{"id":94658,"date":"2020-09-19T13:42:15","date_gmt":"2020-09-19T11:42:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/red-hat-razvivaet-novuyu-fs-nvfs-effektivnuyu-dlya-nvm-pamyati"},"modified":"2020-09-19T13:42:15","modified_gmt":"2020-09-19T11:42:15","slug":"red-hat-razvivaet-novuyu-fs-nvfs-effektivnuyu-dlya-nvm-pamyati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/da\/blog\/news\/red-hat-razvivaet-novuyu-fs-nvfs-effektivnuyu-dlya-nvm-pamyati","title":{"rendered":"Red Hat udvikler et nyt filsystem NVFS, effektivt til NVM-hukommelse","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Mikulash Pato\u010dka, en af udviklerne af LVM og forfatter til en r\u00e6kke opfindelser<\/a><\/noindex>, der er relateret til optimering af lagersystemers funktionalitet, arbejder hos Red Hat, den<\/a><\/noindex> i mailinglisten for Linux-kerneludviklere pr\u00e6senterede han et nyt filsystem NVFS<\/a><\/noindex>, der sigter mod at skabe et kompakt og hurtigt filsystem til chips med ikke-flygtig hukommelse (NVM, non-volatile memory, som f.eks. NVDIMM), der kombinerer RAM-ydeevne med muligheden for permanent datalagring. <\/p>\n

Ved udviklingen af NVFS er erfaringerne fra filsystemet NOVA<\/a><\/noindex>, der blev skabt i 2017 specielt til NVM-hukommelse, men ikke blev accepteret i Linux-kernen og begr\u00e6nset<\/a><\/noindex> underst\u00f8ttelse af kerner fra Linux 4.13 til 5.1.
\nDet foresl\u00e5ede filsystem NVFS er betydeligt enklere end NOVA (4972 kodelinjer mod 21459), tilbyder et fsck-v\u00e6rkt\u00f8j, har h\u00f8jere ydeevne, underst\u00f8tter udvidede attributter (xattrs), sikkerhedsmark\u00f8rer, ACL og kvoter, men underst\u00f8tter ikke snapshots. Arkitekturen<\/a><\/noindex> NVFS ligner
\nfilsystemet Ext4 og passer godt ind i modellen for filsystemer baseret p\u00e5 VFS-subsystemet, hvilket minimerer antallet af lag og g\u00f8r det muligt at fungere med et modul, der ikke kr\u00e6ver patching af kernen.<\/p>\n

NVFS bruger kernegr\u00e6nsefladen DAX<\/a><\/noindex> til direkte adgang til enheder med ikke-flygtig hukommelse uden at g\u00e5 gennem sidecache. For at optimere arbejdet med NVM-hukommelse, hvor byteadressering anvendes, afspejles indholdet af lageret i kerne-adresseomr\u00e5det uden brug af det traditionelle blokenhedsniveau og mellemliggende cache. For at lagre katalogindholdet anvendes et radix-tr\u00e6,<\/a><\/noindex> hvor hvert filnavn hashes, og hash-v\u00e6rdien bruges til at s\u00f8ge i tr\u00e6et.<\/p>\n

Dataintegriteten sikres ved hj\u00e6lp af mekanismen \u00absoft updates<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb (ligesom i UFS fra FreeBSD og i FFS fra OpenBSD) uden brug af journaling. For at undg\u00e5 filskader i NVFS grupperes datamodifikationsoperationer s\u00e5ledes, at et nedbrud ikke kan f\u00f8re til tab af blokke eller inode, og strukturel integritet genoprettes ved hj\u00e6lp af v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jet fsck. V\u00e6rkt\u00f8jet fsck k\u00f8rer i flertr\u00e5det tilstand og sikrer en ydeevne p\u00e5 niveau med 1,6 millioner inode pr. sekund.<\/p>\n

I ydelsestests<\/a><\/noindex> NVFS har udf\u00f8rt en kopieringsoperation af samtidig tr\u00e6 med kernen i Linux-tekster i NVM-hukommelsen omkring 10% hurtigere end NOVA, 30% hurtigere end ext4 og 37% hurtigere end XFS. I testen for datal\u00e6sning var FS NVFS 3% hurtigere end NOVA, og 15% hurtigere end ext4 og XFS (men under aktiv diskbuffer var NOVA 15% langsommere).
\nI testen med en million operationer med kataloger overgik NVFS NOVA med 40%, ext4 med 22% og XFS med 46%. Under simuleringen af DB-aktivitet overgik filsystemet NVFS NOVA med 20%, ext4 med 18 gange og XFS med 5 gange. I fs_mark testen var resultaterne for NVFS og NOVA p\u00e5 omtrent samme niveau, mens ext4 og XFS l\u00e5 omkring 3 gange bagud.<\/p>\n

Forsinkelsen af traditionelle filsystemer i NVM-hukommelsen skyldes, at de ikke er designet til byteadressering, som anvendes i ikke-flygtig hukommelse, der opf\u00f8rer sig som almindelig RAM. L\u00e6sning fra almindelige lagringsenheder sikrer atomicitet i operationer p\u00e5 niveauet for l\u00e6sning\/skrivning af sektorer, mens NVM-hukommelse giver adgang p\u00e5 niveauet for individuelle maskinord. Derudover fors\u00f8ger traditionelle filsystemer at reducere intensiteten af adgangen til mediet, som betragtes som generelt langsommere end RAM, samt pr\u00f8ver at gruppere operationer for at muligg\u00f8re sekventiel l\u00e6sning ved anvendelse af harddiske, behandle anmodningsk\u00f8er, bek\u00e6mpe fragmentering og opdele prioriteterne for forskellige operationer. For NVM-hukommelse er s\u00e5danne kompleksiteter un\u00f8dvendige, da hastigheden for dataadgang er sammenlignelig med RAM, og r\u00e6kkef\u00f8lgen af adgang er ligegyldig.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Kilde: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041c\u0438\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0448 \u041f\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 (Mikuláš Patočka), \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 LVM \u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Red Hat, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0432 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 NVFS, \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0424\u0421 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 (NVM, non-volatile memory, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 NVDIMM), \u0441\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u041e\u0417\u0423 \u0441 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-94658","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Red Hat udvikler det nye NVFS-filsystem, der er effektivt for NVM-hukommelse | ProHoster","description":"Mikul\u00e1\u0161 Pato\u010dka, en af udviklerne af LVM og forfatter til en r\u00e6kke opfindelser relateret til 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