{"id":91969,"date":"2020-08-21T07:42:01","date_gmt":"2020-08-21T05:42:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/monitoring-postgresql-s-ispolzovaniem-zabbix"},"modified":"2020-08-21T07:42:01","modified_gmt":"2020-08-21T05:42:01","slug":"monitoring-postgresql-s-ispolzovaniem-zabbix","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/administrirovanie\/monitoring-postgresql-s-ispolzovaniem-zabbix","title":{"rendered":"Overv\u00e5gning af PostgreSQL med Zabbix","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Overv\u00e5gning af PostgreSQL med Zabbix\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/b17310212ae5dc4da0ca7d78312ca8ef.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<em>Darja Vilkovas rapport til Zabbix Meetup Online <\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Jeg vil gerne introducere jer for et overv\u00e5gningsv\u00e6rkt\u00f8j til PostgreSQL og operativsystemet, som vores virksomhed udvikler ved hj\u00e6lp af Zabbix. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Vi har valgt Zabbix som vores overv\u00e5gningsv\u00e6rkt\u00f8j for l\u00e6nge siden, da det er en open source-platform, der underst\u00f8ttes af et aktivt f\u00e6llesskab og er meget popul\u00e6r i Rusland. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Vi har skabt en aktiv agent \u2014 Mamonsu, som tilbyder mere fleksibel overv\u00e5gning, end hvad standardv\u00e6rkt\u00f8jerne kunne p\u00e5 det tidspunkt, og som muligg\u00f8r indsamling af metrikker og deres afsendelse til Zabbix Server. Mamonsu bruges i vores virksomhed til at udf\u00f8re revision.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"mamonsu\">Mamonsu<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Mamonsu er en aktiv agent (Zabbix Trapper) til overv\u00e5gning af PostgreSQL og operativsystemet. Mamonsu (skrevet i Python) g\u00f8r det muligt at konfigurere overv\u00e5gningsparametre for PostgreSQL og operativsystemet p\u00e5 fem minutter. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Mamonsu har ekstra v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jer:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>mamonsu tune \u2014 en kommando, der redigerer konfigurationsparametre i PostgreSQLs konfigurationsfil til den maskine, som Mamonsu-agenten er installeret p\u00e5. <\/li>\n<li>mamonsu report \u2014 en kommando, der genererer svar om operativsystemet og PostgreSQL.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Mamonsu installeres p\u00e5 DB-serveren, indsamler information, samler den i JSON, som sendes til visualisering p\u00e5 Zabbix Server, hvor der skal v\u00e6re en skabelon til dens metrikker.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Overv\u00e5gning af PostgreSQL med Zabbix\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/9d87556e4b31b27cb7698b32b5f1e2c4.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>Arbejdsdiagram for Mamonsu<\/em> <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"vozmozhnosti-mamonsu\">Mulighederne for Mamonsu<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Effektiv h\u00e5ndtering af PostgreSQL<\/strong>. Den vedvarende forbindelse til PostgreSQL er hovedfordelen ved Mamonsu. Samtidig er det maksimale antal forbindelser lig med det maksimale antal databaser, som den tilslutter sig.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Skalerbarhed<\/strong>. Mamonsu er en helt \"plugin-baseret\" agent, og takket v\u00e6re den faste struktur af hver plugin og den relative enkelhed ved Python, kan man let l\u00e6re at skrive nye eller redigere standardplugins, det vil sige indstillingsparametre for indsamling af metrikker.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bred d\u00e6kning af metrikker til overv\u00e5gning<\/strong> for PostgreSQL, herunder metrikker fra specifikke udvidelser. <\/li>\n<li>Hurtig ops\u00e6tning, <strong>tilg\u00e6ngelighed \"out of the box\"<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Eksport af skabeloner og konfigurationsfiler<\/strong>, samt upload til Zabbix Server.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Krydsplatform<\/strong>, hvilket er vigtigt for vores kunder, der bruger forskellige Linux-distributioner, herunder indenlandske.<\/li>\n<li><strong>BSD-licens<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>I \u00f8jeblikket tilbyder vi mange plugins, og i hver n\u00e6ste version fors\u00f8ger vi at tilf\u00f8je noget nyt.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>14 plugins til PostgreSQL, <\/li>\n<li>8 plugins til OS Linux,<\/li>\n<li>4 plugins til OS Windows.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Mamonsu indsamler mere end 110 metrics for PostgreSQL og operativsystemer:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>70 metrics for PostgreSQL,<\/li>\n<li>40 metrics for OS Linux,<\/li>\n<li>8 metrics for OS Windows.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>De prim\u00e6re metrics inkluderer tilg\u00e6ngelighed af databasen, antal forbindelser, databasest\u00f8rrelse, checkpoints, l\u00e6se-\/skrivehastighed, l\u00e5sninger, antal autovacuum-processer og hastighed ved generering af WAL. Den fulde liste over tilg\u00e6ngelige metrics samt en detaljeret beskrivelse af alle v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jer er tilg\u00e6ngelig p\u00e5 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/postgrespro\/mamonsu\">repository<\/a><\/noindex> GitHub-sitet. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Overv\u00e5gning af PostgreSQL med Zabbix\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/259cc7f1b6ab0cf137cef6b4e9a22c0f.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>Listen over tilg\u00e6ngelige metrics p\u00e5 GitHub-sitet<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"zapusk-mamonsu-za-5-minut\">K\u00f8rsel af Mamonsu p\u00e5 5 minutter<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ops\u00e6tning af overv\u00e5gning af PostgreSQL og operativsystemet med Mamonsu kan g\u00f8res p\u00e5 5 minutter ved at udf\u00f8re 5 enkle trin.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Installation af Mamonsu<\/strong>. Mamonsu kan samles fra kildekode eller bruge de tilg\u00e6ngelige pakker.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><code>$ git clone ... &amp;&amp; cd mamonsu &amp;&amp; python setup.py<\/code><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><code>build &amp;&amp; python setup.py install<\/code><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Ops\u00e6tning af forbindelser<\/strong>. Du skal angive forbindelsesparametre for PostgreSQL og Zabbix Server i filen agent.conf.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><code>\/etc\/mamonsu\/agent.conf<\/code><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Eksport af skabelon til Zabbix Server<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><code>$ mamonsu zabbix template export<\/code><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><code>\/usr\/share\/mamonsu\/example.xml<\/code><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Tilf\u00f8jelse af netv\u00e6rksnode til Zabbix Server<\/strong>. Den eksporterede skabelon vil automatisk blive tilsluttet den nye netv\u00e6rksnode p\u00e5 Zabbix Server.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><code>$ mamonsu zabbix host create mamonsu-demo<\/code><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>K\u00f8rsel<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><code>$ service mamonsu start<\/code><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"napravleniya-razvitiya-mamonsu\">Retningslinjer for udvikling af Mamonsu<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Som led i udviklingen af Mamonsu planl\u00e6gger vi at forbedre metrics og skabe nye plugins, s\u00e5som en plugin til overv\u00e5gning af st\u00f8rrelsen af individuelle tabeller. Vi planl\u00e6gger ogs\u00e5 at forbedre og skabe yderligere v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jer samt udvide funktionaliteten ved automatisk ops\u00e6tning gennem kommandoen <strong>mamonsu tune<\/strong>. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"modul-monitoringa-postgresql-v-sostave-zabbix-agent-2\">Monitoring module for PostgreSQL under Zabbix Agent 2<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Til forbindelsen til PostgreSQL anvendes en hurtig og popul\u00e6r driver <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/jackc\/pgx\">pgx<\/a><\/noindex> (PG driver and toolkit for Go).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Indtil videre bruger vi to interface: Exporter, der kalder handleren via n\u00f8gle, og Configurator Zabbix Agent 2, som l\u00e6ser og kontrollerer forbindelsesparametrene til serveren angivet i konfigurationsfilen.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Vi har fors\u00f8gt at optimere databasearbejdet ved at gruppere metrics og bruge en handler til metrics og grupper af metrics, samt ved at bruge grupper af metrics i JSON som afh\u00e6ngige variabler (dependency items) og lav-niveau opdagelse (discovery rules). <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"osnovnye-vozmozhnosti\">Grundl\u00e6ggende funktioner<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>opretholdelse af en konstant forbindelse til PostgreSQL mellem kontrollerne; <\/li>\n<li>support for fleksible foresp\u00f8rgselsintervaller; <\/li>\n<li>kompatibilitet med PostgreSQL-versioner fra 10 og Zabbix Server fra version 4.4;<\/li>\n<li>muligheden for at forbinde og overv\u00e5ge flere PostgreSQL-instanser samtidigt, da Zabbix Agent 2 g\u00f8r det muligt at oprette flere sessioner.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"urovni-parametrov-podklyucheniya-k-postgresql\">Forbindelsesparametre til PostgreSQL-niveauer<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Der er i alt tre niveauer af forbindelsesparametre til PostgreSQL, dvs. opgaver og indstillinger:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Global,<\/li>\n<li>Sessions,<\/li>\n<li>Macros.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>Global-parametre indstilles p\u00e5 agentniveau, mens Session- og Macros-parametrene definerer forbindelseparametrene til databasen.<\/p>\n<p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Forbindelsesparametre til PostgreSQL - Sessions indstilles i filen <strong>zabbix_agent2.conf<\/strong>. <\/p>\n<p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Overv\u00e5gning af PostgreSQL med Zabbix\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/d88abf88cb106e81f0e7eb23a1d4a193.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>Forbindelsesparametre til PostgreSQL - Sessions<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Efter n\u00f8gleordet <strong>Sessions<\/strong> angives et unikt sessionsnavn, som skal angives i n\u00f8glen (skabelonen). <\/li>\n<li>Parametre <strong>URI<\/strong> og <strong>UserName<\/strong> er obligatoriske for hver session. <\/li>\n<li>Hvis databases navnet ikke er angivet, bruges det f\u00e6lles standarddatabase-navn for alle sessioner til PostgreSQL, som ogs\u00e5 er angivet i konfigurationsfilen.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Forbindelsesparametre til PostgreSQL - Macros angives i metricsn\u00f8glen i skabelonen (analogt med metoden anvendt i Zabbix Agent 1), dvs. oprettes i skabelonen og derefter angives som parametre i n\u00f8glen. Her er r\u00e6kkef\u00f8lgen af makroer fast, dvs. for eksempel <strong>URI<\/strong> angives altid f\u00f8rst.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Overv\u00e5gning af PostgreSQL med Zabbix\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/3918b9de0118f901e916542f955bd17b.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>Forbindelsesparametre til PostgreSQL - Macros<\/em> <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL-overv\u00e5gningsmodulet inkluderer allerede over 95 metrikker, som g\u00f8r det muligt at d\u00e6kke et ret bredt spektrum af PostgreSQL-parametre, herunder:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>antal forbindelser,<\/li>\n<li>databasevolumen, <\/li>\n<li>arkivering af wal-filer,<\/li>\n<li>kontrolpunkter,<\/li>\n<li>antal 'oppustede' tabeller,<\/li>\n<li>replikationsstatus,<\/li>\n<li>eftersl\u00e6b af replikation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL-metrikker er ikke informative uden operativsystemets parametre. Men Zabbix Agent 2 kan allerede indsamle operativsystemets parametre, s\u00e5 for at f\u00e5 et fuldt billede tilslutter vi blot de n\u00f8dvendige skabeloner til netv\u00e6rksnoden.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"obrabotchik-handler\">Handler<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Handler - den prim\u00e6re enhed i modulet, hvor foresp\u00f8rgslen udf\u00f8res, og som g\u00f8r det muligt at f\u00e5 metrikker.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>For at f\u00e5 en simpel metrik:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Opret en fil for at f\u00e5 den nye metrik:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>zabbix\/src\/go\/plugins\/postgres\/handler_uptime.go<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Forbind pakken og angiv en unik n\u00f8gle (n\u00f8gler) for metrikkerne:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Overv\u00e5gning af PostgreSQL med Zabbix\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/692acc55377c18ee37a9e1d426ebeccb.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Opret en handler med foresp\u00f8rgslen, dvs. initialiser en variabel, hvor resultatet vil blive gemt:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Overv\u00e5gning af PostgreSQL med Zabbix\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/79e10e34edb78942acb6a264896be12d.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Udf\u00f8r foresp\u00f8rgslen:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Overv\u00e5gning af PostgreSQL med Zabbix\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/b7555bba37978302337ea0093dd1bb5c.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Det er n\u00f8dvendigt at kontrollere foresp\u00f8rgslen for fejl, hvorefter resultatet vil blive overtaget af processen Zabbix Agent 2. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Registrer n\u00f8glen for den nye metrik:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Overv\u00e5gning af PostgreSQL med Zabbix\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/63256811903feacc5cf88e0a272aebd9.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>N\u00e5r du har registreret dine metrics, kan du genkompilere agenten med den nye metric.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Modulet er tilg\u00e6ngeligt fra Zabbix 5.0 p\u00e5 hjemmesiden <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zabbix.com\/download\">https:\/\/www.zabbix.com\/download<\/a><\/noindex>. I denne version angives Zabbix-parametre separat via host og port. I version Zabbix 5.0.2, som snart vil blive udgivet, vil forbindelsesparametre blive samlet i en enkelt URI.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Tak for din opm\u00e6rksomhed! <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"poleznye-ssylki\">Nyttige links<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/postgrespro\/mamonsu\">GitHub Mamonsu<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/postgrespro.ru\/docs\/postgrespro\/11\/mamonsu\">Dokumentation til Mamonsu<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.zabbix.com\/projects\/ZBX\/repos\/zabbix\/browse\/src\/go\/plugins\/postgres\">Zabbix Git<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Kilde: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/zabbix\/blog\/515816\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0414\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u0414\u0430\u0440\u044c\u0438 \u0412\u0438\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f Zabbix Meetup Online \u042f \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430 PostgreSQL \u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c Zabbix. \u041c\u044b \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438 Zabbix \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 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[&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":91970,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-91969","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0414\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u0414\u0430\u0440\u044c\u0438 \u0412\u0438\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f Zabbix Meetup.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/administrirovanie\/monitoring-postgresql-s-ispolzovaniem-zabbix\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All 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