{"id":35721,"date":"2019-10-31T22:05:57","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:05:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/minimalnaya-ustanovka-centos-fedora-redhat\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:05:57","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:05:57","slug":"minimalnaya-ustanovka-centos-fedora-redhat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/de\/blog\/administrirovanie\/minimalnaya-ustanovka-centos-fedora-redhat","title":{"rendered":"Minimale Installation von CentOS\/Fedora\/RedHat","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ich zweifle nicht daran, dass die edlen Herren \u2013 Administratoren von Linux \u2013 bestrebt sind, die Anzahl der auf dem Server installierten Pakete auf ein Minimum zu reduzieren. Das ist kosteng\u00fcnstiger, sicherer und vermittelt dem Administrator ein Gef\u00fchl von vollst\u00e4ndiger Kontrolle und Verst\u00e4ndnis der ablaufenden Prozesse.<\/p>\n<p>Daher sieht das typische Szenario einer Ersteinrichtung des Betriebssystems so aus, dass die minimalste Variante gew\u00e4hlt wird, gefolgt von der Auff\u00fcllung mit notwendigen Paketen.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Minimale Installation von CentOS\/Fedora\/RedHat\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/bbd5f8f96a8c642ce48f810e9ea931a8.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nAllerdings ist die minimale Option, die der CentOS-Installer anbietet, nicht ganz so minimal. Es gibt einen Weg, die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe der anf\u00e4nglichen Systeminstallation auf die standardm\u00e4\u00dfig dokumentierte Weise zu reduzieren.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nWenn man das Betriebssystem CentOS verwendet, entdeckt man fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter, wie man die Installation mithilfe des Kickstart-Mechanismus automatisieren kann. Ich installiere CentOS schon seit langem nicht mehr mit dem Standard-Installer. Im Laufe der Arbeit hat sich ein ausreichend gro\u00dfer Arsenal an Kickstart-Konfigurationsdateien angesammelt, die es erm\u00f6glichen, Systeme automatisch bereitzustellen, einschlie\u00dflich auf LVM, in Krypto-Partitionen, mit minimalem GUI usw.<\/p>\n<p>In irgendeinem der Releases der 7. Version hatte RedHat eine erstaunliche Option in Kickstart hinzugef\u00fcgt, die es erm\u00f6glicht, das Installations-Image des Systems noch weiter zu minimieren:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>&#8212;nocore<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Deaktiviert die Installation der <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/users\/core\/\" class=\"user_link\">Kern<\/a><\/noindex> Paketgruppe, die standardm\u00e4\u00dfig immer installiert wird. Das Deaktivieren der <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/users\/core\/\" class=\"user_link\">Kern<\/a><\/noindex> Die Paketgruppe sollte ausschlie\u00dflich zur Erstellung leichter Container verwendet werden; die Installation eines Desktop- oder Serversystems mit &#8212;nocore f\u00fchrt zu einem unbrauchbaren System.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> RedHat warnt ehrlich vor den m\u00f6glichen Folgen der Verwendung dieser Option, trotzdem best\u00e4tigen Jahre meiner Nutzung in einer realen Umgebung deren Stabilit\u00e4t und Anwendbarkeit.<\/p>\n<p>Im Folgenden ein Beispiel f\u00fcr eine kickstart-Datei f\u00fcr eine minimalste Installation. Wagemutige k\u00f6nnen yum davon ausschlie\u00dfen. Seien Sie auf \u00dcberraschungen vorbereitet:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"actionscript\">install\ntext\n\nurl --url=\"http:\/\/server\/centos\/7\/os\/x86_64\/\"\n\neula --agreed\nfirstboot --disable\n\nkeyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us'\nlang de_DE.UTF-8\ntimezone Europa\/Berlin\n\nauth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512\nrootpw --plaintext ***\n\nignoredisk --only-use=sda\n\nzerombr\nbootloader --location=mbr\nclearpart --all --initlabel\n\npart \/boot\/efi --fstype=\"efi\" --size=100 --fsoptions=\"umask=0077,shortname=winnt\"\npart \/ --fstype=\"ext4\" --size=1 --grow\n\nnetwork --bootproto=dhcp --hostname=localhost --onboot=on --activate\n\n#reboot\npoweroff\n\n%packages --nocore --nobase --excludedocs\nyum\n\n%end\n\ndon com_redhat_kdump --disable\n\n%end\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nIch m\u00f6chte darauf hinweisen, dass CentOS\/RedHat in der Interpretation der Option gegen\u00fcber Fedora nachsichtiger ist. Letzteres wird das System so stark entbl\u00f6\u00dfen, dass eine erneute Installation mit dem Hinzuf\u00fcgen lebenswichtiger Dienstprogramme erforderlich ist.<\/p>\n<p>Als Bonus pr\u00e4sentiere ich einen \"Befehl\" zur Installation einer minimalen grafischen Umgebung in CentOS\/RedHat (Version 7):<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">yum -y groupinstall x11\nyum -y install gnome-classic-session\nsystemctl set-default graphical.target\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nSowohl das minimale Abbild des Betriebssystems als auch die minimale grafische Umgebung habe ich getestet und sie funktionieren auf realen Systemen.<br \/>\n<br \/>Quelle: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/457680\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0441\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043d\u044b \u2014 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b Linux \u2014 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043e\u0449\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430, \u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u2014 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e, \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c CentOS, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":26761,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35721","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041d\u0435 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