{"id":37278,"date":"2019-10-31T22:16:45","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:16:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-2\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:16:45","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:16:45","slug":"vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/de\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-2","title":{"rendered":"Ver\u00f6ffentlichung des Paketfilters nftables 0.9.2","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/marc.info\/?l=netfilter&#038;m=156621590113089&#038;w=2\">Hat stattgefunden<\/a><\/noindex> Freigabe des Paketfilters <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/netfilter.org\/projects\/nftables\/\">nftables 0.9.2<\/a><\/noindex>, das sich als Ersatz f\u00fcr iptables, ip6tables, arptables und ebtables entwickelt, indem die Schnittstellen zur Paketfilterung f\u00fcr IPv4, IPv6, ARP und Br\u00fcckenvereinheitlicht werden. Das Paket nftables umfasst Komponenten des Paketfilters, die im Benutzerspace arbeiten, w\u00e4hrend auf der Kernel-Ebene das nf_tables-Subsystem arbeitet, das seit der Version 3.13 des Linux-Kernels enthalten ist. Die f\u00fcr den Betrieb von nftables 0.9.2 erforderlichen \u00c4nderungen sind in den Linux-Kernel 5.3 integriert.<\/p>\n<p>Im Kernel wird lediglich eine allgemeine Schnittstelle bereitgestellt, die unabh\u00e4ngig vom spezifischen Protokoll ist und grundlegende Funktionen zum Extrahieren von Daten aus Paketen, zur Durchf\u00fchrung von Datenoperationen und zur Steuerung des Flusses bereitstellt. Die Logik der Filterung und die spezifischen Protokoll-Handler werden in Bytecode im Benutzerspeicher kompiliert, der dann \u00fcber die Netlink-Schnittstelle in den Kernel geladen und in einer speziellen virtuellen Maschine ausgef\u00fchrt wird, die an BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters) erinnert. Dieser Ansatz erm\u00f6glicht es, die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe des im Kernel arbeitenden Filtercodes erheblich zu reduzieren und alle Funktionen zur Regelparser und zur Logik der Protokollverarbeitung in den Benutzerspeicher auszulagern.<\/p>\n<p>Hauptneuheiten:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> M\u00f6glichkeit zur \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Portnummer aus dem Header des Transportschichtpakets unabh\u00e4ngig vom Protokolltyp der Schicht 4:\n<p>   add rule x y ip protocol { tcp, udp } th dport 53<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Unterst\u00fctzung der Wiederherstellung der Lebensdauer von Elementen:\n<p>   add element ip x y { 1.1.1.1 timeout 30s expires 15s }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> M\u00f6glichkeit zur \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung einzelner Optionen (lsrr, rr, ssrr und ra) aus IPv4-Paketen:\n<p>   add rule x y ip option rr exists drop<\/p>\n<p>F\u00fcr Routing-Optionen ist eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Felder Typ, ptr, L\u00e4nge und addr m\u00f6glich:<\/p>\n<p>   add rule x y ip option rr type 1 drop<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> In Ausdr\u00fccken ist jetzt die Angabe von Netzwerkpr\u00e4fixen und Adressbereichen zul\u00e4ssig:\n<p>   iifname ens3 snat to 10.0.0.0\/28<br \/>\n   iifname ens3 snat to 10.0.0.1-10.0.0.15<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Unterst\u00fctzung der Verwendung von Variablen in der Definition von Ketten:\n<p>    define default_policy = accept<br \/>\n    add chain ip foo bar { type filter hook input priority filter; policy $default_policy }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Die Angabe der Priorit\u00e4t einer Kette kann jetzt sowohl numerisch als auch symbolisch erfolgen:\n<p>    define prio = filter<br \/>\n    define prionum = 10<br \/>\n    definiere prioffset = \u00abfilter \u2014 150\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>    add table ip foo<br \/>\n    add chain ip foo bar { type filter hook input priority $prio; }<br \/>\n    add chain ip foo ber { type filter hook input priority $prionum; }<br \/>\n    add chain ip foo bor { type filter hook input priority $prioffset; }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Die Unterst\u00fctzung des Moduls synproxy wurde implementiert. Um zum Beispiel den TCP-Port 8888 unter den Schutz von synproxy zu stellen, k\u00f6nnen Sie die folgende Regel verwenden:\n<p>    table ip x {<br \/>\n            chain y {<br \/>\n                    type filter hook prerouting priority raw; policy accept;<br \/>\n                    tcp dport 8888 tcp flags syn notrack<br \/>\n            }<\/p>\n<p>            chain z {<br \/>\n                    type filter hook forward priority filter; policy accept;<br \/>\n                    tcp dport 8888 ct zustand ung\u00fcltig, ungesch\u00fctzt synproxy mss 1460 \\<br \/>\n                       wscale 7 timestamp sack-perm ct state invalid drop<br \/>\n            }<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Um in der Tabelle conntrack die mit der aktuellen Verbindung erwarteten zus\u00e4tzlichen Verbindungen zu definieren, die in Protokollen und Szenarien mit mehreren Verbindungsanforderungen verwendet werden, k\u00f6nnen jetzt Richtlinien \u00fcber die Standardregelsets definiert werden. Zum Beispiel k\u00f6nnen Sie die folgenden Regeln angeben, um die nach der Verbindung zu TCP-Port 8888 erwarteten anschlie\u00dfenden Verbindungen zu Port 5432 zu definieren:\n<p>        table x {<br \/>\n                ct expectation myexpect {<br \/>\n                        protocol tcp<br \/>\n                        dport 5432<br \/>\n                        timeout 1h<br \/>\n                        size 12<br \/>\n                        l3proto ip<br \/>\n                }<\/p>\n<p>                chain input {<br \/>\n                        type filter hook input priority 0;<br \/>\n                        ct state new tcp dport 8888 ct expectation set myexpect<br \/>\n                        ct state established,related counter accept<br \/>\n                }<br \/>\n        }<\/p>\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Quelle: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51312\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 0.9.2, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b iptables, ip6table, arptables \u0438 ebtables \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0412 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 nftables \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 nf_tables, \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37278","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/de\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-2\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 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