One method to obtain the history of locks in PostgreSQL

Continuation of the article "Attempt to create an ASH equivalent for PostgreSQL «.

The article will explore and illustrate with specific queries and examples the useful information that can be obtained using the pg_locks view.

Warning.
Given the novelty of the topic and the ongoing testing period, the article may contain errors. Critique and feedback are always welcomed and expected.

Input data

The pg_locks View History

archive_locking

CREATE TABLE archive_locking 
(       timepoint timestamp without time zone ,
	locktype text ,
	relation oid ,
	mode text ,
	tid xid ,
	vtid text ,
	pid integer ,
	blocking_pids integer[] ,
	granted boolean ,
        queryid bigint 
);

Essentially, the table is similar to the one archive_pg_stat_activity, described in more detail here — pg_stat_statements + pg_stat_activity + loq_query = pg_ash? and here — An attempt to create an ASH equivalent for PostgreSQL.

To populate the column queryid the function is used

update_history_locking_by_queryid

--update_history_locking_by_queryid.sql
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION update_history_locking_by_queryid() RETURNS boolean AS $$
DECLARE
  result boolean ;
  current_minute double precision ; 
  
  start_minute integer ;
  finish_minute integer ;
  
  start_period timestamp without time zone ;
  finish_period timestamp without time zone ;
  
  lock_rec record ; 
  endpoint_rec record ;
  
  current_hour_diff double precision ;
BEGIN
  RAISE NOTICE '***update_history_locking_by_queryid';
  
  result = TRUE ;
  
  current_minute = extract ( minute from now() );

  SELECT * FROM endpoint WHERE is_need_monitoring
  INTO endpoint_rec ;
  
  current_hour_diff = endpoint_rec.hour_diff ;
  
  IF current_minute < 5 
  THEN
	RAISE NOTICE 'Current time is less than 5 minutes.';
	
	start_period = date_trunc('hour',now()) + (current_hour_diff * interval '1 hour');
    finish_period = start_period - interval '5 minutes' ;
  ELSE 
    finish_minute =  extract ( minute from now() ) / 5 ;
    start_minute =  finish_minute - 1 ;
  
    start_period = date_trunc('hour',now()) + interval '1 minute'*start_minute*5+(current_hour_diff * interval '1 hour');
    finish_period = date_trunc('hour',now()) + interval '1 minute'*finish_minute*5+(current_hour_diff * interval '1 hour') ;
    
  END IF ;  
  
  RAISE NOTICE 'start_period = %', start_period;
  RAISE NOTICE 'finish_period = %', finish_period;

	FOR lock_rec IN   
	WITH act_queryid AS
	 (
		SELECT 
				pid , 
				timepoint ,
				query_start AS started ,			
				MAX(timepoint) OVER (PARTITION BY pid ,	query_start   ) AS finished ,			
				queryid 
		FROM 
				activity_hist.history_pg_stat_activity 			
		WHERE 			
				timepoint BETWEEN start_period and 
								  finish_period
		GROUP BY 
				pid , 
				timepoint ,  
				query_start ,
				queryid 
	 ),
	 lock_pids AS
		(
			SELECT
				hl.pid , 
				hl.locktype  ,
				hl.mode ,
				hl.timepoint , 
				MIN ( timepoint ) OVER (PARTITION BY pid , locktype  ,mode ) as started 
			FROM 
				activity_hist.history_locking hl
			WHERE 
				hl.timepoint between start_period and 
								     finish_period
			GROUP BY 
				hl.pid , 
				hl.locktype  ,
				hl.mode ,
				hl.timepoint 
		)
	SELECT 
		lp.pid , 
		lp.locktype  ,
		lp.mode ,
		lp.timepoint ,     
		aq.queryid 
	FROM lock_pids 	lp LEFT OUTER JOIN act_queryid aq ON ( lp.pid = aq.pid AND lp.started BETWEEN aq.started AND aq.finished )
	WHERE aq.queryid IS NOT NULL 
	GROUP BY  
		lp.pid , 
		lp.locktype  ,
		lp.mode ,
		lp.timepoint , 
		aq.queryid
	LOOP
		UPDATE activity_hist.history_locking SET queryid = lock_rec.queryid 
		WHERE pid = lock_rec.pid AND locktype = lock_rec.locktype AND mode = lock_rec.mode AND timepoint = lock_rec.timepoint ;	
	END LOOP;    
  
  RETURN result ;
END
$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;

Explanation: The value of the queryid column is updated in the history_locking table, and then when a new section is created for the archive_locking table, the value will be preserved in historical values.

Output data

General information on processes as a whole.

WAITING FOR LOCKS BY LOCKTYPES

Query

WITH
t AS
(
	SELECT 
		locktype  ,
		mode ,
		count(*) as total 
	FROM 
		activity_hist.archive_locking
	WHERE 
		timepoint between pg_stat_history_begin+(current_hour_diff * interval '1 hour') AND pg_stat_history_end+(current_hour_diff * interval '1 hour') AND 
		NOT granted
	GROUP BY 
		locktype  ,
		mode  
)
SELECT 
	locktype  ,
	mode ,
	total * interval '1 second' as duration			
FROM t 		
ORDER BY 3 DESC 

Example

| WAITING FOR LOCKS BY LOCKTYPES
+--------------------+------------------------------+--------------------
|            locktype|                          mode|            duration
+--------------------+------------------------------+--------------------
|       transactionid|                     ShareLock|            19:39:26
|               tuple|           AccessExclusiveLock|            00:03:35
+--------------------+------------------------------+--------------------

TAKINGS OF LOCKS BY LOCKTYPES

Query

WITH
t AS
(
	SELECT 
		locktype  ,
		mode ,
		count(*) as total 
	FROM 
		activity_hist.archive_locking
	WHERE 
		timepoint between pg_stat_history_begin+(current_hour_diff * interval '1 hour') AND pg_stat_history_end+(current_hour_diff * interval '1 hour') AND 
		granted
	GROUP BY 
		locktype  ,
		mode  
)
SELECT 
	locktype  ,
	mode ,
	total * interval '1 second' as duration			
FROM t 		
ORDER BY 3 DESC 

Example

| TAKINGS OF  LOCKS BY LOCKTYPES
+--------------------+------------------------------+--------------------
|            locktype|                          mode|            duration
+--------------------+------------------------------+--------------------
|            relation|              RowExclusiveLock|            51:11:10
|          virtualxid|                 ExclusiveLock|            48:10:43
|       transactionid|                 ExclusiveLock|            44:24:53
|            relation|               AccessShareLock|            20:06:13
|               tuple|           AccessExclusiveLock|            17:58:47
|               tuple|                 ExclusiveLock|            01:40:41
|            relation|      ShareUpdateExclusiveLock|            00:26:41
|              object|              RowExclusiveLock|            00:00:01
|       transactionid|                     ShareLock|            00:00:01
|              extend|                 ExclusiveLock|            00:00:01
+--------------------+------------------------------+--------------------

Detailed information on specific queryid requests

WAITING FOR LOCKS BY LOCKTYPES BY QUERYID

Query

WITH
lt AS
(
	SELECT
		pid , 
		locktype  ,
		mode ,
		timepoint , 
		queryid , 
		blocking_pids ,
                MIN ( timepoint ) OVER (PARTITION BY pid , locktype  ,mode ) as started  
	FROM 
		activity_hist.archive_locking
	WHERE 
		timepoint between pg_stat_history_begin+(current_hour_diff * interval '1 hour') AND 
			                  pg_stat_history_end+(current_hour_diff * interval '1 hour') AND 
		NOT granted AND
	       queryid IS NOT NULL 
	GROUP BY 
	        pid , 
		locktype  ,
		mode ,
		timepoint ,
		queryid ,
		blocking_pids 
)
SELECT 
        lt.pid , 
	lt.locktype  ,
	lt.mode ,			
        lt.started ,
	lt.queryid  ,
	lt.blocking_pids ,
	COUNT(*)  * interval '1 second'	 as duration		
FROM lt 	
GROUP BY 
	lt.pid , 
        lt.locktype  ,
	lt.mode ,			
        lt.started ,
        lt.queryid ,
	lt.blocking_pids 
ORDER BY 4

Example

| WAITING FOR LOCKS BY LOCK TYPES BY QUERY ID
+----------+-------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------
|       pid|                 lock type|                mode|                       started|             query id|       blocking pids|            duration
+----------+-------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------
|     11288|            transaction id|           Share Lock|    2019-09-17 10:00:00.302936|  389015618226997618|             {11092}|            00:03:34
|     11626|            transaction id|           Share Lock|    2019-09-17 10:00:21.380921|  389015618226997618|             {12380}|            00:00:29
|     11626|            transaction id|           Share Lock|    2019-09-17 10:00:21.380921|  389015618226997618|             {11092}|            00:03:25
|     11626|            transaction id|           Share Lock|    2019-09-17 10:00:21.380921|  389015618226997618|             {12213}|            00:01:55
|     11626|            transaction id|           Share Lock|    2019-09-17 10:00:21.380921|  389015618226997618|             {12751}|            00:00:01
|     11629|            transaction id|           Share Lock|    2019-09-17 10:00:24.331935|  389015618226997618|             {11092}|            00:03:22
|     11629|            transaction id|           Share Lock|    2019-09-17 10:00:24.331935|  389015618226997618|             {12007}|            00:00:01
|     12007|            transaction id|           Share Lock|    2019-09-17 10:05:03.327933|  389015618226997618|             {11629}|            00:00:13
|     12007|            transaction id|           Share Lock|    2019-09-17 10:05:03.327933|  389015618226997618|             {11092}|            00:01:10
|     12007|            transaction id|           Share Lock|    2019-09-17 10:05:03.327933|  389015618226997618|             {11288}|            00:00:05
|     12213|            transaction id|           Share Lock|    2019-09-17 10:06:07.328019|  389015618226997618|             {12007}|            00:00:10

TAKING LOCKS BY LOCK TYPES BY QUERY ID

Query

WITH
lt AS
(
	SELECT
		pid , 
		lock type ,
		mode ,
		time point , 
		query id , 
		blocking pids ,
                MIN ( time point ) OVER (PARTITION BY pid , lock type ,mode ) as started  
	FROM 
		activity_hist.archive_locking
	WHERE 
		time point between pg_stat_history_begin+(current_hour_diff * interval '1 hour') AND 
			                  pg_stat_history_end+(current_hour_diff * interval '1 hour') AND 
		granted AND
		query id IS NOT NULL 
	GROUP BY 
	        pid , 
		lock type ,
		mode ,
		time point ,
		query id ,
		blocking pids 
)
SELECT 
        lt.pid , 
	lt.lock type ,
	lt.mode ,			
        lt.started ,
	lt.query id ,
	lt.blocking pids ,
	COUNT(*)  * interval '1 second'	 as duration			
FROM lt 	
GROUP BY 
	lt.pid , 
	lt.lock type ,
	lt.mode ,			
        lt.started ,
	lt.query id ,
	lt.blocking pids 
ORDER BY 4

Example

| TAKING LOCKS BY LOCKTYPES BY QUERYID
+----------+-------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------
|       pid|                 locktype|                mode|                       started|             queryid|       blocking_pids|            duration
+----------+-------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------
|     11288|                 relation|    RowExclusiveLock|    2019-09-17 10:00:00.302936|  389015618226997618|             {11092}|            00:03:34
|     11092|            transactionid|       ExclusiveLock|    2019-09-17 10:00:00.302936|  389015618226997618|                  {}|            00:03:34
|     11288|                 relation|    RowExclusiveLock|    2019-09-17 10:00:00.302936|  389015618226997618|                  {}|            00:00:10
|     11092|                 relation|    RowExclusiveLock|    2019-09-17 10:00:00.302936|  389015618226997618|                  {}|            00:03:34
|     11092|               virtualxid|       ExclusiveLock|    2019-09-17 10:00:00.302936|  389015618226997618|                  {}|            00:03:34
|     11288|               virtualxid|       ExclusiveLock|    2019-09-17 10:00:00.302936|  389015618226997618|             {11092}|            00:03:34
|     11288|            transactionid|       ExclusiveLock|    2019-09-17 10:00:00.302936|  389015618226997618|             {11092}|            00:03:34
|     11288|                    tuple| AccessExclusiveLock|    2019-09-17 10:00:00.302936|  389015618226997618|             {11092}|            00:03:34

Using lock history for performance incident analysis.

  1. The request with queryid=389015618226997618 executed by the process with pid=11288 has been waiting for a lock since 2019-09-17 10:00:00 for 3 minutes.
  2. The lock was held by the process with pid=11092.
  3. The process with pid=11092, executing the request with queryid=389015618226997618 since 2019-09-17 10:00:00, held the lock for 3 minutes.

Summary

Now, hopefully, the most interesting and useful part begins — collecting statistics and analyzing cases based on the history of waits and locks.

In the future, I hope to create a set of notes (similar to Oracle's metalink).

Overall, this is precisely why the methodology we use is quickly made available for public awareness.

I will try to upload the project to GitHub very soon.

Source: habr.com

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