A task has arrived to configure the assignment of IP addresses to subscribers. Task conditions:
- We won't provide a separate server for authentication — you'll manage 😉
- Subscribers must receive network settings via DHCP.
- The network is heterogeneous. It includes PON equipment, regular switches with Option 82 configured, and WiFi bases with access points.
- If none of the conditions for assigning IP addresses are met, it is necessary to issue an IP from the 'guest' network.
On the bright side, there is indeed server on FreeBSD, which can 'work', but it's 'very far away' ;), not 'right in this network'.
There is also a wonderful device, Mikrotik. The overall network diagram is approximately as follows:
After some reflection, it was decided to use FreeRadius to supply network settings to subscribers. In principle, the setup is standard: we enable the DHCP server on the Mikrotik, which also serves as the Radius Client. We configure the relationship between the DHCP server -> Radius Client -> Radius server.
It doesn't seem too complicated. But! The devil is in the details. Specifically:
- When authenticating the PON OLT under this scheme, a request arrives at FreeRadius with User-Name equal to the MAC address of the head station, Agent-Circuit-Id equal to the MAC of the PON ONU, and an empty password.
- When authenticating from switches with Option 82, a request arrives at FreeRadius with an empty User-Name equal to the MAC address of the subscriber's device and additional attributes filled in for Agent-Circuit-Id and Agent-Remote-Id containing, respectively, the MAC of the relay switch and the port to which the subscriber is connected.
- Some subscribers with WiFi access points authenticate via PAP-CHAP protocols.
- Some subscribers with WiFi access points authenticate with a User-Name equal to the MAC address of the WiFi access point, without a password.
Historical reference: what is 'Option 82' in DHCP?
These are additional options in the DHCP protocol that allow for the transmission of supplementary information, for instance in the fields Agent-Circuit-Id and Agent-Remote-Id. It is commonly used to convey the MAC address of the relay switch and the port to which the subscriber is connected. In the case of PON or WiFi base station equipment, the Agent-Circuit-Id field carries no useful information (there's no subscriber port). In this case, the overall operation of DHCP is as follows:
Step by step, this scheme works like this:
- The subscriber equipment makes a broadcast DHCP request to obtain network settings.
- The device (for example, a switch, WiFi base station, or PON) to which the subscriber equipment is directly connected 'intercepts' this packet and modifies it by embedding additional options Option 82 and Relay agent IP address, and then passes it further along the network.
- The DHCP server accepts the request, forms a response, and sends it to the relay device.
- The relay device forwards the response packet to the subscriber device.
Of course, it's not that simple; proper configuration of the network equipment is required.
Installing FreeRadius
You can achieve everything with the configuration settings for FreeRadius, but it's challenging and unclear... especially when you dive into it after several months of 'everything works.' So, it was decided to write our own authorization module for FreeRadius in Python. We will pull the authorization data from a MySQL database. There's no sense in describing its structure; each person will do it 'their way.' Specifically, I took the structure that comes with the SQL module for FreeRadius and modified it slightly, adding fields for MAC and port for each subscriber, in addition to the username-password.
So, first we need to install FreeRadius:
cd /usr/ports/net/freeradius3
make config
make
install clean
In the settings, we check for installation:
We create a symlink to the Python module (that is, we 'activate' it):
ln -s /usr/local/etc/raddb/mods-available/python /usr/local/etc/raddb/mods-enabledLet's install an additional module for Python:
pip install mysql-connectorIn the Python module settings for FreeRadius, you need to specify the module search paths in the python_path variable. For example, mine are:
python_path="/usr/local/etc/raddb/mods-config/python:/usr/local/lib/python2.7:/usr/local/lib/python27.zip:/usr/local/lib/python2.7:/usr/local/lib/python2.7/plat-freebsd12:/usr/local/lib/python2.7/lib-tk:/usr/local/lib/python2.7/lib-old:/usr/local/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload:/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages"
You can find out the paths by launching the Python interpreter and entering the commands:
root@phaeton:/usr/local/etc/raddb/mods-enabled# python
Python 2.7.15 (default, Dec 8 2018, 01:22:25)
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible FreeBSD Clang 6.0.1 (tags/RELEASE_601/final 335540)] on freebsd12
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import sys
>>> sys.path
['', '/usr/local/lib/python27.zip', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/plat-freebsd12', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/lib-tk', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/lib-old', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages']
>If this step is not taken, the scripts written in Python and run by FreeRadius will not find the modules listed in the import statement. Additionally, it is necessary to uncomment the settings for the authorization and accounting function calls in the module. For example, my module looks like this:
python {
python_path="/usr/local/etc/raddb/mods-config/python:/usr/local/lib/python2.7:/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages:/usr/local/lib/python27.zip:/usr/local/lib/python2.7:/usr/local/lib/python2.7/plat-freebsd12:/usr/local/lib/python2.7/lib-tk:/usr/local/lib/python2.7/lib-old:/usr/local/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload:/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages"
module = work
mod_instantiate = ${.module}
mod_detach = ${.module}
mod_authorize = ${.module}
func_authorize = authorize
mod_authenticate = ${.module}
func_authenticate = authenticate
mod_preacct = ${.module}
func_preacct = preacct
mod_accounting = ${.module}
func_accounting = accounting
mod_checksimul = ${.module}
mod_pre_proxy = ${.module}
mod_post_proxy = ${.module}
mod_post_auth = ${.module}
mod_recv_coa = ${.module}
mod_send_coa = ${.module}
}The script work.py (and all others) needs to be placed in /usr/local/etc/raddb/mods-config/python. I ended up with a total of three scripts.
work.py:
#!/usr/local/bin/python
# coding=utf-8
import radiusd
import func
import sys
from pprint import pprint
mysql_host="localhost"
mysql_username="укацук"
mysql_password="ыукаыукаыук"
mysql_base="ыукаыкуаыу"
def instantiate(p):
print ("*** instantiate ***")
print (p)
# return 0 for success or -1 for failure
def authenticate(p):
print ("*** Аутенфикация!!***")
print (p)
def authorize(p):
radiusd.radlog(radiusd.L_INFO, '*** radlog call in authorize ***')
conn=func.GetConnectionMysql(mysql_host, mysql_username, mysql_password, mysql_base);
param=func.ConvertArrayToNames(p);
pprint(param)
print ("*** Авторизация ***")
reply = ()
conf = ()
cnt=0
username="";mac="";
# сначала проверяем "как положено", по связке логин/пароль
if ("User-Name" in param) and ("User-Password" in param) :
print ("Вариант авторизации (1): есть логин-пароль")
pprint(param["User-Name"])
pprint(param["User-Password"])
pprint(conn)
print(sys.version_info)
print (radiusd.config)
sql="select radreply.attribute,radreply.value from radcheck inner join radreply on radreply.username=radcheck.username where radcheck.username=%s and radcheck.value=%s"
print(sql)
cursor = conn.cursor(dictionary=True,buffered=True)
cursor.execute(sql,[param["User-Name"], param["User-Password"]]);
row = cursor.fetchone()
while row is not None:
cnt=cnt+1
username=row["username"]
reply = reply+((str(row["attribute"]),str(row["value"])), )
row = cursor.fetchone()
# вариант, что User-Name - это МАС адрес БС,пароля и порта нет
if ("User-Name" in param) and ("User-Password" in param) and (cnt==0):
if param["User-Password"] =='':
if ":" in param["User-Name"]:
pprint(param["User-Name"])
print ("Вариант авторизации (2): User-Name - это MAC адрес базовой станции, порта и пароля нет")
sql="select radreply.username,radreply.attribute,radreply.value from radcheck inner join radreply on radreply.username=radcheck.username where REPLACE(radcheck.mac,':','') = REPLACE(REPLACE('"+str(param["User-Name"])+"','0x',''),':','') and radcheck.sw_port=''"
print (sql)
cursor = conn.cursor(dictionary=True,buffered=True)
cursor.execute(sql);
row = cursor.fetchone()
while row is not None:
cnt=cnt+1
username=row["username"]
mac=param["User-Name"]
reply = reply+((str(row["attribute"]),str(row["value"])), )
row = cursor.fetchone()
if ("Agent-Remote-Id" in param) and ("User-Password" in param) and (cnt==0):
if param["User-Password"] =='':
pprint(param["Agent-Remote-Id"])
print ("Вариант авторизации (2.5): Agent-Remote-Id - это MAC адрес PON оборудования")
sql="select radreply.username,radreply.attribute,radreply.value from radcheck inner join radreply on radreply.username=radcheck.username where REPLACE(radcheck.mac,':','') = REPLACE(REPLACE('"+str(param["Agent-Remote-Id"])+"','0x',''),':','') and radcheck.sw_port=''"
print (sql)
cursor = conn.cursor(dictionary=True,buffered=True)
cursor.execute(sql);
row = cursor.fetchone()
while row is not None:
cnt=cnt+1
username=row["username"]
mac=param["User-Name"]
reply = reply+((str(row["attribute"]),str(row["value"])), )
row = cursor.fetchone()
#Вариант, что Agent-Remote-Id - это МАС адрес БС,пароля и порта нет и предыдущие варианты поиска IP результата не дали
if ("Agent-Remote-Id" in param) and ("User-Password" not in param) and (cnt==0):
pprint(param["Agent-Remote-Id"])
print ("Вариант авторизации (3): Agent-Remote-Id - МАС базовой станции/пон. Порта в биллинге нет")
sql="select radreply.username,radreply.attribute,radreply.value from radcheck inner join radreply on radreply.username=radcheck.username where REPLACE(radcheck.mac,':','') = REPLACE(REPLACE('"+str(param["Agent-Remote-Id"])+"','0x',''),':','') and radcheck.sw_port=''"
print(sql)
cursor = conn.cursor(dictionary=True,buffered=True)
cursor.execute(sql);
row = cursor.fetchone()
while row is not None:
cnt=cnt+1
mac=param["Agent-Remote-Id"]
username=row["username"]
reply = reply+((str(row["attribute"]),str(row["value"])), )
row = cursor.fetchone()
#Вариант, что предыдущие попытки результата не дали, но есть Agent-Remote-Id и Agent-Circuit-Id
if ("Agent-Remote-Id" in param) and ("Agent-Circuit-Id" in param) and (cnt==0):
pprint(param["Agent-Remote-Id"])
pprint(param["Agent-Circuit-Id"])
print ("Вариант авторизации (4): авторизация по Agent-Remote-Id и Agent-Circuit-Id, в биллинге есть порт/мак")
sql="select radreply.username,radreply.attribute,radreply.value from radcheck inner join radreply on radreply.username=radcheck.username where upper(radcheck.sw_mac)=upper(REPLACE('"+str(param["Agent-Remote-Id"])+"','0x','')) and upper(radcheck.sw_port)=upper(RIGHT('"+str(param["Agent-Circuit-Id"])+"',2)) and radcheck.sw_port<>''"
print(sql)
cursor = conn.cursor(dictionary=True,buffered=True)
cursor.execute(sql);
row = cursor.fetchone()
while row is not None:
cnt=cnt+1
mac=param["Agent-Remote-Id"]
username=row["username"]
reply = reply+((str(row["attribute"]),str(row["value"])), )
row = cursor.fetchone()
# если так до сих пор IP не получен, то выдаю иего из гостевой сети..
if cnt==0:
print ("Ни один из вариантов авторизации не сработал, получаю IP из гостевой сети..")
ip=func.GetGuestNet(conn)
if ip!="":
cnt=cnt+1;
reply = reply+(("Framed-IP-Address",str(ip)), )
# если совсем всё плохо, то Reject
if cnt==0:
conf = ( ("Auth-Type", "Reject"), )
else:
#если авторизация успешная (есть такой абонент), то запишем историю авторизации
if username!="":
func.InsertToHistory(conn,username,mac, reply);
conf = ( ("Auth-Type", "Accept"), )
pprint (reply)
conn=None;
return radiusd.RLM_MODULE_OK, reply, conf
def preacct(p):
print ("*** preacct ***")
print (p)
return radiusd.RLM_MODULE_OK
def accounting(p):
print ("*** Аккаунтинг ***")
radiusd.radlog(radiusd.L_INFO, '*** radlog call in accounting (0) ***')
print (p)
conn=func.GetConnectionMysql(mysql_host, mysql_username, mysql_password, mysql_base);
param=func.ConvertArrayToNames(p);
pprint(param)
print("Удалим старые сессии (более 20 минут нет аккаунтинга)");
sql="delete from radacct where TIMESTAMPDIFF(minute,acctupdatetime,now())>20"
cursor = conn.cursor(dictionary=True,buffered=True)
cursor.execute(sql);
conn.commit()
print("Обновим/добавим информацию о сессии")
if (("Acct-Unique-Session-Id" in param) and ("User-Name" in param) and ("Framed-IP-Address" in param)):
sql='insert into radacct (radacctid,acctuniqueid,username,framedipaddress,acctstarttime) values (null,"'+str(param['Acct-Unique-Session-Id'])+'","'+str(param['User-Name'])+'","'+str(param['Framed-IP-Address'])+'",now()) ON DUPLICATE KEY update acctupdatetime=now()'
print(sql)
cursor = conn.cursor(dictionary=True,buffered=True)
cursor.execute(sql)
conn.commit()
conn=None;
return radiusd.RLM_MODULE_OK
def pre_proxy(p):
print ("*** pre_proxy ***")
print (p)
return radiusd.RLM_MODULE_OK
def post_proxy(p):
print ("*** post_proxy ***")
print (p)
return radiusd.RLM_MODULE_OK
def post_auth(p):
print ("*** post_auth ***")
print (p)
return radiusd.RLM_MODULE_OK
def recv_coa(p):
print ("*** recv_coa ***")
print (p)
return radiusd.RLM_MODULE_OK
def send_coa(p):
print ("*** send_coa ***")
print (p)
return radiusd.RLM_MODULE_OK
def detach():
print ("*** На этом всё детишечки ***")
return radiusd.RLM_MODULE_OK
func.py:
#!/usr/bin/python2.7
# coding=utf-8
import mysql.connector
from mysql.connector import Error
# Функция возвращает соединение с MySQL
def GetConnectionMysql(mysql_host, mysql_username, mysql_password, mysql_base):
try:
conn = mysql.connector.connect(host=mysql_host,database=mysql_base,user=mysql_username,password=mysql_password)
if conn.is_connected(): print('---cоединение с БД '+mysql_base+' установлено')
except Error as e:
print("Ошибка: ",e);
exit(1);
return conn
def ConvertArrayToNames(p):
mass={};
for z in p:
mass[z[0]]=z[1]
return mass
# Функция записывает историю соединения по известным данным
def InsertToHistory(conn,username,mac, reply):
print("--записываю для истории")
repl=ConvertArrayToNames(reply)
if "Framed-IP-Address" in repl:
sql='insert into radpostauth (username,reply,authdate,ip,mac,session_id,comment) values ("'+username+'","Access-Accept",now(),"'+str(repl["Framed-IP-Address"])+'","'+str(mac)+'","","")'
print(sql)
cursor = conn.cursor(dictionary=True,buffered=True)
cursor.execute(sql);
conn.commit()
# Функция выдает последний по дате выдачи IP адрес из гостевой сети
def GetGuestNet(conn):
ip="";id=0
sql="select * from guestnet order by dt limit 1"
print (sql)
cursor = conn.cursor(dictionary=True,buffered=True)
cursor.execute(sql);
row = cursor.fetchone()
while row is not None:
ip=row["ip"]
id=row["id"]
row = cursor.fetchone()
if id>0:
sql="update guestnet set dt=now() where id="+str(id)
print (sql)
cursor = conn.cursor(dictionary=True,buffered=True)
cursor.execute(sql);
conn.commit()
return ip radiusd.py:
#!/usr/bin/python2.7
# coding=utf-8
# from modules.h
RLM_MODULE_REJECT = 0
RLM_MODULE_FAIL = 1
RLM_MODULE_OK = 2
RLM_MODULE_HANDLED = 3
RLM_MODULE_INVALID = 4
RLM_MODULE_USERLOCK = 5
RLM_MODULE_NOTFOUND = 6
RLM_MODULE_NOOP = 7
RLM_MODULE_UPDATED = 8
RLM_MODULE_NUMCODES = 9
# from log.h
L_AUTH = 2
L_INFO = 3
L_ERR = 4
L_WARN = 5
L_PROXY = 6
L_ACCT = 7
L_DBG = 16
L_DBG_WARN = 17
L_DBG_ERR = 18
L_DBG_WARN_REQ = 19
L_DBG_ERR_REQ = 20
# log function
def radlog(level, msg):
import sys
sys.stdout.write(msg + 'n')
level = level
As can be seen from the code, we are trying in every available way to identify the subscriber by their known MAC addresses or by the Option 82 pairing. If that fails, we return the oldest of any IP addresses ever used from the "guest" network. The script default in the sites-enabled folder needs to be configured so that the necessary functions from the Python script are triggered at the designated moments. In fact, it is enough to bring the file to the form:
default
server default {
listen {
type = auth
ipaddr = *
port = 0
limit {
max_connections = 16
lifetime = 0
idle_timeout = 30
}
}
listen {
ipaddr = *
port = 0
type = acct
limit {
}
}
listen {
type = auth
port = 0
limit {
max_connections = 1600
lifetime = 0
idle_timeout = 30
}
}
listen {
ipv6addr = ::
port = 0
type = acct
limit {
}
}
authorize {
python
filter_username
preprocess
expiration
logintime
}
authenticate {
Auth-Type PAP {
pap
python
}
Auth-Type CHAP {
chap
python
}
Auth-Type MS-CHAP {
mschap
python
}
eap
}
preacct {
preprocess
acct_unique
suffix
files
}
accounting {
python
exec
attr_filter.accounting_response
}
session {
}
post-auth {
update {
&reply: += &session-state:
}
exec
remove_reply_message_if_eap
Post-Auth-Type REJECT {
attr_filter.access_reject
eap
remove_reply_message_if_eap
}
Post-Auth-Type Challenge {
}
}
pre-proxy {
}
post-proxy {
eap
}
}
Let's try to run it and see what comes into the debug log:
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/radiusd debugWhat else? When setting up FreeRadius, it's convenient to test its operation using the radclient utility. For example, authorization:
echo "User-Name=4C:5E:0C:2E:7F:15,Agent-Remote-Id=0x9845623a8c98,Agent-Circuit-Id=0x00010006" | radclient -x 127.0.0.1:1812 auth testing123Or accounting:
echo "User-Name=4C:5E:0C:2E:7F:15,Agent-Remote-Id=0x00030f26054a,Agent-Circuit-Id=0x00010002" | radclient -x 127.0.0.1:1813 acct testing123I want to warn you that using such schemes and scripts "as is" on an "industrial" scale is simply not feasible. At the very least, it stands out:
- the possibility of "spoofing" a MAC address. It’s enough for a subscriber to assign themselves someone else's MAC, and problems will arise.
- the logic of issuing guest networks is below any criticism. There isn't even a check asking, "Are there already clients assigned to this IP address?"
This is just a "quick fix" to work specifically in my conditions, nothing more. Please don’t judge too harshly 😉
Source: habr.com
