{"id":86250,"date":"2020-06-23T13:42:20","date_gmt":"2020-06-23T11:42:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/novyj-standart-802-11ah-high-efficiency-wlan-chto-zhe-v-nem-novogo-i-kogda-ego-zhdat"},"modified":"2020-06-23T13:42:20","modified_gmt":"2020-06-23T11:42:20","slug":"novyj-standart-802-11ah-high-efficiency-wlan-chto-zhe-v-nem-novogo-i-kogda-ego-zhdat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/administrirovanie\/novyj-standart-802-11ah-high-efficiency-wlan-chto-zhe-v-nem-novogo-i-kogda-ego-zhdat","title":{"rendered":"Den nye standard 802.11ax (High Efficiency WLAN), hvad er nyt og hvorn\u00e5r kan vi forvente det?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Arbejdsguppen begyndte arbejdet p\u00e5 standarden allerede i 2014, og der arbejdes nu p\u00e5 draft3.0. Dette adskiller sig noget fra de tidligere generationer af standarder 802.11, da alt arbejdet dengang blev opdelt i to udkast. Dette skyldes et betydeligt antal planlagte og komplekse \u00e6ndringer, som derfor kr\u00e6ver mere detaljeret og kompliceret test af kompatibilitet. Oprindeligt havde gruppen til opgave at forbedre effektiviteten af spektrumudnyttelse for at \u00f8ge b\u00e5ndbredden af WLAN med h\u00f8j densitet af slutbrugere og adgangspunkter. De prim\u00e6re drivkr\u00e6fter for udviklingen af standarden var: stigningen i antallet af mobile abonnenter, live-streaming p\u00e5 sociale medier (fokus p\u00e5 upload trafik) og selvf\u00f8lgelig IoT.<\/p>\n<h4>Nyhederne ser schematisk s\u00e5ledes ud:<\/h4>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Den nye standard 802.11ax (High Efficiency WLAN), hvad er nyt og hvorn\u00e5r kan vi forvente det?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/36a0bd4ee33a05f57900ba3ea9c409fc.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h4><b>MIMO 8\u00d78, flere rumlige str\u00f8mme<\/b><\/h4>\n<p>\nDer vil v\u00e6re st\u00f8tte for MIMO 8\u00d78, op til 8SS (rumlige str\u00f8mme). Standard 802.11ac beskrev ogs\u00e5 st\u00f8tte for 8 SS i teorien, men i praksis var adgangspunkter med 802.11ac \"wave 2\" begr\u00e6nset til st\u00f8tte for 4 rumlige str\u00f8mme. Derved vil adgangspunkter med MIMO 8x8 kunne betjene op til 8 klienter 1x1, fire klienter 2x2 osv.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Den nye standard 802.11ax (High Efficiency WLAN), hvad er nyt og hvorn\u00e5r kan vi forvente det?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/04f9880565115724d4c36ee000323846.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><b>MU-MIMO DL\/UL (Multi-User MIMO Downlink\/Uplink)<\/b><\/h4>\n<p>\nSamtidig st\u00f8tte til multiuser-tilstand for b\u00e5de download og upload-kanaler. Muligheden for samtidig konkurrenceadgang til upload-kanalen, gruppering af b\u00e5de data- og kontrolrammer vil markant reducere \"overhead\", hvilket vil resultere i \u00f8get b\u00e5ndbredde og nedsat responstid.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Den nye standard 802.11ax (High Efficiency WLAN), hvad er nyt og hvorn\u00e5r kan vi forvente det?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/4bf73e1a736677d222292fb240093278.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><b>Lang OFDM-symbol<\/b><\/h4>\n<p>\nOFDM har fungeret i standarderne 802.11a\/g\/n\/ac i n\u00e6sten 20 \u00e5r uden \u00e6ndringer. If\u00f8lge standarden i en 20MHz bred kanal er der 64 underb\u00e6rere, der er adskilt med 312,5 kHz (20MHz\/64). Da industrien for halvledere i l\u00f8bet af denne tid er avanceret betydeligt, foresl\u00e5r 802.11ah en firedobling af underb\u00e6rerne til 256, med et interval mellem underb\u00e6rerne p\u00e5 78,125 kHz. L\u00e6ngden af OFDM-symbolet (tid) er en st\u00f8rrelse, der er omvendt proportional med frekvensen, og den vil derfor ogs\u00e5 blive for\u00f8get fire gange fra 3,2 \u03bcs til 12,8 \u03bcs. Denne forbedring vil \u00f8ge effektiviteten og p\u00e5lideligheden af datatransmission, is\u00e6r i \"outdoor\" WLAN.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Den nye standard 802.11ax (High Efficiency WLAN), hvad er nyt og hvorn\u00e5r kan vi forvente det?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/419a44a117fc1ec3668cb96606a397be.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Den nye standard 802.11ax (High Efficiency WLAN), hvad er nyt og hvorn\u00e5r kan vi forvente det?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/387221308864da403503298929f1ca0a.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/> <\/p>\n<h4><b>Udvidet r\u00e6kkevidde<\/b><\/h4>\n<p>\nDer er tilf\u00f8jet nye v\u00e6rdier for beskyttelsesintervaller mellem rammer, som nu kan v\u00e6re 1,6 \u00b5s og 3,2 \u00b5s for \"outdoor\" WLAN, mens intervallet for \"indoor\" er forblevet 0,8 \u00b5s. Det nye pakkeformat har en mere p\u00e5lidelig (l\u00e6ngere) pr\u00e6ambel. Alt det ovenst\u00e5ende vil g\u00f8re det muligt at opn\u00e5 op til 4 gange h\u00f8jere tilslutningshastighed ved netv\u00e6rksgr\u00e6nsen.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Den nye standard 802.11ax (High Efficiency WLAN), hvad er nyt og hvorn\u00e5r kan vi forvente det?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/52b4048a122395892e753fb1e2edb143.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/> <\/p>\n<h4><b>OFDMA DL\/UL (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access)<\/b><\/h4>\n<p>\nEn af de vigtigste \u00e6ndringer er implementeringen af OFDMA i stedet for OFDM. OFDMA-teknologien bruges i LTE-netv\u00e6rk og har vist sig at v\u00e6re meget effektiv. Forskellen er, at ved transmission i OFDM optager hele frekvenskanalen, og mens transmissionen er i gang, kan den n\u00e6ste klient ikke optage frekvensressourcen. I OFDMA l\u00f8ses dette problem ved at kanalen opdeles i underkanaler af forskellig bredde, de s\u00e5kaldte RU (Resource Units). I praksis betyder dette, at 256 underb\u00e6rer af en 20 MHz kanal kan opdeles i RU med 26 underb\u00e6rer hver. For hver RU kan der tildeles sit eget kodningsskema MCS samt transmissionsstyrke.<br \/>\nGenerelt vil dette medf\u00f8re en betydelig stigning i netv\u00e6rkets kapacitet generelt samt b\u00e5ndbredde til hver enkelt klient.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Den nye standard 802.11ax (High Efficiency WLAN), hvad er nyt og hvorn\u00e5r kan vi forvente det?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/10ec320ccd52e9689906cd1050fae12f.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Den nye standard 802.11ax (High Efficiency WLAN), hvad er nyt og hvorn\u00e5r kan vi forvente det?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ef07d56ff3145c1df555e78418366368.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><b>1024 QAM<\/b><\/h4>\n<p>\nDer er tilf\u00f8jet nye MCS (Modulation and Coding Sets) 10 og 11 for modulering 1024-QAM. Det vil sige, at \u00e9n symbol i dette skema vil overf\u00f8re 10 bits information, hvilket er en stigning p\u00e5 25% sammenlignet med 8 bits i 256-QAM.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Den nye standard 802.11ax (High Efficiency WLAN), hvad er nyt og hvorn\u00e5r kan vi forvente det?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ccb86190a62b645de5c1d3b879ddff29.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/> <\/p>\n<h4><b>TWT (Target Wake Time) \u2013 \"Up Link resource scheduling\"<\/b><\/h4>\n<p>\nEnergibesparende mekanisme, som har bevist sin v\u00e6rdi i standarden 802.11ah og nu er tilpasset i 802.11ax. TWT g\u00f8r det muligt for adgangspunkter at informere klienter om, hvorn\u00e5r de skal g\u00e5 i energibesparende tilstand, og giver en tidsplan for, hvorn\u00e5r de skal v\u00e5gne for at modtage eller sende information. Dette er meget korte tidsperioder, men muligheden for at sove i mange korte perioder vil have stor betydning for batterilevetiden. Reduktion af \"contention\" og kollisioner mellem klienter vil \u00f8ge tiden i energibesparende tilstand. Afh\u00e6ngig af trafiktype kan forbedringen i energiforbruget v\u00e6re mellem 65% og 95% (if\u00f8lge tester fra Broadcom). For IoT-enheder er underst\u00f8ttelse af TWT ekstremt vigtigt.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Den nye standard 802.11ax (High Efficiency WLAN), hvad er nyt og hvorn\u00e5r kan vi forvente det?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/0b06bbc6184eec0eb5f803b232ab44f1.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><b>BSS Color \u2013 Spatial Reuse<\/b><\/h4>\n<p>\nFor increasing the capacity of high-density WLAN networks, the frequency of channel resource reuse must be increased. To reduce the impact of neighboring BSS operating on the same channel, it is proposed to mark them using a \"color-bit.\" This will allow for dynamic adjustments to the CCA (clear channel assessment) sensitivity and transmitter power. The network capacity will increase due to the densification of the channel plan, while existing interference will have less impact on the selection of MCS.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Den nye standard 802.11ax (High Efficiency WLAN), hvad er nyt og hvorn\u00e5r kan vi forvente det?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/3c6764f39a83577809d9bfb07205cfd4.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>In connection with the upcoming update of security standards to <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/company\/globalsign\/blog\/415391\/\">WPA3<\/a><\/noindex>, not everyone will have the ability to address security issues with a simple software update, which is why Extreme Networks will present access points with hardware support for 802.11ah and WPA3 in the fourth quarter of 2018. <\/p>\n<p>Additionally about <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/post\/348472\/\">802.11ah<\/a><\/noindex>.<br \/>\n<br \/>Kilde: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/extremenetworks\/blog\/416327\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0432 2014 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0434 draft3.0. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432 802.11, \u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043c \u0432\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0443\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0442\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0418\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":86251,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-86250","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - 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