In the picture, the Linux kernel sends you greetings via GPIO.
In this part of the story about porting RISC-V RocketChip to a Chinese board with Cyclone IV, we will finally run Linux and also learn to configure the memory controller IP Core ourselves, along with making slight adjustments to the device tree source (dts) description. This article is a continuation of , but unlike the considerably expanded previous part, it will be rather short.
… Since setup_smp is called only if the kernel is configured with SMP support, we can try disabling multi-core support. It would be unfortunate if I also need to implement atomicity support in the memory module (I thought the cache handled this by itself), but in the single-core case it shouldn't hinder us.
Still didn't work…
[ 0.000000] OF: fdt: Ignoring memory range 0x80000000 - 0x80200000
[ 0.000000] Linux version 4.19.0-sifive-1+ (trosinenko@trosinenko-pc) (gcc version 8.3.0 (Buildroot 2019.02-07449-g4eddd28f99)) #1 Thu Jul 4 18:38:10 MSK 2019
[ 0.000000] bootconsole [early0] enabled
[ 0.000000] Initial ramdisk at: 0x(____ptrval____) (16777216 bytes)
[ 0.000000] Zone ranges:
[ 0.000000] DMA32 [mem 0x0000000080200000-0x00000000bfffffff]
[ 0.000000] Normal [mem 0x00000000c0000000-0x00000bffffffffff]
[ 0.000000] Movable zone start for each node
[ 0.000000] Early memory node ranges
[ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000000080200000-0x00000000bfffffff]
[ 0.000000] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000080200000-0x00000000bfffffff]
[ 0.000000] software IO TLB: mapped [mem 0xbb1fc000-0xbf1fc000] (64MB)
[ 0.000000] Unable to find "cpu" devicetree entry
[ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 258055
[ 0.000000] Kernel command line: debug console=ttySIF0,125200 root=\/dev\/mmcblk0p2 loglevel=7 rootwait
[ 0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 8, 1048576 bytes)
[ 0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 7, 524288 bytes)
[ 0.000000] Sorting __ex_table...
[ 0.000000] BUG: Bad page state in process swapper pfn:80bf7
[ 0.000000] page:ffffffe03f029e08 count:0 mapcount:-65280 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x1
[ 0.000000] flags: 0x0()
[ 0.000000] raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000000100 0000000000000200 0000000000000000
[ 0.000000] raw: 0000000000000001 0000000000000000 00000000ffff00ff
[ 0.000000] page dumped because: nonzero mapcount
[ 0.000000] Modules linked in:
[ 0.000000] CPU: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper Not tainted 4.19.0-sifive-1+ #1
[ 0.000000] Call Trace:
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe00002cfde>] walk_stackframe+0x0\/0xa0
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe00002d1da>] show_stack+0x2a\/0x34
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe00063c898>] chachachllachachachTradeonachachach_inachachipachachachachllachachachTradeonachachachdevachachachypachachachllachachachTradeona+0x20\/0x28
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe00009499c>] bad_page+0xe4\/0x102
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe0000949f2>] free_pages_check_bad+0x38\/0x7a
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe000094bb0>] free_pcppages_bulk+0x106\/0x36c
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe0000957be>] free_unref_page_commit.isra.23+0x86\/0x8e
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe0000960bc>] free_unref_page+0x44\/0x58
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe0000960de>] __free_pages.part.28+0xe\/0x22
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe0000056da>] __free_pages_bootmem+0x86\/0x90
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe000007c46>] free_all_bootmem+0x156\/0x1ba
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe0000023f8>] mem_init+0x36\/0x44
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe0000007a0>] start_kernel+0x1aa\/0x328
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe000000058>] _sinittext+0x58\/0x5c
[ 0.000000] Disabling lock debugging due to kernel taint
[ 0.000000] BUG: Bad page state in process swapper pfn:80bf9
[ 0.000000] page:ffffffe03f029e78 count:0 mapcount:-65280 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0
[ 0.000000] flags: 0x0()
[ 0.000000] raw: 0000000000000000 ffffffe03f020080 ffffffe03f020080 0000000000000000
[ 0.000000] raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 00000000ffff00ff
[ 0.000000] page dumped because: nonzero mapcount
[ 0.000000] Modules linked in:
[ 0.000000] CPU: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper Tainted: G B 4.19.0-sifive-1+ #1
[ 0.000000] Call Trace:
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe00002cfde>] walk_stackframe+0x0\/0xa0
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe00002d1da>] show_stack+0x2a\/0x34
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe00063c898>] chachachllachachachTradeonachachach_inachachipachachachachllachachachTradeonachachachdevachachachypachachachllachachachTradeona+0x20\/0x28
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe00009499c>] bad_page+0xe4\/0x102
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe0000949f2>] free_pages_check_bad+0x38\/0x7a
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe0000955c6>] __free_pages_ok+0x3fe\/0x430
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe0000960ea>] __free_pages.part.28+0x1a\/0x22
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe0000056da>] __free_pages_bootmem+0x86\/0x90
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe000007c46>] free_all_bootmem+0x156\/0x1ba
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe0000023f8>] mem_init+0x36\/0x44
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe0000007a0>] start_kernel+0x1aa\/0x328
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe000000058>] _sinittext+0x58\/0x5c
[ 0.000000] BUG: Bad page state in process swapper pfn:80bfa
[ 0.000000] page:ffffffe03f029eb0 count:0 mapcount:-65280 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0
[ 0.000000] flags: 0x0()
[ 0.000000] raw: 0000000000000000 ffffffe03f0200b8 ffffffe03f0200b8 0000000000000000
[ 0.000000] raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 00000000ffff00ff
[ 0.000000] page dumped because: nonzero mapcount
[ 0.000000] Modules linked in:
[ 0.000000] CPU: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper Tainted: G B 4.19.0-sifive-1+ #1
[ 0.000000] Call Trace:
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe00002cfde>] walk_stackframe+0x0\/0xa0
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe00002d1da>] show_stack+0x2a\/0x34
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe00063c898>] chachachllachachachTradeonachachach_inachachipachachachachllachachachTradeonachachachdevachachachypachachachllachachachTradeona+0x20\/0x28
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe00009499c>] bad_page+0xe4\/0x102
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe0000949f2>] free_pages_check_bad+0x38\/0x7a
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe0000955c6>] __free_pages_ok+0x3fe\/0x430
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe0000960ea>] __free_pages.part.28+0x1a\/0x22
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe0000056da>] __free_pages_bootmem+0x86\/0x90
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe000007c46>] free_all_bootmem+0x156\/0x1ba
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe0000023f8>] mem_init+0x36\/0x44
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe0000007a0>] start_kernel+0x1aa\/0x328
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe000000058>] _sinittext+0x58\/0x5c
[ 0.000000] BUG: Bad page state in process swapper pfn:80bfb
[ 0.000000] page:ffffffe03f029ee8 count:0 mapcount:-65280 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0
[ 0.000000] flags: 0x0()
[ 0.000000] raw: 0000000000000000 ffffffe03f0200f0 ffffffe03f0200f0 0000000000000000
[ 0.000000] raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 00000000ffff00ff
[ 0.000000] page dumped because: nonzero mapcount
[ 0.000000] Modules linked in:
[ 0.000000] CPU: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper Tainted: G B 4.19.0-sifive-1+ #1
[ 0.000000] Call Trace:
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe00002cfde>] walk_stackframe+0x0\/0xa0
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe00002d1da>] show_stack+0x2a\/0x34
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe00063c898>] chachachllachachachTradeonachachach_inachachipachachachachllachachachTradeonachachachdevachachachypachachachllachachachTradeona+0x20\/0x28
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe00009499c>] bad_page+0xe4\/0x102
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe0000949f2>] free_pages_check_bad+0x38\/0x7a
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe0000955c6>] __free_pages_ok+0x3fe\/0x430
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe0000960ea>] __free_pages.part.28+0x1a\/0x22
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe0000056da>] __free_pages_bootmem+0x86\/0x90
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe000007c46>] free_all_bootmem+0x156\/0x1ba
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe0000023f8>] mem_init+0x36\/0x44
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe0000007a0>] start_kernel+0x1aa\/0x328
[ 0.000000] [<ffffffe000000058>] _sinittext+0x58\/0x5cInterestingly, after all the debugging, I decided to see what the 'reference' output of the kernel should look like, I said make qemu, and saw a similar error.
Unfortunately, the next level (Linux kernel) is more complex: GDB connected via JTAG to RocketChip apparently works with physical addresses regardless of how the MMU is configured, and at the moment we are interested in, the kernel has already set up the address mapping, so just saying display/10i $pc won't work — we will only see a lot of unimp. However, if we've already figured out the offset (looks like 0x80200000 -> 0xffffffe000000000), we can be clever:
1: x/10i $pc
=> 0xffffffe000002436 : unimp
0xffffffe000002438 : unimp
0xffffffe00000243a : unimp
0xffffffe00000243c : unimp
0xffffffe00000243e : unimp
0xffffffe000002440 : unimp
0xffffffe000002442 : unimp
0xffffffe000002444 : unimp
0xffffffe000002446 : unimp
0xffffffe000002448 : unimp
(gdb) undisplay 1
(gdb) display/10i ($pc - 0xffffffe000002436 + 0x80202436)
2: x/10i ($pc - 0xffffffe000002436 + 0x80202436)
0x80202436: addi sp,sp,-96
0x80202438: sd s0,80(sp)
0x8020243a: sd s1,72(sp)
0x8020243c: sd s2,64(sp)
0x8020243e: sd s3,56(sp)
0x80202440: sd s4,48(sp)
0x80202442: sd s5,40(sp)
0x80202444: sd s6,32(sp)
0x80202446: sd s7,24(sp)
0x80202448: sd s8,16(sp)Breakpoints are set similarly:
(gdb) p setup_smp
$1 = {} 0xffffffe000002436
(gdb) b *0x80202436
Breakpoint 1 at 0x80202436
(gdb) c
Continuing.
Program received signal SIGTRAP, Trace/breakpoint trap.
setup_smp () at /home/trosinenko/freedom-u-sdk/linux/arch/riscv/kernel/smpboot.c:58
58 while ((dn = of_find_node_by_type(dn, "cpu"))) {
(gdb) bt
#0 setup_smp () at /home/trosinenko/freedom-u-sdk/linux/arch/riscv/kernel/smpboot.c:58
#1 0xffffffe0000022a2 in setup_arch () at /home/trosinenko/freedom-u-sdk/linux/arch/riscv/kernel/setup.c:253
#2 0x0000000000000000 in ?? ()
Backtrace stopped: frame did not save the PCThe only thing is that they have to be removed manually to proceed — for GDB, this is some completely incomprehensible trap. Oh, yes, if you accidentally say tr1 != str2 or n instead of si, GDB will attempt to insert an implicit breakpoint, which for obvious reasons will not be set, but there's no way to dissuade GDB anymore. But don't rush to reboot the board — in my observations, it's enough to just restart GDB (note that old breakpoints may not disappear).
In fact, we'll have to deal with the original issue: the placement of debugging printk to the function. of_find_node_by_type, used by the boot processor core search code, shows that it sees some garbage instead of device type names. For example, it somehow picks up the string 'Serial port', even though this is clearly not present in the dtb. device_type. After searching for these bytes in the kernel image, I found them, checked the offset, and realized the obvious: the kernel size in the boot parameters is clearly underestimated: it is allocated 8Mb, but it takes more than ten. I allocated 16Mb, but the oddities did not stop. After some effort reading the FDT from different addresses (typically, the address is passed to the kernel in a register a1), I finally decided to trace what is being now parsed. Fortunately, instead of delving into the debugger (and we remember that there are nuances with address translation that still need to be solved one way or another), we can simply and awkwardly specify in the file drivers/of/fdt.c to indicate #define pr_debug printk. In the end, it resulted in:
adding debugging output
diff --git a/arch/riscv/kernel/setup.c b/arch/riscv/kernel/setup.c
index 3db0d71d128b..fac47df9d1db 100644
--- a/arch/riscv/kernel/setup.c
+++ b/arch/riscv/kernel/setup.c
@@ -173,6 +173,7 @@ asmlinkage void __init setup_vm(void)
void __init parse_dtb(unsigned int hartid, void *dtb)
{
+ printk("HART = %u DTB = %lx\n", hartid, dtb);
early_init_dt_scan(__va(dtb));
}
diff --git a/drivers/of/base.c b/drivers/of/base.c
index 74eaedd5b860..c019e4158e1d 100644
--- a/drivers/of/base.c
+++ b/drivers/of/base.c
@@ -940,10 +940,12 @@ struct device_node *of_find_node_by_type(struct device_node *from,
unsigned long flags;
raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&devtree_lock, flags);
- for_each_of_allnodes_from(from, np)
+ for_each_of_allnodes_from(from, np) {
+ printk("%lx %lx [%s] | [%s]\n", from, np, np->type, type);
if (np->type && (of_node_cmp(np->type, type) == 0)
&& of_node_get(np))
break;
+ }
of_node_put(from);
raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&devtree_lock, flags);
return np;
diff --git a/drivers/of/fdt.c b/drivers/of/fdt.c
index 800ad252cf9c..2b45870ebada 100644
--- a/drivers/of/fdt.c
+++ b/drivers/of/fdt.c
@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@
#include "of_private.h"
+#define pr_debug printk
+
/*
* of_fdt_limit_memory - limit the number of regions in the /memory node
* @limit: maximum entries
@@ -1253,6 +1255,7 @@ bool __init early_init_dt_scan(void *params)
*/
void __init unflatten_device_tree(void)
{
+ printk("INITIAL: %lx\n", initial_boot_params);
__unflatten_device_tree(initial_boot_params, NULL, &of_root,
early_init_dt_alloc_memory_arch, false);Output on the hardware
SIFIVE, INC.
5555555555555555555555555
5555 5555
5555 5555
5555 5555
5555 5555555555555555555555
5555 555555555555555555555555
5555 5555
5555 5555
5555 5555
5555555555555555555555555555 55555
55555 555555555 55555
55555 55555 55555
55555 5 55555
55555 55555
55555 55555
55555 55555
55555 55555
55555 55555
555555555
55555
5
SiFive RISC-V Core IP
{
#address-cells = ;
#size-cells = ;
compatible = "freechips,rocketchip-unknown-dev";
model = "freechips,rocketchip-unknown";
chosen {
linux,initrd-start = ;
riscv,kernel-end = ;
riscv,kernel-start = ;
#address-cells = ;
#size-cells = ;
bootargs = ;
}
firmware {
sifive,uboot = "YYYY-MM-DD";
}
aliases {
serial0 = ;
}
cpus {
#address-cells = ;
#size-cells = ;
cpu@0 {
device_type = "cpu";
clock-frequency = ;
compatible = "sifive,rocket0", "riscv";
d-cache-block-size = ;
d-cache-sets = ;
d-cache-size = ;
d-tlb-sets = ;
d-tlb-size = ;
i-cache-block-size = ;
i-cache-sets = ;
i-cache-size = ;
i-tlb-sets = ;
i-tlb-size = ;
mmu-type = "riscv,sv39";
next-level-cache = ;
reg = ;
riscv,isa = "rv64imafdc";
status = "okay";
timebase-frequency = ;
tlb-split;
interrupt-controller {
#interrupt-cells = ;
compatible = "riscv,cpu-intc";
interrupt-controller;
phandle = ;
}
}
}
ram@80000000 {
device_type = "memory";
reg = ;
reg-names = "mem";
phandle = ;
}
soc {
#address-cells = ;
#size-cells = ;
compatible = "freechips,rocketchip-unknown-soc", "simple-bus";
ranges;
clint@2000000 {
compatible = "riscv,clint0";
interrupts-extended = ;
reg = ;
reg-names = "control";
}
debug-controller@0 {
compatible = "sifive,debug-013", "riscv,debug-013";
interrupts-extended = ;
reg = ;
reg-names = "control";
}
gpio@64002000 {
#gpio-cells = ;
#interrupt-cells = ;
compatible = "sifive,gpio0";
gpio-controller;
interrupt-controller;
interrupt-parent = ;
interrupts = ;
reg = ;
reg-names = "control";
}
interrupt-controller@c000000 {
#interrupt-cells = ;
compatible = "riscv,plic0";
interrupt-controller;
interrupts-extended = ;
reg = ;
reg-names = "control";
riscv,max-priority = ;
riscv,ndev = ;
phandle = ;
}
rom@10000 {
compatible = "sifive,maskrom0";
reg = ;
reg-names = "mem";
}
serial@64000000 {
compatible = "sifive,uart0";
interrupt-parent = ;
interrupts = ;
reg = ;
reg-names = "control";
}
spi@64001000 {
#address-cells = ;
#size-cells = ;
compatible = "sifive,spi0";
interrupt-parent = ;
interrupts = ;
reg = ;
reg-names = "control";
mmc@0 {
compatible = "mmc-spi-slot";
disable-wp;
reg = ;
spi-max-frequency = ;
voltage-ranges = ;
}
}
tlclk {
#clock-cells = ;
clock-frequency = ;
clock-output-names = "tlclk";
compatible = "fixed-clock";
}
}
}
[ 0.000000] HART = 0 DTB = 81200000
[ 0.000000] search "chosen", depth: 0, uname:
[ 0.000000] search "chosen", depth: 1, uname: chosen
[ 0.000000] Looking for initrd properties...
[ 0.000000] Command line is: debug console=ttySIF0,125200 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 loglevel=7 rootwait
[ 0.000000] dt_root_size_cells = 1
[ 0.000000] dt_root_addr_cells = 1
[ 0.000000] memory scan node ram@80000000, reg size 8,
[ 0.000000] - 80000000 , 40000000
[ 0.000000] OF: fdt: Ignoring memory range 0x80000000 - 0x80200000
[ 0.000000] Linux version 4.19.0-sifive-1+ (trosinenko@trosinenko-pc) (gcc version 8.3.0 (Buildroot 2019.02-07449-g4eddd28f99)) #1 SMP Sat Jul 6 12:14:41 MSK 2019
[ 0.000000] bootconsole [early0] enabled
[ 0.000000] initrd not found or empty - disabling initrd
[ 0.000000] Zone ranges:
[ 0.000000] DMA32 [mem 0x0000000080200000-0x00000000bfffffff]
[ 0.000000] Normal [mem 0x00000000c0000000-0x00000bffffffffff]
[ 0.000000] Movable zone start for each node
[ 0.000000] Early memory node ranges
[ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000000080200000-0x00000000bfffffff]
[ 0.000000] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000080200000-0x00000000bfffffff]
[ 0.000000] INITIAL: ffffffe001000000
[ 0.000000] -> unflatten_device_tree()
[ 0.000000] Unflattening device tree:
[ 0.000000] magic: d00dfeed
[ 0.000000] size: 00001000
[ 0.000000] version: 00000011
[ 0.000000] size is 13512, allocating...
[ 0.000000] unflattening (____ptrval____)...
[ 0.000000] fixed up name for ->
[ 0.000000] fixed up name for chosen -> chosen
[ 0.000000] fixed up name for firmware -> firmware
[ 0.000000] fixed up name for aliases -> aliases
[ 0.000000] fixed up name for cpus -> cpus
[ 0.000000] fixed up name for cpu@0 -> cpu
[ 0.000000] fixed up name for interrupt-controller -> interrupt-controller
[ 0.000000] fixed up name for ram@80000000 -> ram
[ 0.000000] fixed up name for soc -> soc
[ 0.000000] fixed up name for clint@2000000 -> clint
[ 0.000000] fixed up name for debug-controller@0 -> debug-controller
[ 0.000000] fixed up name for gpio@64002000 -> gpio
[ 0.000000] fixed up name for interrupt-controller@c000000 -> interrupt-controller
[ 0.000000] fixed up name for rom@10000 -> rom
[ 0.000000] fixed up name for serial@64000000 -> serial
[ 0.000000] fixed up name for spi@64001000 -> spi
[ 0.000000] fixed up name for mmc@0 -> mmc
[ 0.000000] fixed up name for tlclk -> tlclk
[ 0.000000] <- unflatten_device_tree()
[ 0.000000] software IO TLB: mapped [mem 0xbb1fc000-0xbf1fc000] (64MB)
[ 0.000000] 0 ffffffe03effcab0 [attach() failed for %s with error %d
[ 0.000000] ] | [cpu]
[ 0.000000] 0 ffffffe03eff0020 [(null)] | [cpu]Output in QEMU
SIFIVE, INC.
5555555555555555555555555
5555 5555
5555 5555
5555 5555
5555 5555555555555555555555
5555 555555555555555555555555
5555 5555
5555 5555
5555 5555
5555555555555555555555555555 55555
55555 555555555 55555
55555 55555 55555
55555 5 55555
55555 55555
55555 55555
55555 55555
55555 55555
55555 55555
555555555
55555
5
SiFive RISC-V Core IP
{
#address-cells = ;
#size-cells = ;
compatible = "riscv-virtio";
model = "riscv-virtio,qemu";
chosen {
linux,initrd-start = ;
linux,initrd-end = ;
riscv,kernel-start = ;
riscv,kernel-end = ;
bootargs = "";
stdout-path = ;
}
uart@10000000 {
interrupts = ;
interrupt-parent = ;
clock-frequency = ;
reg = ;
compatible = "ns16550a";
}
test@100000 {
reg = ;
compatible = "sifive,test0";
}
virtio_mmio@10008000 {
interrupts = ;
interrupt-parent = ;
reg = ;
compatible = "virtio,mmio";
}
virtio_mmio@10007000 {
interrupts = ;
interrupt-parent = ;
reg = ;
compatible = "virtio,mmio";
}
virtio_mmio@10006000 {
interrupts = ;
interrupt-parent = ;
reg = ;
compatible = "virtio,mmio";
}
virtio_mmio@10005000 {
interrupts = ;
interrupt-parent = ;
reg = ;
compatible = "virtio,mmio";
}
virtio_mmio@10004000 {
interrupts = ;
interrupt-parent = ;
reg = ;
compatible = "virtio,mmio";
}
virtio_mmio@10003000 {
interrupts = ;
interrupt-parent = ;
reg = ;
compatible = "virtio,mmio";
}
virtio_mmio@10002000 {
interrupts = ;
interrupt-parent = ;
reg = ;
compatible = "virtio,mmio";
}
virtio_mmio@10001000 {
interrupts = ;
interrupt-parent = ;
reg = ;
compatible = "virtio,mmio";
}
cpus {
#address-cells = ;
#size-cells = ;
timebase-frequency = ;
cpu@0 {
device_type = "cpu";
reg = ;
status = "okay";
compatible = "riscv";
riscv,isa = "rv64imafdcsu";
mmu-type = "riscv,sv48";
clock-frequency = ;
interrupt-controller {
#interrupt-cells = ;
interrupt-controller;
compatible = "riscv,cpu-intc";
linux,phandle = ;
phandle = ;
}
}
}
memory@80000000 {
device_type = "memory";
reg = ;
}
soc {
#address-cells = ;
#size-cells = ;
compatible = "simple-bus";
ranges;
pci@30000000 {
interrupt-map-mask = ;
interrupt-map = ;
ranges = ;
reg = ;
dma-coherent;
bus-range = ;
linux,pci-domain = ;
device_type = "pci";
compatible = "pci-host-ecam-generic";
#size-cells = ;
#interrupt-cells = ;
#address-cells = ;
}
interrupt-controller@c000000 {
linux,phandle = ;
phandle = ;
riscv,ndev = ;
riscv,max-priority = ;
reg-names = "control";
reg = ;
interrupts-extended = ;
interrupt-controller;
compatible = "riscv,plic0";
#interrupt-cells = ;
#address-cells = ;
}
clint@2000000 {
interrupts-extended = ;
reg = ;
compatible = "riscv,clint0";
}
}
}
[ 0.000000] HART = 0 DTB = 80e00000
[ 0.000000] search "chosen", depth: 0, uname:
[ 0.000000] search "chosen", depth: 1, uname: chosen
[ 0.000000] Looking for initrd properties...
[ 0.000000] initrd_start=0x88000000 initrd_end=0x88442b86
[ 0.000000] Command line is: earlyprintk
[ 0.000000] dt_root_size_cells = 2
[ 0.000000] dt_root_addr_cells = 2
[ 0.000000] memory scan node memory@80000000, reg size 16,
[ 0.000000] - 80000000 , 40000000
[ 0.000000] OF: fdt: Ignoring memory range 0x80000000 - 0x80200000
[ 0.000000] Linux version 4.19.0-sifive-1+ (trosinenko@trosinenko-pc) (gcc version 8.3.0 (Buildroot 2019.02-07449-g4eddd28f99)) #1 SMP Sat Jul 6 12:14:41 MSK 2019
[ 0.000000] bootconsole [early0] enabled
[ 0.000000] Initial ramdisk at: 0x(____ptrval____) (4467590 bytes)
[ 0.000000] Zone ranges:
[ 0.000000] DMA32 [mem 0x0000000080200000-0x00000000bfffffff]
[ 0.000000] Normal [mem 0x00000000c0000000-0x00000bffffffffff]
[ 0.000000] Movable zone start for each node
[ 0.000000] Early memory node ranges
[ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000000080200000-0x00000000bfffffff]
[ 0.000000] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000080200000-0x00000000bfffffff]
[ 0.000000] INITIAL: ffffffe000c00000
[ 0.000000] -> unflatten_device_tree()
[ 0.000000] Unflattening device tree:
[ 0.000000] magic: d00dfeed
[ 0.000000] size: 00000d56
[ 0.000000] version: 00000011
[ 0.000000] size is 14192, allocating...
[ 0.000000] unflattening (____ptrval____)...
[ 0.000000] fixed up name for ->
[ 0.000000] fixed up name for chosen -> chosen
[ 0.000000] fixed up name for uart@10000000 -> uart
[ 0.000000] fixed up name for test@100000 -> test
[ 0.000000] fixed up name for virtio_mmio@10008000 -> virtio_mmio
[ 0.000000] fixed up name for virtio_mmio@10007000 -> virtio_mmio
[ 0.000000] fixed up name for virtio_mmio@10006000 -> virtio_mmio
[ 0.000000] fixed up name for virtio_mmio@10005000 -> virtio_mmio
[ 0.000000] fixed up name for virtio_mmio@10004000 -> virtio_mmio
[ 0.000000] fixed up name for virtio_mmio@10003000 -> virtio_mmio
[ 0.000000] fixed up name for virtio_mmio@10002000 -> virtio_mmio
[ 0.000000] fixed up name for virtio_mmio@10001000 -> virtio_mmio
[ 0.000000] fixed up name for cpus -> cpus
[ 0.000000] fixed up name for cpu@0 -> cpu
[ 0.000000] fixed up name for interrupt-controller -> interrupt-controller
[ 0.000000] fixed up name for memory@80000000 -> memory
[ 0.000000] fixed up name for soc -> soc
[ 0.000000] fixed up name for pci@30000000 -> pci
[ 0.000000] fixed up name for interrupt-controller@c000000 -> interrupt-controller
[ 0.000000] fixed up name for clint@2000000 -> clint
[ 0.000000] <- unflatten_device_tree()
[ 0.000000] software IO TLB: mapped [mem 0xbb1fc000-0xbf1fc000] (64MB)
[ 0.000000] 0 ffffffe03effc808 [<NULL>] | [cpu]
[ 0.000000] 0 ffffffe03effca78 [<NULL>] | [cpu]
[ 0.000000] 0 ffffffe03effcd98 [<NULL>] | [cpu]
[ 0.000000] 0 ffffffe03effd068 [<NULL>] | [cpu]
[ 0.000000] 0 ffffffe03effd230 [<NULL>] | [cpu]
[ 0.000000] 0 ffffffe03effd4b8 [<NULL>] | [cpu]
[ 0.000000] 0 ffffffe03effd740 [<NULL>] | [cpu]
[ 0.000000] 0 ffffffe03effd9c8 [<NULL>] | [cpu]
[ 0.000000] 0 ffffffe03effdc50 [<NULL>] | [cpu]
[ 0.000000] 0 ffffffe03effded8 [<NULL>] | [cpu]
[ 0.000000] 0 ffffffe03effe160 [<NULL>] | [cpu]
[ 0.000000] 0 ffffffe03effe3e8 [<NULL>] | [cpu]
[ 0.000000] 0 ffffffe03effe670 [<NULL>] | [cpu]
[ 0.000000] 0 ffffffe03effe888 [cpu] | [cpu]
[ 0.000000] ffffffe03effe888 ffffffe03effec00 [<NULL>] | [cpu]
[ 0.000000] ffffffe03effe888 ffffffe03effeee8 [memory] | [cpu]
[ 0.000000] ffffffe03effe888 ffffffe03efff0b0 [<NULL>] | [cpu]
[ 0.000000] ffffffe03effe888 ffffffe03efff320 [pci] | [cpu]
[ 0.000000] ffffffe03effe888 ffffffe03efff858 [<NULL>] | [cpu]
[ 0.000000] ffffffe03effe888 ffffffe03efffd58 [<NULL>] | [cpu]
[ 0.000000] 0 ffffffe03effc808 [<NULL>] | [cpu]
[ 0.000000] 0 ffffffe03effca78 [<NULL>] | [cpu]
[ 0.000000] 0 ffffffe03effcd98 [<NULL>] | [cpu]
[ 0.000000] 0 ffffffe03effd068 [<NULL>] | [cpu]
[ 0.000000] 0 ffffffe03effd230 [<NULL>] | [cpu]
[ 0.000000] 0 ffffffe03effd4b8 [<NULL>] | [cpu]
[ 0.000000] 0 ffffffe03effd740 [<NULL>] | [cpu]
[ 0.000000] 0 ffffffe03effd9c8 [<NULL>] | [cpu]
[ 0.000000] 0 ffffffe03effdc50 [<NULL>] | [cpu]
[ 0.000000] 0 ffffffe03effded8 [<NULL>] | [cpu]
[ 0.000000] 0 ffffffe03effe160 [<NULL>] | [cpu]
[ 0.000000] 0 ffffffe03effe3e8 [<NULL>] | [cpu]
[ 0.000000] 0 ffffffe03effe670 [<NULL>] | [cpu]
[ 0.000000] 0 ffffffe03effe888 [cpu] | [cpu]
[ 0.000000] elf_hwcap is 0x112d
[ 0.000000] percpu: Embedded 17 pages/cpu @(____ptrval____) s29400 r8192 d32040 u69632
[ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 258055
[ 0.000000] Kernel command line: earlyprintk
[ 0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 8, 1048576 bytes)
[ 0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 7, 524288 bytes)
[ 0.000000] Sorting __ex_table...
[ 0.000000] Memory: 949716K/1046528K available (6565K kernel code, 342K rwdata, 2564K rodata, 208K init, 832K bss, 96812K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)
[ 0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1
[ 0.000000] rcu: Hierarchical RCU implementation.
[ 0.000000] rcu: RCU event tracing is enabled.
[ 0.000000] rcu: RCU restricting CPUs from NR_CPUS=8 to nr_cpu_ids=1.
[ 0.000000] rcu: Adjusting geometry for rcu_fanout_leaf=16, nr_cpu_ids=1
[ 0.000000] NR_IRQS: 0, nr_irqs: 0, preallocated irqs: 0
[ 0.000000] plic: mapped 53 interrupts to 2 (out of 2) handlers.
[ 0.000000] clocksource: riscv_clocksource: mask: 0xffffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x24e6a1710, max_idle_ns: 440795202120 ns
[ 0.000000] Console: colour dummy device 80x25
[ 0.000000] console [tty0] enabled
[ 0.000000] bootconsole [early0] disabled
[ 0.000000] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 20.00 BogoMIPS (lpj=100000)
[ 0.000000] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
[ 0.000000] Mount-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
[ 0.000000] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
[ 0.020000] rcu: Hierarchical SRCU implementation.
[ 0.020000] smp: Bringing up secondary CPUs ...
[ 0.020000] smp: Brought up 1 node, 1 CPU
[ 0.050000] devtmpfs: initialized
[ 0.050000] 0 ffffffe03effc808 [<NULL>] | [cpu]
[ 0.050000] 0 ffffffe03effca78 [<NULL>] | [cpu]
[ 0.050000] 0 ffffffe03effcd98 [<NULL>] | [cpu]
[ 0.050000] 0 ffffffe03effd068 [<NULL>] | [cpu]
[ 0.050000] 0 ffffffe03effd230 [<NULL>] | [cpu]
[ 0.050000] 0 ffffffe03effd4b8 [<NULL>] | [cpu]
[ 0.050000] 0 ffffffe03effd740 [<NULL>] | [cpu]
[ 0.050000] 0 ffffffe03effd9c8 [<NULL>] | [cpu]
[ 0.050000] 0 ffffffe03effdc50 [<NULL>] | [cpu]
[ 0.050000] 0 ffffffe03effded8 [<NULL>] | [cpu]
[ 0.050000] 0 ffffffe03effe160 [<NULL>] | [cpu]
[ 0.050000] 0 ffffffe03effe3e8 [<NULL>] | [cpu]
[ 0.050000] 0 ffffffe03effe670 [<NULL>] | [cpu]
[ 0.050000] 0 ffffffe03effe888 [cpu] | [cpu]
[ 0.050000] random: get_random_u32 called from bucket_table_alloc+0x76/0x17a with crng_init=0
[ 0.050000] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 19112604462750000 ns
[ 0.050000] futex hash table entries: 256 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
[ 0.060000] NET: Registered protocol family 16
[ 0.090000] vgaarb: loaded
[ 0.090000] SCSI subsystem initialized
[ 0.090000] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
[ 0.090000] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
[ 0.090000] usbcore: registered new device driver usb
[ 0.090000] pps_core: LinuxPPS API ver. 1 registered
[ 0.090000] pps_core: Software ver. 5.3.6 - Copyright 2005-2007 Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it>
[ 0.090000] PTP clock support registered
[ 0.100000] Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Initialized.
[ 0.100000] clocksource: Switched to clocksource riscv_clocksource
[ 0.110000] NET: Registered protocol family 2
[ 0.110000] tcp_listen_portaddr_hash hash table entries: 512 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
[ 0.110000] TCP established hash table entries: 8192 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
[ 0.110000] TCP bind hash table entries: 8192 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
[ 0.110000] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 8192 bind 8192)
[ 0.110000] UDP hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
[ 0.110000] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
[ 0.110000] NET: Registered protocol family 1
[ 0.120000] Unpacking initramfs...
[ 0.590000] workingset: timestamp_bits=62 max_order=18 bucket_order=0
[ 0.620000] Block layer SCSI generic (bsg) driver version 0.4 loaded (major 251)
[ 0.620000] io scheduler noop registered
[ 0.620000] io scheduler deadline registered
[ 0.620000] io scheduler cfq registered (default)
[ 0.620000] io scheduler mq-deadline registered
[ 0.620000] io scheduler kyber registered
[ 0.620000] shpchp: Standard Hot Plug PCI Controller Driver version: 0.4
[ 0.690000] Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 4 ports, IRQ sharing disabled
[ 0.690000] 10000000.uart: ttyS0 at MMIO 0x10000000 (irq = 10, base_baud = 230400) is a 16550A
[ 0.720000] console [ttyS0] enabled
[ 0.720000] [drm] radeon kernel modesetting enabled.
[ 0.720000] [drm] amdgpu kernel modesetting enabled.
[ 0.730000] loop: module loaded
[ 0.730000] libphy: Fixed MDIO Bus: probed
[ 0.740000] e1000e: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Driver - 3.2.6-k
[ 0.740000] e1000e: Copyright(c) 1999 - 2015 Intel Corporation.
[ 0.740000] ehci_hcd: USB 2.0 'Enhanced' Host Controller (EHCI) Driver
[ 0.740000] ehci-pci: EHCI PCI platform driver
[ 0.740000] ehci-platform: EHCI generic platform driver
[ 0.740000] mousedev: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
[ 0.740000] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
[ 0.740000] usbhid: USB HID core driver
[ 0.740000] usbcore: registered new interface driver snd-usb-audio
[ 0.740000] NET: Registered protocol family 10
[ 0.750000] Segment Routing with IPv6
[ 0.750000] sit: IPv6, IPv4 and MPLS over IPv4 tunneling driver
[ 0.750000] NET: Registered protocol family 17
[ 0.750000] Key type dns_resolver registered
[ 0.760000] ALSA device list:
[ 0.760000] No soundcards found.
[ 0.770000] Freeing unused kernel memory: 208K
[ 0.770000] This architecture does not have kernel memory protection.
[ 0.770000] Run /init as init process(The core outputs lines with "timestamped" data, before which the tree displays BBL) On one hand, FDT is successfully read, on the other - it results in some nonsense in the parsed "object" tree.
In the debugging process, I realized that BBL couldn't read the "double" address not because there was an error in the config, but simply because the root node was set. #address-cells = <1>; #size-cells = <1>;.
Expanding the debug output, I saw that the pointers to type and name "collided" in quite a strange way: their first (starting from zero) byte reset to something like 0xabcdef -> 0xab00ef. I had to use a familiar tactic: knowing the addresses where the corrupted memory is located, to append in the function printk prints of this data. And also distribute the calls printk where they are few. Unfortunately, it didn't become much clearer. Then I started manually setting breakpoints, referring to the disassembled objdump version and stepping through the problematic section of code. And here a mysterious and unpleasant discovery was made: if I immediately set a breakpoint far from the known-good state, stopping on it, I would see already corrupted memory. But if I try to stealthily approach it step by step, the error manages to hide! This smells like a bad memory controller and a cache concealing the error if the required value is constantly requested. But what if...
We replace the memory.
Clinging to the possibility of solving the problem not on my side, I suggested that maybe I simply got a defective memory stick. Then I remembered that a decade-old netbook is not only a portable computer but also a valuable source of DDR2 SO-DIMM. As a bonus, you can insert the memory taken from the board, and experience almost instant freezing of Memtest (by the way, Linux booted almost to the graphical shell during this time. But better not repeat such an experiment if your data on the mounted disks is dear to you...). On one hand, one could assume that the memory simply didn't fit this netbook. On the other hand, it was able to boot! There was hope that the memory was simply "bad", and the problem was not in my wrapper.
So, we need to try temporarily booting with netbook memory. Unfortunately, Quartus 18 cannot upgrade this IP Core to be editable. So, it's time to learn how to create new instances. It turned out to be quite simple: we look for the DDR2 SDRAM Controller with ALTMEMPHY Intel FPGA IP in the IP Catalog and get a block with the same interface as before. The only problem is setting the correct memory parameters.
We obtain the parameters of the memory module.
There is a relatively obvious way to configure the module: read the parameters from SPD. Indeed, if a regular computer reads SPD data and configures the controller accordingly, let’s read this data from the available netbook and input it into a table.
On Ubuntu, this is done : you need to install the package i2c-tools, load the modules eeprom and i2c-i801 (not sure if the second driver will work everywhere), after which to run decode-dimms.:
Output of decode-dimms
# decode-dimms version 6231 (2014-02-20 10:54:34 +0100)
Memory Serial Presence Detect Decoder
By Philip Edelbrock, Christian Zuckschwerdt, Burkart Lingner,
Jean Delvare, Trent Piepho and others
Decoding EEPROM: /sys/bus/i2c/drivers/eeprom/0-0050
Guessing DIMM is in bank 1
---=== SPD EEPROM Information ===---
EEPROM Checksum of bytes 0-62 OK (0x00)
SPD Revision Invalid
Fundamental Memory type Unknown (0x00)
---=== Manufacturing Information ===---
Manufacturer Undefined
Part Number Undefined
Decoding EEPROM: /sys/bus/i2c/drivers/eeprom/4-0050
Guessing DIMM is in bank 1
---=== SPD EEPROM Information ===---
EEPROM Checksum of bytes 0-62 OK (0x00)
SPD Revision Invalid
Fundamental Memory type Unknown (0x00)
---=== Manufacturing Information ===---
Manufacturer Undefined
Part Number Undefined
Decoding EEPROM: /sys/bus/i2c/drivers/eeprom/6-0050
Guessing DIMM is in bank 1
---=== SPD EEPROM Information ===---
EEPROM Checksum of bytes 0-62 OK (0x76)
# of bytes written to SDRAM EEPROM 128
Total number of bytes in EEPROM 256
Fundamental Memory type DDR2 SDRAM
SPD Revision 1.2
---=== Memory Characteristics ===---
Maximum module speed 800 MHz (PC2-6400)
Size 1024 MB
Banks x Rows x Columns x Bits 8 x 13 x 10 x 64
Ranks 2
SDRAM Device Width 16 bits
Module Height 30.0 mm
Module Type SO-DIMM (67.6 mm)
DRAM Package Planar
Voltage Interface Level SSTL 1.8V
Module Configuration Type No Parity
Refresh Rate Reduced (7.8 us) - Self Refresh
Supported Burst Lengths 4, 8
tCL-tRCD-tRP-tRAS 6-6-6-18
Supported CAS Latencies (tCL) 6T, 5T, 4T
Minimum Cycle Time 2.50 ns at CAS 6 (tCK min)
3.00 ns at CAS 5
3.75 ns at CAS 4
Maximum Access Time 0.40 ns at CAS 6 (tAC)
0.45 ns at CAS 5
0.50 ns at CAS 4
Maximum Cycle Time (tCK max) 8.00 ns
---=== Timing Parameters ===---
Address/Command Setup Time Before Clock (tIS) 0.17 ns
Address/Command Hold Time After Clock (tIH) 0.25 ns
Data Input Setup Time Before Strobe (tDS) 0.05 ns
Data Input Hold Time After Strobe (tDH) 0.12 ns
Minimum Row Precharge Delay (tRP) 15.00 ns
Minimum Row Active to Row Active Delay (tRRD) 10.00 ns
Minimum RAS# to CAS# Delay (tRCD) 15.00 ns
Minimum RAS# Pulse Width (tRAS) 45.00 ns
Write Recovery Time (tWR) 15.00 ns
Minimum Write to Read CMD Delay (tWTR) 7.50 ns
Minimum Read to Pre-charge CMD Delay (tRTP) 7.50 ns
Minimum Active to Auto-refresh Delay (tRC) 60.00 ns
Minimum Recovery Delay (tRFC) 127.50 ns
Maximum DQS to DQ Skew (tDQSQ) 0.20 ns
Maximum Read Data Hold Skew (tQHS) 0.30 ns
---=== Manufacturing Information ===---
Manufacturer Samsung
Manufacturing Location Code 0x02
Part Number M4 70T2864QZ3-CF7
Revision Code 0x3351
Manufacturing Date 2009-W34
Assembly Serial Number 0x79C64E9A
Number of SDRAM DIMMs detected and decoded: 3The problem is that some timings are not specified here, so let’s take the second path.
What we have written on the modules:
In this case, the inscription on the memory chips is more interesting: K4T1G164QQ-HCF7. By entering this line into Google, we get a datasheet of several dozen pages with all the necessary parameters that can be carefully typed into the IP Core settings. Just pay attention to the units of measurement: somewhere ns, somewhere— ps, and sometimes even fractions tCK.I won't teach you what to pay attention to—I have configured a lot through trial and error (I can't guarantee that this won’t 'burn' the memory or FPGA). I will just draw attention to one thing: I spent a long time trying to get the controller to work, and the last step was realizing that I need to check the width of all memory interfaces against the generated Verilog code: after all, when in MemIfBundle it is stated val mem_ba = IO(Output(UInt(2.W))), and there are 8 banks (i.e., address width of 3 bits), everything we have—a dangling output from the memory controller—is a problem, but not critical, so everything synthesizes, but does not work.
Perhaps everything would have worked with the old module if we updated the controller, but for now, I’m too lazy to deal with potential floating bugs: I have enough of my own.
So, after moving timebase-frequency in DTS from the level of a specific CPU to the node level. cpus (upon a clearly stated request to the core), we get:
Hidden text
[ 0.000000] OF: fdt: Ignoring memory range 0x80000000 - 0x80200000
[ 0.000000] Linux version 4.19.0-sifive-1+ (trosinenko@trosinenko-pc) (gcc version 8.3.0 (Buildroot 2019.02-07449-g4eddd28f99)) #1 SMP Tue Jul 9 22:42:36 MSK 2019
[ 0.000000] bootconsole [early0] enabled
[ 0.000000] Initial ramdisk at: 0x(____ptrval____) (16777216 bytes)
[ 0.000000] Zone ranges:
[ 0.000000] DMA32 [mem 0x0000000080200000-0x00000000bfffffff]
[ 0.000000] Normal [mem 0x00000000c0000000-0x00000bffffffffff]
[ 0.000000] Movable zone start for each node
[ 0.000000] Early memory node ranges
[ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000000080200000-0x00000000bfffffff]
[ 0.000000] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000080200000-0x00000000bfffffff]
[ 0.000000] software IO TLB: mapped [mem 0xbb1fc000-0xbf1fc000] (64MB)
[ 0.000000] elf_hwcap is 0x112d
[ 0.000000] percpu: Embedded 17 pages/cpu @(____ptrval____) s29400 r8192 d32040 u69632
[ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 258055
[ 0.000000] Kernel command line: debug console=ttySIF0,125200 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 loglevel=7 rootwait
[ 0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 8, 1048576 bytes)
[ 0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 7, 524288 bytes)
[ 0.000000] Sorting __ex_table...
[ 0.000000] Memory: 937696K/1046528K available (6565K kernel code, 343K rwdata, 2564K rodata, 208K init, 832K bss, 108832K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)
[ 0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1
[ 0.000000] rcu: Hierarchical RCU implementation.
[ 0.000000] rcu: RCU event tracing is enabled.
[ 0.000000] rcu: RCU restricting CPUs from NR_CPUS=8 to nr_cpu_ids=1.
[ 0.000000] rcu: Adjusting geometry for rcu_fanout_leaf=16, nr_cpu_ids=1
[ 0.000000] NR_IRQS: 0, nr_irqs: 0, preallocated irqs: 0
[ 0.000000] plic: mapped 8 interrupts to 1 (out of 2) handlers.
[ 0.000000] clocksource: riscv_clocksource: mask: 0xffffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x1d854df40, max_idle_ns: 3526361616960 ns
[ 0.000000] Console: colour dummy device 80x25
[ 0.000000] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 2.00 BogoMIPS (lpj=10000)
[ 0.020000] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
[ 0.030000] Mount-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
[ 0.040000] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
[ 0.140000] rcu: Hierarchical SRCU implementation.
[ 0.190000] smp: Bringing up secondary CPUs ...
[ 0.190000] smp: Brought up 1 node, 1 CPU
[ 0.220000] devtmpfs: initialized
[ 0.300000] random: get_random_u32 called from bucket_table_alloc+0x76/0x17a with crng_init=0
[ 0.330000] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 19112604462750000 ns
[ 0.340000] futex hash table entries: 256 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
[ 0.380000] NET: Registered protocol family 16
[ 1.850000] vgaarb: loaded
[ 1.870000] SCSI subsystem initialized
[ 1.900000] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
[ 1.910000] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
[ 1.920000] usbcore: registered new device driver usb
[ 1.930000] pps_core: LinuxPPS API ver. 1 registered
[ 1.940000] pps_core: Software ver. 5.3.6 - Copyright 2005-2007 Rodolfo Giometti
[ 1.950000] PTP clock support registered
[ 1.970000] Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Initialized.
[ 2.010000] clocksource: Switched to clocksource riscv_clocksource
[ 2.600000] NET: Registered protocol family 2
[ 2.640000] tcp_listen_portaddr_hash hash table entries: 512 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
[ 2.650000] TCP established hash table entries: 8192 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
[ 2.670000] TCP bind hash table entries: 8192 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
[ 2.700000] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 8192 bind 8192)
[ 2.720000] UDP hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
[ 2.730000] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
[ 2.750000] NET: Registered protocol family 1
[ 2.770000] Unpacking initramfs...
[ 23.980000] Initramfs unpacking failed: junk in compressed archive
[ 24.030000] workingset: timestamp_bits=62 max_order=18 bucket_order=0
[ 25.020000] Block layer SCSI generic (bsg) driver version 0.4 loaded (major 251)
[ 25.030000] io scheduler noop registered
[ 25.040000] io scheduler deadline registered
[ 25.050000] io scheduler cfq registered (default)
[ 25.060000] io scheduler mq-deadline registered
[ 25.060000] io scheduler kyber registered
[ 25.120000] sifive_gpio 64002000.gpio: SiFive GPIO chip registered 6 GPIOs
[ 25.150000] shpchp: Standard Hot Plug PCI Controller Driver version: 0.4
[ 28.870000] Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 4 ports, IRQ sharing disabled
[ 28.940000] sifive-serial 64000000.serial: unable to find controller clock
[ 28.950000] sifive-serial: probe of 64000000.serial failed with error -2
[ 28.980000] [drm] radeon kernel modesetting enabled.
[ 28.990000] [drm] amdgpu kernel modesetting enabled.
[ 29.500000] loop: module loaded
[ 29.610000] sifive_spi 64001000.spi: Unable to find bus clock
[ 29.620000] sifive_spi: probe of 64001000.spi failed with error -2
[ 29.640000] libphy: Fixed MDIO Bus: probed
[ 29.680000] e1000e: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Driver - 3.2.6-k
[ 29.690000] e1000e: Copyright(c) 1999 - 2015 Intel Corporation.
[ 29.700000] ehci_hcd: USB 2.0 'Enhanced' Host Controller (EHCI) Driver
[ 29.710000] ehci-pci: EHCI PCI platform driver
[ 29.720000] ehci-platform: EHCI generic platform driver
[ 29.750000] mousedev: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
[ 29.790000] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
[ 29.800000] usbhid: USB HID core driver
[ 29.820000] usbcore: registered new interface driver snd-usb-audio
[ 29.900000] NET: Registered protocol family 10
[ 29.960000] Segment Routing with IPv6
[ 29.960000] sit: IPv6, IPv4 and MPLS over IPv4 tunneling driver
[ 30.020000] NET: Registered protocol family 17
[ 30.020000] Key type dns_resolver registered
[ 30.070000] bootconsole [early0] uses init memory and must be disabled even before the real one is ready
[ 30.080000] bootconsole [early0] disabledAfter that, nothing visible happens.
Now we can try to tackle three issues:
[ 23.980000] Initramfs unpacking failed: junk in compressed archive
...
[ 28.940000] sifive-serial 64000000.serial: unable to find controller clock
...
[ 29.610000] sifive_spi 64001000.spi: Unable to find bus clock… as well as stopping the output to the console.
Dealing with two frequency issues is quite easy: you just need to add entries clocks to the required device subtrees, for convenience giving a clear name to the node label tlclk:
diff --git a/arch/riscv/dts/zeowaa-1gb.dts b/arch/riscv/dts/zeowaa-1gb.dts
index 4b2cebc..1347e76 100644
--- a/arch/riscv/dts/zeowaa-1gb.dts
+++ b/arch/riscv/dts/zeowaa-1gb.dts
@@ -96,6 +97,7 @@
L8: serial@64000000 {
compatible = "sifive,uart0";
interrupt-parent = <&L0>;
+ clocks = <&tlclk>;
interrupts = <2>;
reg = <0x64000000 0x1000>;
reg-names = "control";
@@ -107,6 +109,7 @@
interrupt-parent = <&L0>;
interrupts = <1>;
reg = <<0x64001000 0x1000>;
+ clocks = <&tlclk>;
reg-names = "control";
L12: mmc@0 {
compatible = "mmc-spi-slot";
@@ -116,7 +119,7 @@
voltage-ranges = <3300 3300>;
};
};
- L11: tlclk {
+ tlclk: tlclk {
#clock-cells = <0>;
clock-frequency = <<25000000>;
clock-output-names = "tlclk";By adding a line #define pr_debug printk at the beginning of the file init/initramfs.c, the output message about junk instead of initramfs gives a slightly more detailed message:
[ 2.760000] Unpacking initramfs...
[ 2.770000] Detected gzip compressed data
[ 23.940000] Detected (null) compressed data
[ 23.970000] Initramfs unpacking failed: junk in compressed archiveSo, it’s possible that the junk is not instead of initramfs, but with this, we were able to send requests at our discretion, including modifying headers, the HTTP method, parameters, and data that kube-controller-manager then processed..
Okay, it found something, maybe that’s enough. But where did the console go? The search yields a link to an issue on GitHub: — it turns out, one UART is, according to the driver, not even worth discussing. But dated July 11, 2018 — a year ago. It turns out this commit never made it into the tree from which my kernel is built. After manually applying this patch, I got a working Linux! It turned out that the initramfs problem was indeed not critical.
Logging in as user=root, password=sifive, I was able to without significant issues (other than figuring out that the GPIO number has a base from which everything is counted, and which just needs to be read from the corresponding pseudo-file) through sysfs turn on the LED on the board.
As before, I am attaching a text video of the Linux boot. At the moment of switching the console from earlyprintk to the standard one, there is some garbage that resembles the output from an incorrectly set UART speed. Interestingly, the player successfully handled this 'mush'.
Source: habr.com
