{"id":90687,"date":"2020-08-04T13:42:33","date_gmt":"2020-08-04T11:42:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/predlozhenie-po-blokirovke-drajverov-prosloek-predostavlyayushhih-dostup-k-gpl-vyzovam-yadra-linux"},"modified":"2020-08-04T13:42:33","modified_gmt":"2020-08-04T11:42:33","slug":"predlozhenie-po-blokirovke-drajverov-prosloek-predostavlyayushhih-dostup-k-gpl-vyzovam-yadra-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/de\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/predlozhenie-po-blokirovke-drajverov-prosloek-predostavlyayushhih-dostup-k-gpl-vyzovam-yadra-linux","title":{"rendered":"Vorschlag zur Blockierung von Treibern, die Zugang zu GPL-API-Aufrufen des Linux-Kernels bieten","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Christoph Hellwig, ein bekannter Linux-Kernel-Entwickler, der ehemals Mitglied des technischen Leitungsgremiums der Linux Foundation war und Kl\u00e4ger in einem mit GPL verbundenen <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50445\">Rechtsstreit<\/a><\/noindex> gegen VMware, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lkml.org\/lkml\/2020\/7\/30\/58\">vorgeschlagen<\/a><\/noindex> die Sicherheit gegen die Verkn\u00fcpfung propriet\u00e4rer Treiber mit Komponenten des Linux-Kernels, die nur f\u00fcr GPL-lizenzierte Module exportiert werden, zu versch\u00e4rfen. Um die Einschr\u00e4nkung beim Export von GPL-Symbolen zu umgehen, verwenden Hersteller propriet\u00e4rer Treiber eine Zwischenschicht, deren Code offen und unter GPLv2 lizenziert ist, dessen Funktionen jedoch auf die \u00dcbersetzung des Zugriffs des propriet\u00e4ren Treibers auf die notwendigen Kernel-APIs beschr\u00e4nkt sind, die f\u00fcr die Nutzung aus propriet\u00e4rem Code direkt verboten sind.<\/p>\n<p>Um solchen Man\u00f6vern entgegenzuwirken,  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lkml.org\/lkml\/2020\/7\/30\/61\">hat Christoph Hellwig<\/a><\/noindex> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438, \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0432, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043c GPL-\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430 TAINT_PROPRIETARY_MODULE \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0445, \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0438\u0437  \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0441 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043c. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 GPL \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0435-GPL \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044f, \u0442\u043e  GPL-\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c \u0443\u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0443 TAINT_PROPRIETARY_MODULE  \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0435\u0439 GPL, \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 &#171;gplonly&#187;. <\/p>\n<p>Es wurde au\u00dferdem diskutiert, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lkml.org\/lkml\/2020\/7\/31\/902\">dass es<\/a><\/noindex> \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 &#8212; \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044b EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL, \u043b\u044e\u0431\u044b\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f  \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441 GPL. \u0422.\u0435. \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044b EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL, \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL. \u041a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0444 \u0425\u0435\u043b\u0432\u0438\u0433 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lkml.org\/lkml\/2020\/8\/1\/35\">schrieb<\/a><\/noindex>, was zu 100 % mit diesem Vorschlag \u00fcbereinstimmt, aber eine solche \u00c4nderung w\u00fcrde von Linus Torvalds nicht akzeptiert werden, da sie die Verf\u00fcgbarkeit von propriet\u00e4ren Treibern f\u00fcr die meisten Subsysteme des Kernels beeintr\u00e4chtigen w\u00fcrde, da bei der Entwicklung von Treibern grundlegende Symbole verwendet werden, die unter der GPL exportiert werden.<\/p>\n<p>Die \u00c4nderung wurde als Reaktion auf <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/netdev\/6376CA34-BC6F-45DE-9FFD-7E32664C7569@fb.com\/T\/#m3e84063e82ba14b758873d6cdde6d342157c586c\">Ver\u00f6ffentlichung<\/a><\/noindex> einen Ingenieur von Facebook vorgeschlagen, der eine Serie von Patches zur Implementierung eines neuen Subsystems netgpu entwickelt hat, das einen direkten Datenaustausch (DMA<br \/>\nzero-copy) zwischen der Netzwerkkarte und der GPU erm\u00f6glicht, w\u00e4hrend gleichzeitig die Protokollverarbeitung durch die CPU erfolgt. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/netdev\/6376CA34-BC6F-45DE-9FFD-7E32664C7569@fb.com\/T\/#m556b6b762195afbbaf2782ba9be96ef9cf5e2e5c\">Unzufriedenheit<\/a><\/noindex> unter den Entwicklern wurde verursacht durch <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/netdev\/6376CA34-BC6F-45DE-9FFD-7E32664C7569@fb.com\/T\/#md514322fdfa212afe9f1d3eb4e5f7eaefece36eb\">Verf\u00fcgbarkeit<\/a><\/noindex> die Implementierung nur f\u00fcr die propriet\u00e4ren NVIDIA-Treiber \u00fcber die von diesen Treibern bereitgestellte GPL-Schicht. Als Antwort auf <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/netdev\/6376CA34-BC6F-45DE-9FFD-7E32664C7569@fb.com\/T\/#m3a5cab5ac3b0d386718bf62bd27b51510675dce0\">die Kritik<\/a><\/noindex> oberster Patch-Autor <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/netdev\/6376CA34-BC6F-45DE-9FFD-7E32664C7569@fb.com\/T\/#m758386d335ee7b4e332c44675ff68be29c79ec88\">erw\u00e4hnt wurde<\/a><\/noindex>, dass das Subsystem nicht an NVIDIA gebunden ist und dessen Unterst\u00fctzung auch f\u00fcr Software-Schnittstellen zu AMD- und Intel-GPUs sichergestellt werden kann. Schlie\u00dflich wurde der Fortschritt von netgpu in den Kernel als unm\u00f6glich angesehen, bis es funktionale Unterst\u00fctzung auf der Basis von freien Treibern gab, wie AMDGPU, Intel i915 oder Nouveau. <\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Quelle: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=53485\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0444 \u0425\u0435\u043b\u0432\u0438\u0433 (Christoph Hellwig), \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux, \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0451 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 Linux Foundation \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0446\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441 GPL \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0441 VMware, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b \u0443\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0443 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux, \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0435\u0439 GPL. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 GPL-\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-90687","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-novosti-interneta"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0444 \u0425\u0435\u043b\u0432\u0438\u0433 (Christoph Hellwig), \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux, \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0451 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 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