{"id":92107,"date":"2020-08-23T07:42:16","date_gmt":"2020-08-23T05:42:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/etyud-po-realizaczii-row-level-secutity-v-postgresql"},"modified":"2020-08-23T07:42:16","modified_gmt":"2020-08-23T05:42:16","slug":"etyud-po-realizaczii-row-level-secutity-v-postgresql","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/de\/blog\/administrirovanie\/etyud-po-realizaczii-row-level-secutity-v-postgresql","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9tude zur Implementierung von Row Level Security in PostgreSQL","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Als Erg\u00e4nzung zu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/515628\/\"> Studienbericht \u00fcber die Implementierung der Gesch\u00e4ftslogik auf Ebene von gespeicherten Funktionen in PostgreSQL<\/a><\/noindex> und <b>haupts\u00e4chlich f\u00fcr eine umfassende Antwort<\/b> auf <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/515628\/#comment_21973176\">Kommentar<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Der theoretische Teil ist in der Dokumentation hervorragend beschrieben <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/postgrespro.ru\/\">Postgres Pro<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/postgrespro.ru\/docs\/postgrespro\/11\/ddl-rowsecurity\">Datensicherheitspolitiken<\/a><\/noindex>. Im Folgenden wird die praktische Umsetzung einer kleinen <b>konkreten Gesch\u00e4ftsanwendung \u2013 das Verbergen gel\u00f6schter Daten \u2013 behandelt.<\/b> Das Studium widmet sich der Umsetzung <b><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/516040\/\">eines Rollenmodells mit RLS<\/a><\/noindex><\/b> wird separat vorgestellt.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00c9tude zur Implementierung von Row Level Security in PostgreSQL\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/6dbc1bcef27f246172192a4417dbdaf3.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Der Artikel enth\u00e4lt nichts Neues, es gibt keine versteckte Bedeutung oder geheimes Wissen. Es ist einfach eine Skizze zur praktischen Umsetzung einer theoretischen Idee. Wer interessiert ist \u2014 lesen Sie. Wer nicht interessiert ist \u2014 verschwenden Sie nicht Ihre Zeit.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3>Aufgabenstellung<\/h3>\n<p>\nOhne tief in das Fachgebiet einzutauchen, kann die Aufgabe kurz wie folgt formuliert werden: <i>Es gibt eine Tabelle, die eine Gesch\u00e4ftseinheit implementiert. Die Zeilen in der Tabelle k\u00f6nnen gel\u00f6scht werden, aber die Zeilen d\u00fcrfen physisch nicht gel\u00f6scht werden, sie m\u00fcssen verborgen werden. <\/p>\n<p><b>Denn gesagt wurde \u2013 \u201eL\u00f6sche nichts, benenne nur um. Das Internet bewahrt ALLES\u201c <\/b><\/p>\n<p><\/i> Es ist w\u00fcnschenswert, vorhandene gespeicherte Funktionen, die mit dieser Einheit arbeiten, nicht neu zu schreiben.<\/p>\n<p>F\u00fcr die Umsetzung dieses Konzepts hat die Tabelle ein Attribut <i>is_deleted<\/i>. Danach ist alles einfach \u2013 es muss sichergestellt werden, dass der Kunde nur die Zeilen sehen kann, in denen das Attribut <i>is_deleted<\/i> falsch ist. Zu diesem Zweck wird der Mechanismus <b>Row Level Security verwendet.<\/b><\/p>\n<h3>Implementierung<\/h3>\n<p>\nWir erstellen eine separate Rolle und ein Schema<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"pgsql\">CREATE ROLE repos;\nCREATE SCHEMA repos;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nWir erstellen die Ziel Tabelle<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"pgsql\">CREATE TABLE repos.file\n(\n...\nis_del BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE\n);\nCREATE SCHEMA repos<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nAktivieren von <i>Row Level Security<\/i><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"pgsql\">ALTER TABLE repos.file ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY ;\nCREATE POLICY file_invisible_deleted ON repos.file FOR ALL TO dba_role USING ( NOT is_del );\nGRANT ALL ON TABLE repos.file to dba_role ;\nGRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA repos TO dba_role ;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<b>Servicefunktion<\/b> \u2013 Zeilen in der Tabelle l\u00f6schen<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"pgsql\">CREATE OR REPLACE repos.delete( curr_id repos.file.id%TYPE)\nRETURNS integer AS $$\nBEGIN\n...\nUPDATE repos.file\nSET is_del = TRUE \nWHERE id = curr_id ; \n...\nEND\n$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql SECURITY DEFINER;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<b>Gesch\u00e4ftsfunktion<\/b> \u2013 Dokument l\u00f6schen<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"pgsql\">CREATE OR REPLACE business_functions.deleteDoc( doc_for_delete JSON )\nRETURNS JSON AS $$\nBEGIN\n...\nPERFORM repos.delete( doc_id ) ;\n...\nEND\n$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql SECURITY DEFINER;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Ergebnisse<\/h3>\n<p>\nDer Kunde l\u00f6scht das Dokument<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"pgsql\">SELECT business_functions.delCFile( (SELECT json_build_object( 'CId', 3 )) );<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nNach der L\u00f6schung sieht der Dokumentenkunde nichts<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"pgsql\">SELECT business_functions.getCFile(&quot;( (SELECT json_build_object( 'CId', 3 )) ) ;\n-----------------\n(0 Zeilen)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nAber in der Datenbank wurde das Dokument nicht gel\u00f6scht, sondern nur das Attribut ge\u00e4ndert <i>is_del<\/i><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"pgsql\">psql -d my_db\nSELECT id, name , is_del FROM repos.file ;\nid | name | is_del\n--+---------+------------\n 1 | test_1 | t\n(1 Zeile)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nWas in der Aufgabenstellung gefordert war. <\/p>\n<h2>Fazit<\/h2>\n<p>\nWenn das Thema interessant ist, kann im n\u00e4chsten Beispiel eine Implementierung eines Rollenmodells zur Zugriffskontrolle auf Daten unter Verwendung von Row Level Security gezeigt werden.<br \/>\n<br \/>Quelle: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/515896\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u042d\u0442\u044e\u0434 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441-\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 PostgreSQL \u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439. \u0422\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 Postgres Pro \u2014 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a. \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u2014 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 . \u042d\u0442\u044e\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0420\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c RLS \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":92108,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-92107","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u042d\u0442\u044e\u0434 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441-\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 PostgreSQL \u0438 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