It is hard to believe that this Old Testament elder from the wealthy suburb of San Francisco is one of the founding fathers of the Runet.
Joel Schatz is a scientist, visionary, idealist and businessman, in his youth he loved experiments with consciousness, the psychedelic experience helped him to feel the interconnectedness of all elements of being.
Joel Schatz: hippie and IT entrepreneur.
“I wondered why without drugs the world seems so disconnected, then I realized that my mission is to develop information tools to help us all bring these separate pieces of reality together.”
Disclaimer. This article is a transcript of the wonderful film "Holivar" by Andrey Loshak. There are people who save time and love text, there are those who cannot watch videos at work or on the road, but are happy to read Habr, there are those who are hard of hearing for whom the audio track is inaccessible or difficult to perceive. We decided for all of them and you to decipher great content. Who still prefers the video - the link at the end.
At the height of the Cold War, Schatz went to the USSR to establish communications. Joseph Goldin, a Soviet mystic, visionary and entrepreneur, also became his friend and like-minded person. Goldin was also obsessed with the idea of communication across borders, becoming the organizer of the first teleconferences with America.
Teleconference Leningrad-Boston. 1986
“I would like to say that everything in our TV advertising revolves around sex. Do you have such TV commercials?
“But we have sex ... we don’t have sex and we are categorically against it.”
A cry from the audience: "We have sex, we have no advertising."
"This is mistake"!
Goldin fanatically believed in the power of television. Schatz goes the other way, agrees on cooperation with the Research Institute of Applied Automatic Systems. In short, VNIIPAS is the only organization in the Union with a dedicated channel to the west.
Joel Schatz: hippie and IT entrepreneur.
“I suggested connecting computers between the two countries, the director of the institute, Oleg Smirnov, liked the idea. But in order not to ask permission from the secret services, he called it an experiment. So our first connection between the computers of the two countries under the X25 protocol took place under the auspices of the experiment.”
This program for the first time tells about the predecessor of the Internet, international teleconferences held at VNIIPAS. Thanks to the biochemist Klyosov, the author of the story, you can see what the network looked like before the invention of the web.
Dmitry Klyosov. Biochemist and Internet pioneer.
“Here, in order to connect to a base foreign computer here, the computer that I use is in Canada, I give a short command and connect to Canada. That's it, the connection has happened and the system displays the so-called menu, saying that I have received five letters since my last job. These are the first two from Sweden I already see on the move, one from the USA, then Finland and then New Zealand. And then he reports which conferences in which I work, which new messages have accumulated.
Fragment of the program "Time". 1990
The other day in Moscow they signed an agreement on a joint Soviet-American venture unlike any other.
Formally, the new organization is called Owls Teleport.
Here is Oleg Smirnov, director of VNIIPAS.
“It will be possible to send a text, a table, a graph, a letter. Let's say San Francisco, New York or Canada."
This is Joel Schatz, director of the San Francisco-Moscow Teleport.
“The creation of a joint venture with our American partners, the joint venture Sovam Teleport, will serve to strengthen this process, which is currently underway in our country. Democratization, openness and the search for the right and necessary partners in all areas.
Alexey Kolesnikov. Technical director of "Owls-teleport" in 1990-1995
- "The Union wanted to be friends with the Americans then"?
“I don’t know, I can’t say that they wanted to be friends, they probably wanted to become part of a large, civilized world.”
Sovam Teleport became the first Internet provider in the USSR. In a couple of years Schatz will return to America.
Joel Schatz: hippie and IT entrepreneur.
“I never dreamed of devoting my life to building a telecommunications business in Russia, I was more interested in the process of establishing relations in the world in order to avoid a nuclear war. At that moment, it seemed that relations were really normalizing, it was a very optimistic time and we decided to return.”
Alexey Kolesnikov. Technical director of "Owls-teleport" in 1990-1995
“He was generally a slob, he was kicked out of the US army, he lived in the forest there with a tribe of hippies, experimenting with acid (LSD). The end of the 60s in San Francisco, what to say, it’s understandable ... Apparently he had a vision of some kind about how this world should be arranged, and it should be arranged in such a way that people can communicate with each other. Now when I meet him and talk to him, I ask, “Well, how are you? So everyone communicates with everyone, but they hate each other even more. He says that apparently this is the essence of man.
The emergence of the Internet coincided with the collapse of the Soviet system and the dream of Schatz and Goldin came true, the curtain fell, both in the real world and in the virtual.
Alexey Kolesnikov. Technical director of "Owls-teleport" in 1990-1995
Well, how old was I then, 25 or something, I was still young then, hanging out there with Slava Polunin, with artists, with musicians: some kind of Obermanneken, Kino, Boris Grebenshchikov. Well, what else do you need? They were interested then in the open world, which was behind the Iron Curtain. And they were in the office, of course, there were some crazy performances at concerts. They took the SS-20 missile carrier, strategic ballistic missiles, put Polunin on it with clowns and took it to Red Square.
Joel Schatz: hippie and IT entrepreneur.
“We did not have official permission, but the traffic police did not stop us because Iosif managed to convince them that the action was agreed at the very top. And that was the whole mind."
Alexey Kolesnikov. Technical director of "Owls-teleport" in 1990-1995
“We are all so young, thin here, here is my beautiful face with a tail, well, an Internet user, what is there.”
Sovam Teleport was renamed Russia Online, then sold to Golden Telecom, which in turn was taken over by Beeline for a record $4 billion. Entrepreneurial hippie Schatz woke up a wealthy man.
Joel Schatz: hippie and IT entrepreneur.
“We got rich and it was a shock to us, because it was not a desire to make money that brought us to the Soviet Union, but a desire to be useful, to bring Russians and Americans together so that the world would become safer.”
In the pedigree of Runet, of course, not only Californian hippies. After the invasion of Afghanistan, the Soviet Union was under sanctions. Under these conditions, a team of programmers managed to Russify the secretly exported American Unix operating system.
And build a network based on it. Many Unixoids worked in the computer center of the Kurchatov Institute.
Alexey Soldatov. Head of the Computing Center of the IAE named after I. V. Kurchatov in 1985-1992, the father of the Runet.
This is a network that united scientists, and most importantly, the network is flat. People communicate on the same level. Before that, if you want to get the results of another institute from this institute, then you need your selector to turn to that selector, and that selector sends instructions ... And then there was a horizontal connection, each with each, and an intensive exchange went on due to this. Articles, experimental results, and so on.
In this photo, Soviet programmers who received an award from the Council of Ministers for creating the DEMOS operating system (Interactive Unified Mobile Operating System), the domestic version of unix, young scientists managed to adapt advanced software to backward Soviet computers. The state did not punish the initiative, but encouraged it.
Leonid Egoshin. Runet's father.
They were awarded a prize, a medal, a diploma and 480 rubles each. They handed it to us in the Kremlin in the hall under the dome, which is visible from Red Square, right behind the Lenin Mausoleum. Do you know? Over there! And then we went out and we were photographed and the famous photo turned out.
In the California house of Natalia Paremskaya, the widow of the programmer Mikhail Paremsky, they celebrate Maslenitsa. Old unixoid friends gathered.
Natalya Paremskaya. Senior programmer.
“It was like that. Paremsky dragged these tapes from Unix on his stomach, from somewhere he comunized them. He dragged it through the gate, through the Kurchatov Institute, and then the people became interested. This was not a task of the party, the government, there was nothing like that. They were enthusiastic people. We were all very friendly. It was all very wonderful, you know, like the KSP is some kind of movement. You know, it was so heartfelt."
KSP is an amateur song club. Synonymous with the movement of lovers of the movement of bard songs.
The Soviet Union has always encouraged science working for defense. It is not surprising that scientific centers connected with nuclear physics were the first to join the network. IHEP (Institute for High Energy Physics) was aimed at cooperation with CERN (European Center for Nuclear Research) and partly with America.
Leonid Egoshin. Runet's father.
“Because many IHEP laboratories made equipment for joint experiments, communication was very necessary. The opportunity to connect then was through the director's only Moscow telephone line. A modem was put on this line and I provided an email station using Unix and a Soviet computer. It was a breakthrough."
Mikhail Popov. Senior programmer.
“Within an hour, we could talk to ten people from all over the world and get an answer. This is the thing that completely changed everything. No control! A feeling of completely new possibilities.
In 1991, there was a putsch, while Swan Lake was being broadcast on TV, providers were telling the world about what was happening in the country. Even then it became clear that the Internet can be an alternative source of information.
Alexey Soldatov. Head of the Computing Center of the IAE named after I. V. Kurchatova in 1985-1992, the father of Runet
They arranged a node at the Kurchatov Institute, a spare in Demos. We exchanged information. There was information of this type: “I am sitting on such and such a floor, tanks are moving to such and such an address.” After that, Yeltsin’s appeal was announced and we instantly conveyed, well, like us, I called my comrades and begged them not to go to the barricades, but to do their main business, because this is much more important.
Once a week, programmer Aleksey Rudnev tries to fly over San Francisco Bay, "to clear his head," as he says. The legendary unixoid, one of the winners of the award of the Council of Ministers, Rudnev left Russia almost 20 years ago, like many from that memorable photograph.
Alexey Rudnev. Runet's father.
“The first people who were leaders were former MNS and former lab managers, very honest and very illiterate in business. By the end of the 90s, businessmen had already arrived, there was more business, less technology, that is, it was no longer interesting, people began to look for new jobs, now our number is in the states, well, in my opinion it turned out 60/40 somewhere. Here it turned out a little more, but again, this is all very conditional. ”
Having gathered together, the fathers of the Runet often recall their homeland, where their skills were not needed.
Leonid Egoshin. Runet's father.
“It was the nineties. Then there was wild capitalism, the developers were on the side. It turned out that they are not the main problem, the problem is where to get money, buy a channel, persuade, rent a room.
Alexey Rudnev. Runet's father.
“That is, at the first stage, the developers were the main ones, at the second stage, the businessmen became the main ones, and now this is normal.”
Leonid Egoshin. Runet's father.
“And the whole scheme began to move somewhere else, it became clear that technical specialists would not be needed for a long time.”
Alexey Rudnev. Runet's father.
“Well, that’s not true either. They won't be in charge."
And many left.
Leonid Egoshin. Runet's father.
“Yes, my reason why we left, in general, was this. That is, it was clear that they would not be needed for a long time. ”
Have developers always been valued in the USA?
Leonid Egoshin. Runet's father.
"What are you, of course."
Most of the Russian-speaking users in the early 90s were scientists and graduate students of Western universities and research centers. The level of IQ in Runet was appropriate.
Roman Leibov. Philologist and pioneer of Runet.
The beginning that I found - it really was like that. Time for some American zavlabs. Naturally, they were Russian-speaking for me, but at the same time they were absolutely inscribed in the local system. I thought that if you came to the Internet, then how can you not understand English.
Alexey Andreev. Writer and Runet pioneer in 1994-1996 post-graduate student at the University of West Virginia.
There was still, of course, certain intellectual qualifications. That is, first of all, people who were sitting at universities came there. Or at least in some IT companies, that is, there were no repetitions in some sense. People were certainly strange and crazy, but they were not banal. They were all kind of interesting.
In 1993, the Web appeared, the World Wide Web, browsers made the Internet accessible not only to scientists.
Maxim Moshkov. Creator of the Moshkov Library resource.
“Closer to 1994, another channel was dragged into the department of mathematics. Already such a constant real Internet. And we start doing www, like all "white people". We don't know what it is. We know that we need to draw a page, arrange it in a special way. We go to the cernov server, almost the first www server in the world, there is the home page of the inventor of this very language http tsernovskaya, you know how it happens "About me", "About me". We download it and it says such and such, the inventor of the mosaic (Mosaic is the first web browser with a graphical interface), http, works there, then, “I have such and such a hobby”, “here is my photo “. All together the employees take this page, throw out the name of this dude, write themselves, replace the photo with their own, and now everyone has a personal page. In fact, this transfer, copy-paste, we don’t know anything, but we’ll copy everything, it just happened like that.
Dmitry Werner. The creator of the site anekdot.ru in 1994-1998 was a visiting professor at the University of Kentucky.
“In 1994, I found a website in the states, it was called Dazhdbog's grandsons, Dazhdbog's Grandsons, it was made by Sergey Naumov, a graduate student at one of the American universities, and there were instructions on how to Russify a computer, I Russified a Unix workstation, it was a complete delight. After four years of living abroad, I suddenly saw Russian words on my computer. The Russian Internet was very small back then.”
Herman Klimenko. Internet entrepreneur.
“We carefully hide how it all began, then there was the term“ two girls per hour ”, that is, when there was fido, there were 1200-bit modems, and now you were sitting and you had two pictures of girls of erotic content per hour. That is, nothing can be done - it was. They loaded very slowly, that's why there was a term "two girls per hour", sorry."
Art. Lebedev Studio is celebrating its 23rd anniversary. Now it is almost 300 employees and thousands of completed projects. When the web appeared, the designer of all Rus' was not yet twenty. He lived with his parents in the USA and was fond of computer graphics.
Artemy Lebedev. Designer of all Rus'.
“I came here and I was the first person who started drawing websites for money for people and so on. Among my first customers, in 1996-1997, were Hewlett-Packard, the Central Bank of Russia, I made the first website of the State Duma. That is, I was sitting at home in my kitchen, they came and ordered, because there was no one else to go to. I worked for days and did alone what 5 people began to do in one day, then my working day was 36 hours. I closed the curtains, I had two two-liter bottles of cola and a pizza with cigarettes, and I worked on this fuel only.
Roman Leibov. Runet Pioneer.
“Look, now we see Lotman. As we move, we keep seeing Lotman.”
“And this is where Lotman starts to disintegrate and turn into Cthulhu or something like that.”
While the quality of communication allowed downloading 2 girls per hour, the Internet was about text, not about pictures. It is symbolic that several pioneers of Runet were students of the great Lotman at the University of Tartu.
Roman Leibov. Runet Pioneer.
“Lotman came up with the semiosphere, the idea of the semiosphere is that a person is surrounded by signs that they themselves produce. When the Internet came, we saw what the semiosphere is.”
Another student of Lotman, Dmitry Itskovich, today is the owner of popular drinking establishments. In the mid-90s, in his apartment in Kalashny Lane, the editorial offices of the first online publications with the unpretentious names zhurnal.ru and polit.ru were located, this was the place where the Russian humanitarian Internet was “forged”.
Dmitry Itskovich. Entrepreneur and pioneer of Runet.
“We were given a modem and we had almost the first ethernet in Moscow right into the “golden brains”. From the window of my apartment, a direct beam rested on the Academy of Sciences, the Internet came to us through it, and in my room there were just 5 computers and someone continuously did something like that on them. We first made IRC conferences with Prigov, with Auctionon, with Pelevin.”
Then it was possible to call Pelevin and agree with him about something?
"In what sense"?
Well, he's not talking to anyone right now.
“Well, we didn’t offer nonsense. These were interesting, breakthrough things. He sat like that behind the door in the corner.
So that no one can see him?
“Well, yes, he narrowed his space so much and we are with him outside the door. And it was a huge former communal apartment. Never rebuilt, it was huge, absolutely monstrous, cockroaches lived there, there was no heating, there were windows that overlooked the Kremlin towers, because it was the top floor.
Alexey Andreev. Writer and Runet pioneer in 1994-1996 post-graduate student at the University of West Virginia.
“A bunch of rooms and corridors and you go and meet Nosik in one room, Tyoma Lebedev in another. Well, somehow, like this, I came once and met everyone at once. And they went in and out, and at that time someone was writing articles. Andrey Levkin was sitting and making Polit.ru, for example, the first site of political news.”
“But he was sitting in a corner. Here people play rock-n-roll… That was the first Russian Internet. Something like this".
Dmitry Itskovich. Entrepreneur and pioneer of Runet.
“We really have the first publications of Nosik, Linor Goralik, Zhenya Gorny, the editor-in-chief - also not bullshit there, and so on ... They were all quite strong, meaningful and then very cheerful, drinking, having fun people.”
“There were Mine Surveyors, Auctions, this same Zhenya Fedorov, Tekilla Jazz, from there they left and came to concerts. Well, such a conditional wild bohemian life, less than 12 people did not sit down for dinner.
Did you live in all this all the time or did you have some kind of separate ...
“No, I lived there. Then I got tired and transferred it to the clubs themselves.
Itskovich, together with partners, opened the OGI Project, the first institution in Moscow where you could buy both alcohol and books. He cooled to the network, the time of the romantic onslaught passed, and making money offline was both easier and more fun. At some point, there was so much text in Runet that online literature contests became fashionable. The most famous competition "Teneta" immediately began with a slap in the face of public taste.
Leonid Delitsyn. Programmer and Runet pioneer.
“A year, probably in 1997, Kirill Vorobyov appeared there, who wrote under the pseudonym Bayan Shiryanov and brought the novel “Basic Aerobatics” there, which shocked everyone, but was not at all what the organizers expected. It was a novel about drug addicts. And there we made drugs and used them there, and there were visions and the life of these people, terrible and terrible scenes that could well compete with Sorokin, etc. ”
“The scandal was that Anton Nosik dragged Shiryanov and some of the nominators and the jury said that it should be removed altogether, while others said that “well, how to remove, we agreed that we take everything and we have an honest competition, democratic as- would". And in the end they showed Strugatsky, Strugatsky said that this is also literature, he said carefully that it is similar to “The Life of Aliens”, this is also literature. And it was decided that “Yes, well, let him go.”
Shiryanov's scandalous novel became the winner of the competition; next year the writer himself will present the laureates with a special prize - a pile of the pornographic newspaper "More". The future deputy head of the presidential administration Sergei Kiriyenko will come to the ceremony and at some point he will be on the same stage with Shiryanov, then it was possible.
Then there was such a drive to break something, they banked in full, well, what should young people do? This is a normal state. At least you test the system for strength.
At the beginning of the XNUMXs, the “Walking Together” movement launched a real persecution of the writers Sorokin and Shiryanov: “Well, it’s impossible even to pick up this book, because it’s scum.” "Bad aerobatics" was withdrawn from sale, and a criminal case was opened against Shiryanov. Bayan Shiryanov, Kirill Vorobyov in the world, repeated the fate of his heroes. A few years ago he died of cirrhosis of the liver in poverty and oblivion.
"Girls, wash my ventricle and liver, I will become a good fellow again, I will become a good fellow again, I am healthy and bold."
One of the most fruitful branches of Runet leads to Jerusalem. In the early nineties, a company of repatriate friends formed here.
Arsen Revazov. Head of advertising agency IMHO.
“For another semi-joke, we just decided to go and sing on Beneuda Street, the main street of Jerusalem, such an Arbat, pedestrian, songs and look will not give us any money. Somehow they gave us some funny shekels, someone threw a bag of chips, something else like that. Well, somehow it all turned out to be fun.
Immediately three of this company will become important figures in Runet. Revazov and Nosik studied together in Moscow, in the third medical school. Already in Israel, they met another repatriate - Demyan Kudryavtsev.
Arsen Revazov. Head of advertising agency IMHO.
“No one really had money, but whoever had money shared it with everyone, fed everyone. They wrote texts, sang songs, went to some literary festivals, circles. Well, it was just a party. We fell in love. We were such an intellectual center of Jerusalem. Then in Moscow everything was not very good, everything was rather gloomy, but there, on the contrary, it was warm, fun.
Emelyan Zakharov studied at the third medical school together with Revazov and Nosik, did not leave Moscow anywhere, plunging headlong into the maelstrom of the dashing nineties.
Emelyan Zakharov. Founder of Cityline.
“I had a very close friend, a very close friend, Ilya Medkov, he was killed. He was at that time a very big businessman, probably, who would have become one of the great oligarchs, but alas, he did not live, he was killed.
Ilya Medkov, one of the first Russian multimillionaires, was killed in 1993 at the age of 26.
“I was engaged in a completely different business and I had a psychological breakdown, I just realized that I couldn’t just walk around the city where we hung out together, well, that’s all I can’t do, and I went to France, where actually I had the first and last binge in my life.
Having come out of a binge, Zakharov returned to Russia with the idea of creating an Internet provider with affordable prices. He called Nosik and Revazov, those Kudryavtsev and Lebedev, and so the legendary CITYLINE appeared.
Yegor Shuppe, a friend of Zakharov, an entrepreneur and son-in-law of Boris Berezovsky, became the CEO.
Egor Shuppe. President of Cityline in 1996-2001.
“Borya decided to meet with us. He said, “I’ll gather my people now, and you come there and we’ll talk.” Before that, we met one on one, just to explain about the Internet. He said, “why all this, you will do it, everything will be sorted out here,” something like that. And there was investment advice. Roma Abramovich, Yevgeny Shvindler, Alexander Voloshin stood next to me from the Borya side. Agreed on a commercial loan, all to be honest. It was a nightmare, because it turned out to be impossible to get money from Borya. Therefore, as a result, I had to find money in one place, Emelin found it in another place. Of this promised amount X, we received only 30%.
Artemy Lebedev. Designer of all Rus'.
»Money and the Internet - they did not combine at all. It was like being in a poets' rest home in the 50s, with people discussing money. This is impossible, because such a person was expelled immediately, as a vile businessman, huckster and speculator. And that means I started punching a hole, that means the content was free for readers, there was no subscription then, but these authors were already receiving royalties and it was a revolution. And in fact, Spout himself became one of the first authors. I came up with the name "Evening Internet" for him and he ran this daily column, which is extremely popular.
Arsen Revazov. Head of advertising agency IMHO.
“They put in a price of $36.60, back then the prices were in dollars, it was a flat fee, it was terribly cheap and you have absolutely unlimited access. And then, since it was quite obvious that nobody would need the Internet in itself, if there was no content, then Anton Nosik was involved in creating content.
Nosik by that time lived in Jerusalem, as befits a future evangelist, but soon he and his friends returned to Moscow.
Anton Nosik. The main apostle of Runet.
“I came back because the Internet started here, which I have been doing there for 2 years, and my friends started the Internet here. I was sitting in Jerusalem and working for my friends in Moscow, because what could be earned in tiny Israel in 1996 on the Internet could not be compared with the prospects and forecasts in Russia. The Russian-language Internet is within 200 million people ...
An astrophysicist from St. Petersburg, Dmitry Werner, made a successful career in Kentucky in the early nineties. He had a cute hobby, collecting and posting jokes online. anekdot.ru became the first daily updated site in RuNet, and soon just the first.
Dmitry Werner. The creator of the site anekdot.ru in 1994-1998 was a visiting professor at the University of Kentucky.
“There were no advertisements. But people said that there is a cool site and by the fall of 1996 there were not 100, but already 1000 people a day. At the time, that was a lot. In 1997, Rambler TOP 100 appeared, an Internet puzomerka, I set the counter and it turned out that I very quickly came out on top in general among all sites. By the way, Delicina, in my opinion, is an expression that jokes are Russian sex, all porn sites are in the lead, and we have a site with jokes.
Gradually, jokes began to interfere with doing science, it was necessary to choose, and top managers of Cityline offered to go to them for a good salary, giving them a domain name and Werner chose jokes.
“At that time, I absolutely did not understand the value of a domain name, I thought that I had moved once, moved a second time, and if anything, I would move again, since I did not sell the project to them. I went to work on the salary of an editor, I was not only offended, I was surprised when the whole project was sold to me without saying anything, when I opened some online publication and it was written that Cityline had sold anekdot.ru. Of course, that was the attitude, professor from America, not of this world. And this is partly true, of course there was no commercial acumen.
5 years ago, Werner made his dream come true, went into debt and bought his website from RBC. Too much had to be sacrificed for the sake of anecdotes in order to leave the beloved brainchild in the wrong hands.
Dmitry Werner. The creator of the site anekdot.ru in 1994-1998 was a visiting professor at the University of Kentucky.
“My wife and I worked together, she is also an astrophysicist, and of course she wanted me to do astrophysics too, and I went headlong into the Russian Internet. As a result, she stayed in America, and I returned to Russia.”
As Cityline grew, it faced new challenges. Lack of free lines and hackers. The problem of lines could not be solved, the hackers were sorted out.
Emelyan Zakharov. Founder of Cityline.
“Hackers, some guys had fun by bringing down the servers. They organized DDOS attacks, the servers “fell”, users did not receive the appropriate service, they cursed at us. It was not clear how to deal with this and I did the following thing. Any visit to the network, it occurs from the address of some. In general, it was possible to understand where, what, how. In general, they told me the address, I arrived at this address with a baseball bat, actually broke this man’s legs and left, after which not a single hacker attacked the Cityline servers, because they knew that the system administrators would not work in response, but simply arrived and in general...
In XNUMX, Boris Berezovsky fell out with newly elected President Putin and was forced to immigrate. Following him, Schuppe and his family also left.
Egor Shuppe. President of Cityline in 1996-2001.
“We all left, my house was taken away from me, several businesses were taken away from me. I am very sorry, of course, that we could not finish the job and I had to leave.
Now Egor Shuppe lives in his own house in the aristocratic suburb of London, but Cityline remembers the times with nostalgia.
Egor Shuppe. President of Cityline in 1996-2001.
“We are building the foundation, we are not alone, we are participants in the future of the Russian Internet. We were so infected with these ideas, and there were plenty of places for creativity, until, unfortunately, they began to turn it all into politics. This is probably the best company I've ever had. Not in terms of financial success or anything else, but in terms of spirit. We are like startups. They always had the courage. There was a banker, and now he has become a postman. But we were noble postmen.
In 2000, Zakharov and Schuppe successfully sold Cityline for $30 million. Schuppe will invest in Internet startups and become a successful venture capitalist. In Russia, a criminal case will be opened against him on charges of organizing the murder.
Emelyan Zakharov will make his dream come true and open a contemporary art gallery.
Demyan Kudryavtsev will become close to Boris Berezovsky and will be his right hand for a long time.
Revazov's company IMHO will become a leader in Internet advertising in Russia.
Anton Nosik will finally establish himself in the status of the main apostle of Runet.
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