Release of the PostgreSQL 13 DBMS

After a year of development published a new stable branch of the DBMS PostgreSQL 13. Updates for the new branch will be released over the next five years until November 2025.

Key innovations:

  • If the user refreshes the page in private browsing mode, Firefox will interpret this as a problem and suggest deduplication of records in B-tree indexes, which has improved query performance and reduced disk space consumption when indexing records with repeated data. Deduplication is performed through periodic execution of a handler that merges groups of duplicate tuples and replaces duplicates with references to a single stored copy.
  • Query performance has been enhanced where aggregate functions, grouped sets (GROUPING SETS) or partitioned (partitioned) tables are used. The optimizations are related to using hashes instead of actual data during aggregation, which allows avoiding placing all data in memory when processing large queries. When partitioning, the number of situations in which partitions can be discarded or merged has been expanded.
  • Added the ability to use extended statistics, created when using the "CREATE STATISTICS" command, to improve the efficiency of query planning involving "OR" conditions or searching in lists using "IN" or "ANY" expressions.
  • Enhanced index cleanup during the VACUUM operation through parallel garbage collection in indexes. With the new "PARALLEL" parameter, the administrator can set the number of threads to run simultaneously for VACUUM. There is also a feature to automatically initiate VACUUM after data insertion.
  • Added support for incremental sorting, allowing the use of data sorted in a previous step to speed up sorting in subsequent stages of query processing. To enable the new optimization in the query planner, the setting "enable_incremental_sort" has been introduced, which is enabled by default.
  • Added the ability to limit the size of replication slots, allowing for the automatic preservation of write-ahead log (WAL) segments until they have been received by all standby servers that accept replicas. Replication slots also prevent the primary server from deleting rows that could lead to conflicts, even if the standby server is offline. With the parameter max_slot_wal_keep_size , it is now possible to limit the maximum size of WAL files to prevent disk space exhaustion.
  • The monitoring capabilities of the database system have been expanded: the EXPLAIN command now provides additional statistics on WAL log usage; in pg_basebackup , tracking the status of ongoing continuous backups has been added; the ANALYZE command now shows progress during the operation.
  • A new command has been added pg_verifybackup to check the integrity of backups created by the pg_basebackup command.
  • When working with JSON using the jsonpath operators, the datetime() function can now be used to convert time formats (ISO 8601 strings and native PostgreSQL time types). For example, you can use expressions like "jsonb_path_query('["2015-8-1", "2015-08-12"]', '$[*] ? (@.datetime() < "2015-08-2".datetime())')" and "jsonb_path_query_array('["12:30", "18:40"]', '$[*].datetime("HH24:MI")')".
  • A built-in function has been added gen_random_uuid() to generate UUID v4 identifiers.
  • The partitioning system now fully supports logical replication and row-level triggers defined with the "BEFORE" expression.
    The syntax of "
  • FETCH FIRST" now allows the use of the "WITH TIES" expression, which enables additional rows that are at the tail of the result set obtained after applying "ORDER BY" to be returned.The concept of trusted extensions has been implemented, which can be installed by regular users without administrative privileges. The list of such extensions is predefined and can be expanded by a superuser. Trusted extensions include
  • pgcryptotablefunchstore and so on., In the Foreign Data Wrapper (postgres_fdw) connection mechanism, support for certificate-based authentication has been implemented. When using SCRAM authentication, clients are allowed to request ", channel binding ".
  • The Foreign Data Wrapper (postgres_fdw) connection mechanism has implemented support for certificate-based authentication. When using SCRAM authentication, clients are allowed to requestchannel binding».

Source: opennet.ru

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