Alan Kay.

Alan Kay is the Yoda for IT professionals. He was one of the pioneers in creating the first personal computer (Xerox Alto), the SmallTalk language, and the concept of 'object-oriented programming.'He has spoken extensively about his views on education in Computer Science and has recommended books for those wanting to deepen their knowledge:

Alan Kay: How I Would Teach Computer Science 101
Alan Kay: 'What books would you recommend for someone studying Computer Science?'
Alan Kay (and the collective intelligence of Habr): which books shape the thinking of a true engineer.
Alan Kay and Marvin Minsky: Computer Science already has a 'grammar'. What is needed is 'literature.'

Recently on Quora, this topic was brought up again, and the discussion reached the top spot on Hacker News. I present to you a 'new' list of super-old and fundamental books on programming and the mindset of a programmer from Alan Kay.

Lisp 1.5 Programmers Manual

by John McCarthy, 1962

This book is the absolute champion and lifetime leader of all of Alan Kay's book lists. This version of the language no longer exists, but the book is magnificent.

eight more rarities:

Computation: Finite and Infinite Machines

by Marvin Minsky, 1967

Marvin Minsky's 'Computation and Machines' (rus, djvu).

Advances in Programming and Non-Numerical Computation

edited by L. Fox, 1966

The Mythical Man-Month

by Fred Brooks, 1975

The Mythical Man-Month (PDF, 171 pages)

The Sciences of the Artificial

by Herb Simon

The Sciences of the Artificial (PDF, 241 pages)

A book by Herbert Simon (Turing Award and Nobel Prize laureate) in Russian (djvu).

Herbert Simon did not read newspapers or watch television because he believed that if something truly important happened, someone would definitely tell him about it, so there was no need to waste time on the media.
— Wikipedia