{"id":38615,"date":"2019-10-31T22:24:52","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:24:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/assotsiatsii-provajderov-ssha-vystupili-protiv-tsentralizatsii-pri-vnedrenii-dns-over-https\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:24:52","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:24:52","slug":"assotsiatsii-provajderov-ssha-vystupili-protiv-tsentralizatsii-pri-vnedrenii-dns-over-https","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/de\/blog\/news\/assotsiatsii-provajderov-ssha-vystupili-protiv-tsentralizatsii-pri-vnedrenii-dns-over-https","title":{"rendered":"US-Anbieterverb\u00e4nde haben sich gegen die Zentralisierung der Implementierung von DNS-over-HTTPS ausgesprochen","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Handelsverb\u00e4nde NCTA<\/a><\/noindex>, CTIA<\/a><\/noindex> und USTelecom<\/a><\/noindex>, die die Interessen von Internetanbietern vertreten, wandten sich<\/a><\/noindex> An den Kongress der USA mit der Bitte, auf das Problem der Einf\u00fchrung von \u201eDNS \u00fcber HTTPS\u201c (DoH, DNS over HTTPS) aufmerksam zu machen und Google um detaillierte Informationen zu den aktuellen und zuk\u00fcnftigen Pl\u00e4nen zur Implementierung von DoH in seinen Produkten zu bitten, sowie ein gr\u00f6\u00dferes Engagement zu erhalten, zentrale Verarbeitung von DNS-Abfragen in Chrome und Android nicht standardm\u00e4\u00dfig zu aktivieren, ohne zuvor umfassend mit anderen Vertretern des \u00d6kosystems zu diskutieren und m\u00f6gliche negative Auswirkungen zu ber\u00fccksichtigen.<\/p>\n

In der Erkenntnis, dass Verschl\u00fcsselung f\u00fcr DNS-Datenverkehr insgesamt n\u00fctzlich ist, halten die Verb\u00e4nde es f\u00fcr inakzeptabel, die Kontrolle \u00fcber die Namensaufl\u00f6sung in einer Hand zu konzentrieren und dieses Standardverfahren an zentrale DNS-Dienste zu binden. Insbesondere wird behauptet, dass Google darauf hinarbeitet, DoH standardm\u00e4\u00dfig in Android und Chrome zu implementieren, was bei einer Bindung an die Google-Server den dezentralen Charakter der DNS-Infrastruktur gef\u00e4hrden und einen einzigen Ausfallpunkt schaffen w\u00fcrde.<\/p>\n

Da Chrome und Android auf dem Markt dominieren, w\u00fcrde Google im Fall der Durchsetzung eigener DoH-Server die Kontrolle \u00fcber einen Gro\u00dfteil des Benutzer-DNS-Anfragenverkehrs erhalten. Neben der Verringerung der Zuverl\u00e4ssigkeit der Infrastruktur w\u00fcrde dieser Schritt Google auch ungerechtfertigte Vorteile gegen\u00fcber Wettbewerbern verschaffen, da das Unternehmen zus\u00e4tzliche Informationen \u00fcber das Nutzerverhalten erhalten k\u00f6nnte, die zur Nachverfolgung der Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nutzern und zur gezielten Werbung verwendet werden k\u00f6nnen. <\/p>\n

Die Anwendung von DoH k\u00f6nnte auch in Bereichen wie Kinderschutzsystemen, Zugriff auf interne Namensr\u00e4ume in Unternehmenssystemen, Routenwahl in Content-Delivery-Optimierungssystemen und Durchf\u00fchrung gerichtlicher Anordnungen zur Bek\u00e4mpfung der Verbreitung illegalen Inhalts und der Ausbeutung Minderj\u00e4hriger Probleme bereiten. DNS-Umleitungen werden oft verwendet, um Nutzer auf eine Seite mit Informationen \u00fcber das Ablaufen von Guthaben des Abonnenten oder f\u00fcr den Zugang zu einem WLAN-Netzwerk umzuleiten.<\/p>\n

Das Unternehmen Google hat erkl\u00e4rt<\/a><\/noindex>, dass die Bedenken unbegr\u00fcndet sind, da sie nicht plant, DoH standardm\u00e4\u00dfig in Chrome und Android zu aktivieren. Geplantes<\/a><\/noindex> In Chrome 78, the experimental default enabling of DoH will only cover users whose settings specify DNS providers offering DoH as an alternative to traditional DNS. Those using DNS servers provided by their local internet service provider will continue to send DNS queries through the system resolver. That is, Google's actions amount to merely replacing the current provider's service with an equivalent one to switch to a secure method of working with DNS. An experimental enablement of DoH is also planned in Firefox, but unlike Google, Mozilla's company beabsichtigt<\/a><\/noindex> man bereits etwas braucht (ich arbeite mit dem clusterf\u00e4higen Proxmox VE 5.x und ZFS \u00fcber iSCSI).<\/a><\/noindex> defaults to the Cloudflare DNS server. This approach has already triggered Kritik<\/a><\/noindex> from the OpenBSD project.<\/p>\n

It should be noted that DoH can be useful for preventing leaks of information about requested hostnames through provider DNS servers, combating MITM attacks and DNS traffic spoofing (for example, when connecting to public Wi-Fi), countering DNS-level blocks (DoH cannot replace a VPN for bypassing blocks implemented at the DPI level), or for facilitating work in cases where direct access to DNS servers is not possible (for example, when working through a proxy). <\/p>\n

In a normal situation, DNS queries are directly sent to the DNS servers specified in the system configuration, but in the case of DoH, the request to resolve the host's IP address is encapsulated in HTTPS traffic and sent to an HTTP server, where the resolver processes the requests via a Web API. The existing DNSSEC standard uses encryption only for client and server authentication, but does not protect the traffic from interception and does not guarantee the confidentiality of the requests. Currently, about 30 public DNS servers<\/a><\/noindex> support DoH.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Quelle: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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