5 <strong>KVM_NODE<\/strong>.<br \/>\n<strong>Vigtigt!<\/strong> VM'en skal oprettes p\u00e5 det samme operativsystem, som k\u00f8rer p\u00e5 CTID. For eksempel, hvis CTID har Ubuntu 14 installeret, s\u00e5 skal VM ogs\u00e5 have Ubuntu 14. Mindre versioner er ikke s\u00e5 vigtige, og deres uoverensstemmelse er ikke kritisk, men hovedversionerne skal v\u00e6re ens.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Efter oprettelsen af VM, opdaterer vi pakkerne p\u00e5 CTID og VM (forveksl ikke med opdatering af OS \u2014 vi opdaterer ikke OS, kun pakkerne og, hvis det er n\u00f8dvendigt, OS-versionen inden for hovedversionen).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>For CentOS ser denne proces harml\u00f8s ud:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># yum clean all\n# yum update -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Og ikke mindre harml\u00f8s for Ubuntu, Debian:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># apt-get update\n# apt-get upgrade<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Trin 2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Installerer p\u00e5 <strong>CTID<\/strong>, <strong>VZ_NODE<\/strong> og <strong>VM<\/strong> v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jet <strong>rsync<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>CentOS:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># yum install rsync -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Debian, Ubuntu:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># apt-get install rsync -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Installer ikke noget andet hverken d\u00e9r eller d\u00e9r.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Trin 3<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Vi stopper <strong>CTID <\/strong>og f\u00e5 en fungerende kommando. <strong>VZ_NODE <\/strong>med kommandoen<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">vzctl stop CTID<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Vi monterer billedet <strong>CTID<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">vzctl mount CTID<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Vi g\u00e5r ind i mappen \/vz\/root\/<strong>CTID<\/strong> og udf\u00f8rer<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">mount --bind \/dev dev &amp;&amp; mount --bind \/sys sys &amp;&amp; mount --bind \/proc proc &amp;&amp; chroot .<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Under chroot opretter vi filen \/root\/exclude.txt \u2014 den vil indeholde en liste over undtagelser, der ikke kommer over p\u00e5 den nye server<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">\/boot\n\/proc\n\/sys\n\/tmp\n\/dev\n\/var\/lock\n\/etc\/fstab\n\/etc\/mtab\n\/etc\/resolv.conf\n\/etc\/conf.d\/net\n\/etc\/network\/interfaces\n\/etc\/networks\n\/etc\/sysconfig\/network*\n\/etc\/sysconfig\/hwconf\n\/etc\/sysconfig\/ip6tables-config\n\/etc\/sysconfig\/kernel\n\/etc\/hostname\n\/etc\/HOSTNAME\n\/etc\/hosts\n\/etc\/modprobe*\n\/etc\/modules\n\/net\n\/lib\/modules\n\/etc\/rc.conf\n\/usr\/share\/nova-agent*\n\/usr\/sbin\/nova-agent*\n\/etc\/init.d\/nova-agent*\n\/etc\/ips\n\/etc\/ipaddrpool\n\/etc\/ips.dnsmaster\n\/etc\/resolv.conf\n\/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/ifcfg-eth0\n\/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/ifcfg-ens3<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Vi opretter forbindelse til <strong>KVM_NODE<\/strong> og starter vores <strong>VM<\/strong>, s\u00e5 det fungerer og er tilg\u00e6ngeligt over netv\u00e6rket.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nu er alt klar til overf\u00f8rslen. Lad os komme i gang!<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Trin 4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Mens vi stadig er under chroot, udf\u00f8rer vi<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">rsync --exclude-from=\"\/root\/exclude.txt\" --numeric-ids -avpogtStlHz --progress -e \"ssh -T -o Compression=no -x\" \/ root@KVM_NODE:\/<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>rsync-kommandoen vil udf\u00f8re overf\u00f8rslen, og vi h\u00e5ber, at n\u00f8gleoperationerne er klare \u2014 overf\u00f8rslen foretages med bevarelse af symlinks, adgange, ejerskaber og grupper uden kryptering for st\u00f8rre hastighed (man kunne have brugt en hurtigere cipher, men det var ikke s\u00e5 vigtigt i denne opgave), ligesom kompressionen ogs\u00e5 er deaktiveret.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Efter afslutningen af rsync forlader vi chroot (ved at trykke ctrl+d) og udf\u00f8rer<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">umount dev &amp;&amp; umount proc &amp;&amp; umount sys &amp;&amp; cd .. &amp;&amp; vzctl umount CTID<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Trin 5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Vi udf\u00f8rer nogle handlinger, der vil hj\u00e6lpe os med at starte VM efter overf\u00f8rslen fra OpenVZ.<br \/>\nP\u00e5 servere med <strong>Systemd<\/strong> viabiliserer vi en kommando, der hj\u00e6lper os med at logge ind i den almindelige konsol, lad os sige, via VNC-sk\u00e6rmen p\u00e5 serveren<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">mv \/etc\/systemd\/system\/getty.target.wants\/getty@tty2.service \/etc\/systemd\/system\/getty.target.wants\/getty@tty1.service<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>P\u00e5 serverne <strong>CentOS 6<\/strong> og <strong>CentOS 7<\/strong> vi skal s\u00f8rge for at installere en ny kerne:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">yum install kernel-$(uname -r)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Serveren kan starte fra den, men efter flytningen kan det stoppe med at fungere eller blive slettet.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>P\u00e5 serveren <strong>CentOS 7<\/strong> er det n\u00f8dvendigt at anvende et lille fix til PolkitD, ellers vil serveren falde i en evig boot:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">getent group polkitd &gt;\/dev\/null &amp;&amp; echo -e \"e[1;32mpolkitd gruppen eksisterer alleredee[0m\" || { groupadd -r polkitd &amp;&amp; echo -e \"e[1;33mTilf\u00f8jet manglende polkitd gruppee[0m\" || echo -e \"e[1;31mTilf\u00f8jning af polkitd gruppe MISLYKKEDe[0m\"; }\n\ngetent passwd polkitd &gt;\/dev\/null \n&amp;&amp; echo -e \"e[1;32mpolkitd brugeren eksisterer alleredee[0m\" || { useradd -r -g polkitd -d \/ -s \/sbin\/nologin -c \"Bruger for polkitd\" polkitd &amp;&amp; echo -e \"e[1;33mTilf\u00f8jet manglende polkitd brugere[0m\" || echo -e \"e[1;31mTilf\u00f8jning af polkitd bruger MISLYKKEDe[0m\"; }\n\nrpm -Va polkit* &amp;&amp; echo -e \"e[1;32mpolkit* rpm verifikation best\u00e5edee[0m\" || { echo -e \"e[1;33mNulstiller polkit* rpm bruger\/gruppet ejerskab &amp; permisse[0m\"; rpm --setugids polkit polkit-pkla-compat; rpm --setperms polkit polkit-pkla-compat; }<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>P\u00e5 alle servere, hvis mod_fcgid blev installeret til Apache, anvender vi et lille fix med rettigheder, ellers vil websites, der bruger mod_fcgid, falde med en fejl 500:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">chmod +s `which suexec` &amp;&amp; apachectl restart<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Og sidst, dette vil v\u00e6re nyttigt for Ubuntu, Debian-distributioner. Dette OS kan falde i en evig boot med fejlen<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>looping too fast. throttling execution a little<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>ubehageligt, men let at fixe, afh\u00e6ngigt af OS-versionen.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>P\u00e5 <strong>Debian 9<\/strong> fixet ser s\u00e5ledes ud:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>vi udf\u00f8rer<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">dbus-uuidgen<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>hvis vi f\u00e5r en fejl<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\/usr\/local\/lib\/libdbus-1.so.3: version `LIBDBUS_PRIVATE_1.10.8\u2032 not found<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>tjekker vi for LIBDBUS <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">ls -la \/lib\/x86_64-linux-gnu | grep dbus\nlibdbus-1.so.3 -&gt; libdbus-1.so.3.14.15 \nlibdbus-1.so.3.14.15 &lt;-- denne er n\u00f8dvendig\nlibdbus-1.so.3.14.16<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>hvis alt er i orden, udf\u00f8rer vi<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">cd \/lib\/x86_64-linux-gnu\nrm -rf libdbus-1.so.3\nln -s libdbus-1.so.3.14.15 libdbus-1.so.3<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Hvis det ikke hj\u00e6lper \u2014 pr\u00f8ver vi den anden mulighed.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Den anden mulighed for at l\u00f8se problemet med <strong>throttling execution a little<\/strong> g\u00e6lder praktisk talt for alle Ubuntu og Debian-distributioner.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Vi udf\u00f8rer<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">bash -x \/var\/lib\/dpkg\/info\/dbus.postinst configure<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Allowed Logout URLs <strong>Ubuntu 14<\/strong>, <strong>Debian 7<\/strong> yderligere udf\u00f8rer vi:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">adduser --system --home \/nonexistent --no-create-home --disabled-password --group messagebus\n\nrm -rf \/etc\/init.d\/modules_dep.sh <\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Hvad har vi gjort? Vi har genoprettet messagebus, som manglede for at starte Debian\/Ubuntu, og fjernet modules_dep, der kom fra OpenVZ og forstyrrede indl\u00e6sningen af mange kerne-moduler.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Trin 6<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Vi genstarter VM, tjekker i VNC, hvordan indl\u00e6sningen g\u00e5r, og i ideelt set \u2014 vil alt starte uden problemer. Selvom der muligvis opst\u00e5r nogle specifikke problemer efter migreringen \u2014 men de falder uden for rammerne af denne artikel og rettes efterh\u00e5nden som de opst\u00e5r.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Jeg h\u00e5ber, at denne information vil v\u00e6re nyttig! \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n<p>Kilde: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/502132\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0431\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0432 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 OpenVZ \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 KVM, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438: \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0431\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0445 EOL \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b \u041e\u0421 \u041f\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c \u041e\u0421 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f 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