{"id":84726,"date":"2020-06-10T13:42:19","date_gmt":"2020-06-10T11:42:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/mikroyadro-sel4-matematicheski-verificzirovano-dlya-arhitektury-risc-v"},"modified":"2020-06-10T13:42:19","modified_gmt":"2020-06-10T11:42:19","slug":"mikroyadro-sel4-matematicheski-verificzirovano-dlya-arhitektury-risc-v","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/news\/mikroyadro-sel4-matematicheski-verificzirovano-dlya-arhitektury-risc-v","title":{"rendered":"Mikrokernen seL4 er matematisk verificeret til RISC-V arkitektur","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

RISC-V Foundation i sin officielle blog og deler relevante diagrammer.<\/a><\/noindex> om verificering af mikrokerneoperativsystemet seL4<\/a><\/noindex> p\u00e5 systemer med RISC-V instruktionss\u00e6tarkitektur. Verificeringen g\u00e5r ud p\u00e5 matematisk bevis<\/a><\/noindex> for p\u00e5lideligheden af seL4, som viser fuld overensstemmelse med de specifikationer, der er angivet p\u00e5 formelt sprog. Beviset for p\u00e5lidelighed muligg\u00f8r brugen af<\/a><\/noindex> seL4 i kritisk vigtige systemer baseret p\u00e5 RISC-V RV64-processorer, som kr\u00e6ver et h\u00f8jere niveau af p\u00e5lidelighed og garanterer frav\u00e6r af fejl. Softwarens udviklere, der arbejder ovenp\u00e5 seL4-kerne, kan v\u00e6re helt sikre p\u00e5, at i tilf\u00e6lde af en fejl i en del af systemet vil denne fejl ikke sprede sig til resten af systemet, is\u00e6r ikke til dets kritiske dele. <\/p>\n

Oprindeligt blev mikrokerne seL4 verificeret til 32-bit ARM-processorer, og senere til 64-bit x86-processorer. Det bem\u00e6rkes, at kombinationen af den \u00e5bne hardwarearkitektur RISC-V med den \u00e5bne mikrokerne seL4 vil opn\u00e5 et nyt sikkerhedsniveau, da hardwarekomponenter i fremtiden ogs\u00e5 kan blive fuldt verificeret, hvilket ikke er muligt med propriet\u00e6re hardwarearkitekturer. <\/p>\n

Ved verifikation af seL4 antages det, at hardwaren virker som beskrevet, og at specifikationen fuldt ud beskriver systemets adf\u00e6rd. Men i praksis er hardwaren ikke fejlfri, hvilket tydeligt illustreres ved de regelm\u00e6ssigt opst\u00e5ede problemer i mekanismen for spekulativ udf\u00f8relse af instruktioner. Open hardware-platforme forenkler integrationen af sikkerhedsrelaterede \u00e6ndringer \u2013 for eksempel ved at blokere alle mulige kanaler til datal\u00e6kage gennem eksterne kanaler, hvor det er langt mere effektivt at l\u00f8se problemet h\u00e5rdvareniveau end at fors\u00f8ge at finde softwarebaserede omveje.<\/p>\n

Lad os minde om, at arkitekturen seL4 er bem\u00e6rkelsesv\u00e6rdig<\/a><\/noindex> udtr\u00e6k af komponenter til styring af kerneressourcer i brugerens rum og anvendelse af de samme adgangsbegr\u00e6nsningsmetoder for disse ressourcer som for brugeressourcer. Mikrokerne leverer ikke klar til brug h\u00f8jniveau-abstraktioner til h\u00e5ndtering af filer, processer, netv\u00e6rksforbindelser osv.; i stedet giver den kun minimale mekanismer til at styre adgangen til det fysiske adresseomr\u00e5de, afbrydelser og CPU-ressourcer. H\u00f8jniveau-abstraktioner og drivere til interaktion med hardware implementeres separat oven p\u00e5 mikro-kernen i form af opgaver, der udf\u00f8res p\u00e5 brugerens niveau. Adgangen for disse opgaver til de ressourcer, mikro-kernen har, organiseres gennem fasts\u00e6ttelse af regler.<\/p>\n

RISC-V tilbyder et \u00e5bent og fleksibelt system af maskininstruktioner, der muligg\u00f8r oprettelse af mikroprocessorer til vilk\u00e5rlige anvendelser uden krav om afgifter og uden restriktioner for brugen. RISC-V muligg\u00f8r oprettelse af helt \u00e5bne SoC'er og processorer. I \u00f8jeblikket er der adskillige virksomheder og samfund, der arbejder med RISC-V-specifikationen under forskellige \u00e5bne licenser (BSD, MIT, Apache 2.0). udvikles<\/a><\/noindex> flere dusin varianter af mikroprocessor-kernene, SoC'er og allerede producerede chips. RISC-V-support findes fra versionerne Glibc 2.27, binutils 2.30, gcc 7 og Linux-kernen 4.15.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Kilde: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f RISC-V Foundation \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 seL4 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0441 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 RISC-V. \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0451\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b seL4, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c. \u0414\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0451\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c seL4 \u0432 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 RISC-V RV64, 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