{"id":104807,"date":"2022-08-10T15:37:46","date_gmt":"2022-08-10T13:37:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-5"},"modified":"2022-08-10T15:37:46","modified_gmt":"2022-08-10T13:37:46","slug":"vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/de\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-5","title":{"rendered":"Ver\u00f6ffentlichung des Paketfilters nftables 1.0.5","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Die Ver\u00f6ffentlichung der Paketfilter nftables 1.0.5 wurde bekannt gegeben, die die Schnittstellen zur Paketfilterung f\u00fcr IPv4, IPv6, ARP und Netzwerkbr\u00fccken vereinheitlicht (zielt darauf ab, iptables, ip6table, arptables und ebtables zu ersetzen). Gleichzeitig wurde die Ver\u00f6ffentlichung der begleitenden Bibliothek libnftnl 1.2.3 ver\u00f6ffentlicht, die eine niedrigstufige API zur Interaktion mit dem nf_tables-Subsystem bietet.       <\/p>\n<p>Das Paket nftables umfasst Komponenten des Paketfilters, die im Benutzermodus arbeiten, w\u00e4hrend auf Kernel-Ebene das Subsystem nf_tables, das seit Version 3.13 Teil des Linux-Kernels ist, die Arbeit bereitstellt. Auf Kernel-Ebene wird nur eine allgemeine Schnittstelle bereitgestellt, die unabh\u00e4ngig vom spezifischen Protokoll ist und grundlegende Funktionen zum Extrahieren von Daten aus Paketen, Ausf\u00fchren von Datenoperationen und Steuern des Flusses bietet.    <\/p>\n<p>Die eigentlichen Filterregeln und protokollspezifischen Handler werden im Benutzermodus in Bytecode kompiliert, danach wird dieser Bytecode \u00fcber die Netlink-Schnittstelle in den Kernel geladen und dort in einem speziellen <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/de\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"virtuellen Maschine\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4326\">virtuellen Maschine<\/a>, der an BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters) erinnert, ausgef\u00fchrt. Dieser Ansatz erm\u00f6glicht es, die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe des im Kernel arbeitenden Filtercodes erheblich zu reduzieren und alle Funktionen zur Regel-Parsing und zur Logik der Protokollverarbeitung in den Benutzermodus auszulagern.    <\/p>\n<p>Haupt\u00e4nderungen:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Im Regeln-Optimierer, der bei der Angabe der Option &#171;-o\/&#8212;optimize&#187; aufgerufen wird, wurden Probleme mit dem Zusammenf\u00fchren von Regeln, Map- und Set-Listen behoben.          # cat ruleset.nft       table ip x {              chain y {                      type nat hook postrouting priority srcnat; policy drop;                      ip saddr 1.1.1.1 tcp dport 8000 snat to 4.4.4.4:80                      ip saddr 2.2.2.2 tcp dport 8001 snat to 5.5.5.5:90              }       }         # nft -o -c -f ruleset.nft       Zusammenf\u00fchren:       ruleset.nft:4:3-52:                ip saddr 1.1.1.1 tcp dport 8000 snat to 4.4.4.4:80       ruleset.nft:5:3-52:                ip saddr 2.2.2.2 tcp dport 8001 snat to 5.5.5.5:90       in:              snat to ip saddr . tcp dport map { 1.1.1.1 . 8000 : 4.4.4.4 . 80, 2.2.2.2 . 8001 : 5.5.5.5 . 90 }\n<li class=\"l\"> Bei der Zusammenf\u00fchrung von Ethernet- und VLAN-Elementen wurde die Definition einer dynamischen Set-Liste erm\u00f6glicht, die auf den Paketpfadparametern basiert.         add table netdev x       add chain netdev x y { type filter hook ingress device enp0s25 priority 0;   }       add set netdev x macset { typeof ether daddr . vlan id; flags   dynamic,timeout; }       add rule netdev x y update @macset { ether daddr . vlan id timeout 60s }            add rule netdev x y ether saddr . vlan id { 0a:0b:0c:0d:0e:0f . 42,   0a:0b:0c:0d:0e:0f . 4095 } counter accept\n<li class=\"l\"> Die Anzeige von Regeln mit Map-Listen, die Masken in den Schnittstellennamen enthalten, wurde optimiert.         table inet filter {          chain INPUT {              iifname vmap {                  &#171;eth0&#187; : jump input_lan,                  &#171;wg*&#187; : jump input_vpn              }          }          chain input_lan {}          chain input_vpn {}       }\n<li class=\"l\"> Regressive \u00c4nderungen, die zu einer falschen lexikalischen Analyse g\u00fcltiger Regeln f\u00fchrten, wurden behoben.\n<li class=\"l\"> Probleme mit der langsamen Verarbeitung und dem automatischen Merging von gro\u00dfen Listen mit Elementen, die Wertebereiche definieren, wurden behoben.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ein Absturz beim Hinzuf\u00fcgen von Elementen zu einer ung\u00fcltigen Set-Liste wurde behoben.    <\/ul>\n<p>Quelle: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=57619\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e 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\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0439 API \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 nf_tables. \u0412 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 nftables \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-104807","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 1.0.5, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, 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