{"id":91646,"date":"2020-08-16T07:42:09","date_gmt":"2020-08-16T05:42:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-trablshutit-otechestvennyj-ipsec-vpn-chast-1"},"modified":"2020-08-16T07:42:09","modified_gmt":"2020-08-16T05:42:09","slug":"kak-trablshutit-otechestvennyj-ipsec-vpn-chast-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-trablshutit-otechestvennyj-ipsec-vpn-chast-1","title":{"rendered":"S\u00e5dan fejlfinder du indenlandsk IPsec VPN. Del 1","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"S\u00e5dan
\n<\/p>\n

Situation<\/h3>\n

\nUde. Jeg drikker kaffe. Studenten har opsat en VPN-forbindelse mellem to punkter og er forsvundet. Jeg tjekker: tunnelen er der faktisk, men der er ingen trafik i tunnelen. Studenten svarer ikke p\u00e5 opkaldene.<\/p>\n

Jeg s\u00e6tter kedlen over og dykker ned i fejlfinding af C-Terra Gateway. Jeg deler min erfaring og metode.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Kildedata<\/h3>\n

\nTo geografisk adskilte steder er forbundet med en GRE-tunnel. GRE skal krypteres:<\/p>\n

\"S\u00e5dan
\n
\nJeg tjekker funktionaliteten af GRE-tunnelen. For at g\u00f8re dette pinger jeg fra enhed R1 til GRE-interfacet p\u00e5 enhed R2. Dette er den m\u00e5lrettede trafik, der skal krypteres. Der er ingen svar:<\/p>\n

root@R1:~# ping 1.1.1.2 -c 4\nPING 1.1.1.2 (1.1.1.2) 56(84) bytes data.\n\n--- 1.1.1.2 ping-statistik ---\n4 pakker sendt, 0 modtaget, 100% pakke-tab, tid 3057ms<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nJeg ser p\u00e5 loggene p\u00e5 Gate1 og Gate2. Loggen rapporterer gladeligt, at IPsec-tunnelen er blevet oprettet, ingen problemer:<\/p>\n
root@Gate1:~# cat \/var\/log\/cspvpngate.log\n5. aug 16:14:23 localhost vpnsvc: 00100119  IPSec-forbindelse 5 etableret, trafikv\u00e6lger 172.17.0.1->172.16.0.1, proto 47, peer 10.10.10.251, id \"10.10.10.251\", Filter \nIPsec:Protect:CMAP:1:LIST, IPsecAction IPsecAction:CMAP:1, IKERule IKERule:CMAP:1<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nI statistikken for IPsec-tunnelen p\u00e5 Gate1 kan jeg se, at tunnelen faktisk er der, men R\u0441vd-t\u00e6lleren er nulstillet:<\/p>\n
root@Gate1:~# sa_mgr show\nISAKMP sessioner: 0 initieret, 0 besvaret\n\nISAKMP forbindelser:\nNum Conn-id (Lokal Addr,Port)-(Fjern Addr,Port) Status Sendt Modtaget\n1 3 (10.10.10.251,500)-(10.10.10.252,500) aktiv 1070 1014\n\nIPsec forbindelser:\nNum Conn-id (Lokal Addr,Port)-(Fjern Addr,Port) Protokol Handling Type Sendt Modtaget\n1 3 (172.16.0.1,*)-(172.17.0.1,*) 47 ESP tunn 480 0<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nJeg fejlfinder C-Terra s\u00e5ledes: jeg s\u00f8ger efter, hvor de m\u00e5lrettede pakker g\u00e5r tabt p\u00e5 vejen fra R1 til R2. Undervejs (spoiler) finder jeg en fejl.<\/p>\n
Fejlfinding<\/h3>\n
\nTrin 1. Hvad modtager Gate1 fra R1<\/b><\/p>\n
Jeg bruger den indbyggede pakkesniffer \u2013 tcpdump. Jeg starter snifferen p\u00e5 det interne (Gi0\/1 i Cisco-lignende notation eller eth1 i Debian OS notation) interface:<\/p>\n
root@Gate1:~# tcpdump -i eth1\n\ntcpdump: detaljeret output undertrykt, brug -v eller -vv for fuld protokol dekodning\nlytter p\u00e5 eth1, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), optagelsesst\u00f8rrelse 262144 bytes\n14:53:38.879525 IP 172.16.0.1 > 172.17.0.1: GREv0, key=0x1, l\u00e6ngde 92: IP 1.1.1.1 > 1.1.1.2: ICMP echo-anmodning, id 2083, sekvens 1, l\u00e6ngde 64\n14:53:39.896869 IP 172.16.0.1 > 172.17.0.1: GREv0, key=0x1, l\u00e6ngde 92: IP 1.1.1.1 > 1.1.1.2: ICMP echo-anmodning, id 2083, sekvens 2, l\u00e6ngde 64\n14:53:40.921121 IP 172.16.0.1 > 172.17.0.1: GREv0, key=0x1, l\u00e6ngde 92: IP 1.1.1.1 > 1.1.1.2: ICMP echo-anmodning, id 2083, sekvens 3, l\u00e6ngde 64\n14:53:41.944958 IP 172.16.0.1 > 172.17.0.1: GREv0, key=0x1, l\u00e6ngde 92: IP 1.1.1.1 > 1.1.1.2: ICMP echo-anmodning, id 2083, sekvens 4, l\u00e6ngde 64<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nJeg ser, at Gate1 modtager GRE-pakker fra R1. Jeg g\u00e5r videre.<\/p>\n
Trin 2. Hvad g\u00f8r Gate1 med GRE-pakkerne<\/b><\/p>\n
Med v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jet klogview ser jeg, hvad der sker med GRE-pakkerne indeni VPN<\/a> driveren C-Terra:<\/p>\n
root@Gate1:~# klogview -f 0xffffffff\n\nfiltreringsresultat for udpakke 172.16.0.1->172.17.0.1, proto 47, len 112, if eth0: k\u00e6de 4 \"IPsecPolicy:CMAP\", filter 8, h\u00e6ndelses id IPsec:Protect:CMAP:1:LIST, status PASS\nindkapslende med SA 31: 172.16.0.1->172.17.0.1, proto 47, len 112, if eth0\nbestod udpakke 10.10.10.251->10.10.10.252, proto 50, len 160, if eth0: indkapslet\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nJeg ser, at den m\u00e5lrettede GRE-trafik (proto 47) 172.16.0.1 -> 172.17.0.1 kom (PASS) under krypteringsreglen LIST i krypteringskortet CMAP og blev krypteret (encapsulated). Derefter blev pakken routet (passed out). Der er ingen svartrafik i klogview-outputtet.<\/p>\n
Jeg tjekker adgangslisten p\u00e5 enheden Gate1. Jeg ser \u00e9n adgangsliste LIST, der definerer m\u00e5lrettet trafik til kryptering, hvilket betyder, at der ikke er konfigureret IPsec-regler:<\/p>\n
Gate1#show access-lists\nExtended IP access list LIST\n    10 permit gre host 172.16.0.1 host 172.17.0.1<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nKonklusion: Problemet ligger ikke p\u00e5 enheden Gate1.<\/p>\n
Yderligere om klogview<\/b><\/p>\n
VPN-driveren h\u00e5ndterer al netv\u00e6rkstrafik, ikke kun den, der skal krypteres. S\u00e5danne meddelelser ses i klogview, hvis VPN-driveren har behandlet netv\u00e6rkstrafikken og sendt den i ukrypteret form:<\/p>\n
root@R1:~# ping 172.17.0.1 -c 4<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
root@Gate1:~# klogview -f 0xffffffff\n\nfiltreringsresultat for udpakke 172.16.0.1->172.17.0.1, proto 1, len 84, if eth0: k\u00e6de 4 \"IPsecPolicy:CMAP\": ingen match\nbestod udpakke 172.16.0.1->172.17.0.1, proto 1, len 84, if eth0: filtreret<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nJeg ser, at ICMP-trafik (proto 1) 172.16.0.1->172.17.0.1 ikke kom (no match) ind under krypteringsreglerne i krypteringskortet CMAP. Pakken blev routet (passed out) i \u00e5ben form.<\/p>\n
Trin 3. Hvad modtager Gate2 fra Gate1<\/b><\/p>\n
Jeg starter en sniffer p\u00e5 WAN (eth0) interfacet p\u00e5 Gate2:<\/p>\n
root@Gate2:~# tcpdump -i eth0\ntcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode\nlistening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes\n16:05:45.104195 IP 10.10.10.251 > 10.10.10.252: ESP(spi=0x30088112,seq=0x1), length 140\n16:05:46.093918 IP 10.10.10.251 > 10.10.10.252: ESP(spi=0x30088112,seq=0x2), length 140\n16:05:47.117078 IP 10.10.10.251 > 10.10.10.252: ESP(spi=0x30088112,seq=0x3), length 140\n16:05:48.141785 IP 10.10.10.251 > 10.10.10.252: ESP(spi=0x30088112,seq=0x4), length 140<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nJeg ser, at Gate2 modtager ESP-pakker fra Gate1.<\/p>\n
Trin 4. Hvad g\u00f8r Gate2 med ESP-pakkerne<\/b><\/p>\n
Jeg starter klogview-v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jet p\u00e5 Gate2:<\/p>\n
root@Gate2:~# klogview -f 0xffffffff\nfiltreringsresultat for indpakke 10.10.10.251->10.10.10.252, proto 50, len 160, if eth0: k\u00e6de 17 \"FilterChain:L3VPN\", filter 21, status DROP\nafviste indpakke 10.10.10.251->10.10.10.252, proto 50, len 160, if eth0: firewall\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nJeg ser, at ESP-pakkerne (proto 50) blev droppet (DROP) af reglen (L3VPN) i firewall'en. Jeg sikrer mig, at adgangslisten L3VPN virkelig er tilknyttet Gi0\/0:<\/p>\n
Gate2#show ip interface gi0\/0\nGigabitEthernet0\/0 is up, line protocol is up\n  Internet address is 10.10.10.252\/24\n  MTU is 1500 bytes\n  Outgoing access list is not set\n  Inbound  access list is L3VPN<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nProblemet er identificeret.<\/p>\n
Trin 5. Hvad er galt med adgangslisten
\n<\/b>
\nJeg ser, hvad adgangslisten L3VPN indeholder:<\/p>\n
Gate2#show access-list L3VPN\nExtended IP access list L3VPN\n    10 permit udp host 10.10.10.251 any eq isakmp\n    20 permit udp host 10.10.10.251 any eq non500-isakmp\n    30 permit icmp host 10.10.10.251 any<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nJeg kan se, at ISAKMP-pakker er tilladt, s\u00e5 IPsec-tunnelen oprettes. Der er derimod ikke noget tilladelsesregel for ESP. Det ser ud til, at eleven forvekslede icmp med esp.<\/p>\n
Jeg redigerer adgangslisten:<\/p>\n
Gate2(config)#\nip access-list extended L3VPN\nno 30\n30 permit esp host 10.10.10.251 any<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nTrin 6. Jeg kontrollerer funktionaliteten<\/b><\/p>\n
F\u00f8rst sikrer jeg mig, at adgangslisten L3VPN er korrekt:<\/p>\n
Gate2#show access-list L3VPN\nExtended IP access list L3VPN\n    10 permit udp host 10.10.10.251 any eq isakmp\n    20 permit udp host 10.10.10.251 any eq non500-isakmp\n    30 permit esp host 10.10.10.251 any<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nNu starter jeg den m\u00e5lrettede trafik fra enheden R1:<\/p>\n
root@R1:~# ping 1.1.1.2 -c 4\nPING 1.1.1.2 (1.1.1.2) 56(84) bytes of data.\n64 bytes from 1.1.1.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=35.3 ms\n64 bytes from 1.1.1.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=3.01 ms\n64 bytes from 1.1.1.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=2.65 ms\n64 bytes from 1.1.1.2: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=2.87 ms\n\n--- 1.1.1.2 ping statistics ---\n4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3006ms\nrtt min\/avg\/max\/mdev = 2.650\/10.970\/35.338\/14.069 ms<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nSejr. GRE-tunnelen er blevet oprettet. T\u00e6lleren for indg\u00e5ende trafik i IPsec-statistikken er ikke nul:<\/p>\n
root@Gate1:~# sa_mgr show\nISAKMP sessions: 0 initiated, 0 responded\n\nISAKMP connections:\nNum Conn-id (Local Addr,Port)-(Remote Addr,Port) State Sent Rcvd\n1 3 (10.10.10.251,500)-(10.10.10.252,500) active 1474 1350\n\nIPsec connections:\nNum Conn-id (Local Addr,Port)-(Remote Addr,Port) Protocol Action Type Sent Rcvd\n1 4 (172.16.0.1,*)-(172.17.0.1,*) 47 ESP tunn 1920 480<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nP\u00e5 gatewayen Gate2 er der kommet beskeder i klogview om, at den m\u00e5lrettede trafik 172.16.0.1->172.17.0.1 er blevet succesfuldt (PASS) dekrypteret (decapsulated) af reglen LIST i kryptokortet CMAP:<\/p>\n
root@Gate2:~# klogview -f 0xffffffff\nfiltreringsresultat for indpakke 172.16.0.1->172.17.0.1, proto 47, len 112, if eth0: k\u00e6de 18 \"IPsecPolicy:CMAP\", filter 25, h\u00e6ndelses id IPsec:Protect:CMAP:1:LIST, status PASS\nbestod indpakke 172.16.0.1->172.17.0.1, proto 47, len 112, if eth0: dekapslet<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nResum\u00e9<\/b><\/p>\n
Eleven har \u00f8delagt output. 
\nV\u00e6r forsigtig med M\u042d-reglerne.<\/p>\n
Anonym ingeni\u00f8r
\nt.me\/anonimous_engineer<\/i>
\n
Kilde: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0421\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0412\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439. \u041f\u044c\u044e \u043a\u043e\u0444\u0435. \u0421\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u043b VPN \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043c\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0437. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u044e: \u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043d\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0442. \u041d\u0430 \u0437\u0432\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044e \u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0448\u0443\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0421-\u0422\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0430 \u0428\u043b\u044e\u0437. \u0414\u0435\u043b\u044e\u0441\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0439. \u0418\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0414\u0432\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b GRE \u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c. GRE \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c: \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c GRE […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":91647,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-91646","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Hvordan man fejlfinder indf\u00f8dte IPsec VPN. 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