As you know, indexes play an important role in the DBMS, providing a quick search for the desired records. That is why it is so important to serve them in a timely manner. A lot of material has been written about analysis and optimization, including on the Internet. For example, there was a recent review of this topic in .
There are many free and paid solutions for this. For example, there is ready , based on the adaptive index optimization method.
Next, consider a free utility , the author of which is .
The main technical difference between SQLIndexManager and a number of other analogues is given by the author himself и .
In the same article, we will take a look at the project and the possibilities of operating this software solution from the outside.
Discuss this tool .
Over time, most of the comments and bugs have been fixed.
So, let's move on to the SQLIndexManager utility itself.
The application is written in C# .NET Framework 4.5 in Visual Studio 2017 and uses DevExpress for forms:
and looks like this:
All requests are formed in the following files:
- Index
- Query
- Query Engine
- ServerInfo
When connecting to the database and sending queries to the DBMS, the application is signed as follows:
ApplicationName=”SQLIndexManager”
When the application starts, a modal window will open to add a connection:
Here, loading of the complete list of all instances of MS SQL Server available via local networks does not yet work.
You can also add a connection using the leftmost button on the main menu:
Next, the following queries to the DBMS will be launched:
- Getting information about the DBMS
SELECT ProductLevel = SERVERPROPERTY('ProductLevel') , Edition = SERVERPROPERTY('Edition') , ServerVersion = SERVERPROPERTY('ProductVersion') , IsSysAdmin = CAST(IS_SRVROLEMEMBER('sysadmin') AS BIT) - Getting a list of available databases with their brief properties
SELECT DatabaseName = t.[name] , d.DataSize , DataUsedSize = CAST(NULL AS BIGINT) , d.LogSize , LogUsedSize = CAST(NULL AS BIGINT) , RecoveryModel = t.recovery_model_desc , LogReuseWait = t.log_reuse_wait_desc FROM sys.databases t WITH(NOLOCK) LEFT JOIN ( SELECT [database_id] , DataSize = SUM(CASE WHEN [type] = 0 THEN CAST(size AS BIGINT) END) , LogSize = SUM(CASE WHEN [type] = 1 THEN CAST(size AS BIGINT) END) FROM sys.master_files WITH(NOLOCK) GROUP BY [database_id] ) d ON d.[database_id] = t.[database_id] WHERE t.[state] = 0 AND t.[database_id] != 2 AND ISNULL(HAS_DBACCESS(t.[name]), 1) = 1
After executing the above scripts, a window will appear containing brief information about the databases of the selected MS SQL Server instance:
It is worth noting that extended information is shown based on rights. If there , then you can select data from the view . If there are no such rights, then less data is simply returned so as not to slow down the request.
Here you need to select the databases of interest and click on the “OK” button.
Next, the following script will be executed for each selected database to analyze the state of the indexes:
Analysis of the state of indexes
declare @Fragmentation float=15;
declare @MinIndexSize bigint=768;
declare @MaxIndexSize bigint=1048576;
declare @PreDescribeSize bigint=32768;
SET NOCOUNT ON
SET ARITHABORT ON
SET NUMERIC_ROUNDABORT OFF
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb.dbo.#AllocationUnits') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE #AllocationUnits
CREATE TABLE #AllocationUnits (
ContainerID BIGINT PRIMARY KEY
, ReservedPages BIGINT NOT NULL
, UsedPages BIGINT NOT NULL
)
INSERT INTO #AllocationUnits (ContainerID, ReservedPages, UsedPages)
SELECT [container_id]
, SUM([total_pages])
, SUM([used_pages])
FROM sys.allocation_units WITH(NOLOCK)
GROUP BY [container_id]
HAVING SUM([total_pages]) BETWEEN @MinIndexSize AND @MaxIndexSize
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb.dbo.#ExcludeList') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE #ExcludeList
CREATE TABLE #ExcludeList (ID INT PRIMARY KEY)
INSERT INTO #ExcludeList
SELECT [object_id]
FROM sys.objects WITH(NOLOCK)
WHERE [type] IN ('V', 'U')
AND ( [is_ms_shipped] = 1 )
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb.dbo.#Partitions') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE #Partitions
SELECT [object_id]
, [index_id]
, [partition_id]
, [partition_number]
, [rows]
, [data_compression]
INTO #Partitions
FROM sys.partitions WITH(NOLOCK)
WHERE [object_id] > 255
AND [rows] > 0
AND [object_id] NOT IN (SELECT * FROM #ExcludeList)
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb.dbo.#Indexes') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE #Indexes
CREATE TABLE #Indexes (
ObjectID INT NOT NULL
, IndexID INT NOT NULL
, IndexName SYSNAME NULL
, PagesCount BIGINT NOT NULL
, UnusedPagesCount BIGINT NOT NULL
, PartitionNumber INT NOT NULL
, RowsCount BIGINT NOT NULL
, IndexType TINYINT NOT NULL
, IsAllowPageLocks BIT NOT NULL
, DataSpaceID INT NOT NULL
, DataCompression TINYINT NOT NULL
, IsUnique BIT NOT NULL
, IsPK BIT NOT NULL
, FillFactorValue INT NOT NULL
, IsFiltered BIT NOT NULL
, PRIMARY KEY (ObjectID, IndexID, PartitionNumber)
)
INSERT INTO #Indexes
SELECT ObjectID = i.[object_id]
, IndexID = i.index_id
, IndexName = i.[name]
, PagesCount = a.ReservedPages
, UnusedPagesCount = CASE WHEN ABS(a.ReservedPages - a.UsedPages) > 32 THEN a.ReservedPages - a.UsedPages ELSE 0 END
, PartitionNumber = p.[partition_number]
, RowsCount = ISNULL(p.[rows], 0)
, IndexType = i.[type]
, IsAllowPageLocks = i.[allow_page_locks]
, DataSpaceID = i.[data_space_id]
, DataCompression = p.[data_compression]
, IsUnique = i.[is_unique]
, IsPK = i.[is_primary_key]
, FillFactorValue = i.[fill_factor]
, IsFiltered = i.[has_filter]
FROM #AllocationUnits a
JOIN #Partitions p ON a.ContainerID = p.[partition_id]
JOIN sys.indexes i WITH(NOLOCK) ON i.[object_id] = p.[object_id] AND p.[index_id] = i.[index_id]
WHERE i.[type] IN (0, 1, 2, 5, 6)
AND i.[object_id] > 255
DECLARE @files TABLE (ID INT PRIMARY KEY)
INSERT INTO @files
SELECT DISTINCT [data_space_id]
FROM sys.database_files WITH(NOLOCK)
WHERE [state] != 0
AND [type] = 0
IF @@ROWCOUNT > 0 BEGIN
DELETE FROM i
FROM #Indexes i
LEFT JOIN sys.destination_data_spaces dds WITH(NOLOCK) ON i.DataSpaceID = dds.[partition_scheme_id] AND i.PartitionNumber = dds.[destination_id]
WHERE ISNULL(dds.[data_space_id], i.DataSpaceID) IN (SELECT * FROM @files)
END
DECLARE @DBID INT
, @DBNAME SYSNAME
SET @DBNAME = DB_NAME()
SELECT @DBID = [database_id]
FROM sys.databases WITH(NOLOCK)
WHERE [name] = @DBNAME
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb.dbo.#Fragmentation') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE #Fragmentation
CREATE TABLE #Fragmentation (
ObjectID INT NOT NULL
, IndexID INT NOT NULL
, PartitionNumber INT NOT NULL
, Fragmentation FLOAT NOT NULL
, PRIMARY KEY (ObjectID, IndexID, PartitionNumber)
)
INSERT INTO #Fragmentation (ObjectID, IndexID, PartitionNumber, Fragmentation)
SELECT i.ObjectID
, i.IndexID
, i.PartitionNumber
, r.[avg_fragmentation_in_percent]
FROM #Indexes i
CROSS APPLY sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats(@DBID, i.ObjectID, i.IndexID, i.PartitionNumber, 'LIMITED') r
WHERE i.PagesCount <= @PreDescribeSize
AND r.[index_level] = 0
AND r.[alloc_unit_type_desc] = 'IN_ROW_DATA'
AND i.IndexType IN (0, 1, 2)
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb.dbo.#Columns') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE #Columns
CREATE TABLE #Columns (
ObjectID INT NOT NULL
, ColumnID INT NOT NULL
, ColumnName SYSNAME NULL
, SystemTypeID TINYINT NULL
, IsSparse BIT
, IsColumnSet BIT
, MaxLen INT
, PRIMARY KEY (ObjectID, ColumnID)
)
INSERT INTO #Columns
SELECT ObjectID = [object_id]
, ColumnID = [column_id]
, ColumnName = [name]
, SystemTypeID = [system_type_id]
, IsSparse = [is_sparse]
, IsColumnSet = [is_column_set]
, MaxLen = [max_length]
FROM sys.columns WITH(NOLOCK)
WHERE [object_id] IN (SELECT DISTINCT i.ObjectID FROM #Indexes i)
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb.dbo.#IndexColumns') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE #IndexColumns
CREATE TABLE #IndexColumns (
ObjectID INT NOT NULL
, IndexID INT NOT NULL
, OrderID INT NOT NULL
, ColumnID INT NOT NULL
, IsIncluded BIT NOT NULL
, PRIMARY KEY (ObjectID, IndexID, ColumnID)
)
INSERT INTO #IndexColumns
SELECT ObjectID = [object_id]
, IndexID = [index_id]
, OrderID = CASE WHEN [is_included_column] = 0 THEN [key_ordinal] ELSE [index_column_id] END
, ColumnID = [column_id]
, IsIncluded = ISNULL([is_included_column], 0)
FROM sys.index_columns ic WITH(NOLOCK)
WHERE EXISTS(
SELECT *
FROM #Indexes i
WHERE i.ObjectID = ic.[object_id]
AND i.IndexID = ic.[index_id]
AND i.IndexType IN (1, 2)
)
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb.dbo.#Lob') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE #Lob
CREATE TABLE #Lob (
ObjectID INT NOT NULL
, IndexID INT NOT NULL
, IsLobLegacy BIT
, IsLob BIT
, PRIMARY KEY (ObjectID, IndexID)
)
INSERT INTO #Lob (ObjectID, IndexID, IsLobLegacy, IsLob)
SELECT c.ObjectID
, IndexID = ISNULL(i.IndexID, 1)
, IsLobLegacy = MAX(CASE WHEN c.SystemTypeID IN (34, 35, 99) THEN 1 END)
, IsLob = 0
FROM #Columns c
LEFT JOIN #IndexColumns i ON c.ObjectID = i.ObjectID AND c.ColumnID = i.ColumnID
WHERE c.SystemTypeID IN (34, 35, 99)
GROUP BY c.ObjectID
, i.IndexID
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb.dbo.#Sparse') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE #Sparse
CREATE TABLE #Sparse (ObjectID INT PRIMARY KEY)
INSERT INTO #Sparse
SELECT DISTINCT ObjectID
FROM #Columns
WHERE IsSparse = 1
OR IsColumnSet = 1
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb.dbo.#AggColumns') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE #AggColumns
CREATE TABLE #AggColumns (
ObjectID INT NOT NULL
, IndexID INT NOT NULL
, IndexColumns NVARCHAR(MAX)
, IncludedColumns NVARCHAR(MAX)
, PRIMARY KEY (ObjectID, IndexID)
)
INSERT INTO #AggColumns
SELECT t.ObjectID
, t.IndexID
, IndexColumns = STUFF((
SELECT ', [' + c.ColumnName + ']'
FROM #IndexColumns i
JOIN #Columns c ON i.ObjectID = c.ObjectID AND i.ColumnID = c.ColumnID
WHERE i.ObjectID = t.ObjectID
AND i.IndexID = t.IndexID
AND i.IsIncluded = 0
ORDER BY i.OrderID
FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE).value('(./text())[1]', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)'), 1, 2, '')
, IncludedColumns = STUFF((
SELECT ', [' + c.ColumnName + ']'
FROM #IndexColumns i
JOIN #Columns c ON i.ObjectID = c.ObjectID AND i.ColumnID = c.ColumnID
WHERE i.ObjectID = t.ObjectID
AND i.IndexID = t.IndexID
AND i.IsIncluded = 1
ORDER BY i.OrderID
FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE).value('(./text())[1]', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)'), 1, 2, '')
FROM (
SELECT DISTINCT ObjectID, IndexID
FROM #Indexes
WHERE IndexType IN (1, 2)
) t
SELECT i.ObjectID
, i.IndexID
, i.IndexName
, ObjectName = o.[name]
, SchemaName = s.[name]
, i.PagesCount
, i.UnusedPagesCount
, i.PartitionNumber
, i.RowsCount
, i.IndexType
, i.IsAllowPageLocks
, u.TotalWrites
, u.TotalReads
, u.TotalSeeks
, u.TotalScans
, u.TotalLookups
, u.LastUsage
, i.DataCompression
, f.Fragmentation
, IndexStats = STATS_DATE(i.ObjectID, i.IndexID)
, IsLobLegacy = ISNULL(lob.IsLobLegacy, 0)
, IsLob = ISNULL(lob.IsLob, 0)
, IsSparse = CAST(CASE WHEN p.ObjectID IS NULL THEN 0 ELSE 1 END AS BIT)
, IsPartitioned = CAST(CASE WHEN dds.[data_space_id] IS NOT NULL THEN 1 ELSE 0 END AS BIT)
, FileGroupName = fg.[name]
, i.IsUnique
, i.IsPK
, i.FillFactorValue
, i.IsFiltered
, a.IndexColumns
, a.IncludedColumns
FROM #Indexes i
JOIN sys.objects o WITH(NOLOCK) ON o.[object_id] = i.ObjectID
JOIN sys.schemas s WITH(NOLOCK) ON s.[schema_id] = o.[schema_id]
LEFT JOIN #AggColumns a ON a.ObjectID = i.ObjectID AND a.IndexID = i.IndexID
LEFT JOIN #Sparse p ON p.ObjectID = i.ObjectID
LEFT JOIN #Fragmentation f ON f.ObjectID = i.ObjectID AND f.IndexID = i.IndexID AND f.PartitionNumber = i.PartitionNumber
LEFT JOIN (
SELECT ObjectID = [object_id]
, IndexID = [index_id]
, TotalWrites = NULLIF([user_updates], 0)
, TotalReads = NULLIF([user_seeks] + [user_scans] + [user_lookups], 0)
, TotalSeeks = NULLIF([user_seeks], 0)
, TotalScans = NULLIF([user_scans], 0)
, TotalLookups = NULLIF([user_lookups], 0)
, LastUsage = (
SELECT MAX(dt)
FROM (
VALUES ([last_user_seek])
, ([last_user_scan])
, ([last_user_lookup])
, ([last_user_update])
) t(dt)
)
FROM sys.dm_db_index_usage_stats WITH(NOLOCK)
WHERE [database_id] = @DBID
) u ON i.ObjectID = u.ObjectID AND i.IndexID = u.IndexID
LEFT JOIN #Lob lob ON lob.ObjectID = i.ObjectID AND lob.IndexID = i.IndexID
LEFT JOIN sys.destination_data_spaces dds WITH(NOLOCK) ON i.DataSpaceID = dds.[partition_scheme_id] AND i.PartitionNumber = dds.[destination_id]
JOIN sys.filegroups fg WITH(NOLOCK) ON ISNULL(dds.[data_space_id], i.DataSpaceID) = fg.[data_space_id]
WHERE o.[type] IN ('V', 'U')
AND (
f.Fragmentation >= @Fragmentation
OR
i.PagesCount > @PreDescribeSize
OR
i.IndexType IN (5, 6)
)
As you can see from the queries themselves, temporary tables are used quite often. This is done so that there are no recompiles, and in the case of a large scheme, the plan could be generated in parallel when inserting data, because inserting with table variables is possible only in one thread.
After executing the above script, a window with the index table will appear:
You can also display other detailed information here, such as:
- database
- number of sections
- date and time of last access
- compression
- filegroup
etc.
The columns themselves can be configured:
In the cells of the Fix column, you can choose what action will be performed during optimization. Also, at the end of the scan, the default action is selected based on the selected settings:
You must select the desired indexes for processing.
Using the main menu, you can save the script (the same button starts the index optimization process itself):
and save the table in different formats (the same button allows you to open detailed settings for analyzing and optimizing indexes):
You can also update the information by clicking on the third button on the left in the main menu next to the magnifying glass.
The magnifying glass button allows you to select the desired databases for review.
There is currently no complete help system. Therefore, pressing the “?” will simply cause the appearance of a modal window containing basic information about the software product:
In addition to all of the above, there is a search bar in the main menu:
When starting the index optimization process:
Also at the bottom of the window you can view the log of the actions performed:
In the detailed settings window for index analysis and optimization, you can configure more subtle options:
App Wishes:
- make it possible to selectively update statistics not only for indexes and also in different ways (fully update or partially update)
- make it possible not only to select a database, but also different servers (this is very convenient when there are many instances of MS SQL Server)
- for greater flexibility in use, it is proposed to wrap the commands in libraries and output them to PowerShell commands, as is done, for example, here:
- make it possible to save and change personal settings both for the entire application and, if necessary, for each instance of MS SQL Server and each database
- from paragraphs 2 and 4 follows the desire to make groups by databases and groups by instances of MS SQL Server, for which the settings are the same
- do a search for duplicate indexes (full and incomplete, which either differ slightly, or differ only in included columns)
- Since SQLIndexManager is used only for MS SQL Server DBMS, it is necessary to reflect this in the name, for example, as follows: SQLIndexManager for MS SQL Server
- move all parts of the non-GUI application into separate modules and rewrite to .NET Core 2.1
At the time of writing, clause 6 of the wishes is being actively developed and there is already support in the form of searching for complete and similar duplicates:
Sources of
Source: habr.com