Release of Wayland-Protocols 1.46

The release of wayland-protocols version 1.46 has been published, containing a set of protocols and extensions that complement the basic Wayland protocol and provide the necessary capabilities for building composite servers and user environments.

In the new version:

• An experimental protocol xx-input-method has been added, allowing applications to implement text input methods for composite servers and form the entered text, which can be used, for example, to create virtual keyboards and IME layers (Input Method Editor) for handling input.
• An experimental protocol xx-text-input has been added, enabling composite servers to implement input methods and send text to applications. The protocol standardizes the interaction between the composite server and applications and allows management of features such as text input transfer, handling focus change events, and considering the specifics of input fields (language, text selection, content type).
• The color-management-v1 and color-representation-v1 protocols have been refined, providing capabilities for color management, HDR support, and determining the color representation of Wayland surfaces.

All protocols go through phases of development, testing, and stabilization sequentially. After completing the development stage (the 'unstable' category), a protocol is moved to the 'staging' branch and officially included in the wayland-protocols set, and after testing is completed, it is moved to the stable category. Protocols from the 'staging' category can already be applied in composite servers and clients where related functionality is required. Unlike the 'unstable' category, no changes that break compatibility are allowed in 'staging', but if issues and shortcomings are identified during testing, the introduction of a new significant version of the protocol or another Wayland extension is not excluded.

To speed up the delivery of protocols to developers and encourage early implementation in existing projects, since the last but one release, an 'experimental' phase has been added, which allows changes that break compatibility and the addition of 'raw' protocols that can be gradually refined. While forming a support team and obtaining a certain number of acknowledgments (ACK) from reviewers is required for a protocol to enter the 'staging' phase, it is sufficient to have no objections (NACK) during a two-week review period for it to enter 'experimental'.

The current version of the wayland-protocols set includes the following stable protocols that ensure backward compatibility:

• ‘viewporter’ — allows clients to perform actions for scaling and cropping surface edges on the server side.
• ‘presentation-time’ — provides video display.
• «xdg-shell» — an interface for creating and interacting with surfaces as windows, allowing them to be moved around the screen, minimized, maximized, resized, etc.
• «linux-dmabuf» — provides capabilities for creating wl_buffers based on DMA-BUF.
• "tablet" — input organization from graphic tablets.

Protocols currently being tested in the 'staging' branch:

• drm-lease provides the resources necessary for forming a stereo image with different buffers for the left and right eye when outputting to virtual reality headsets.
• ext-session-lock defines session lock mechanisms, such as during the screensaver operation or the display of an authentication dialog.
• single-pixel-buffer allows the creation of single-pixel buffers that include four 32-bit RGBA values.
• xdg-activation enables focus transfer between different top-level surfaces (for example, using xdg-activation, one application can shift focus to another).
• content-type — enables clients to convey information about the displayed content to the composite server, which can be used to optimize behavior based on the content, such as setting specific DRM properties like 'content type'. Support is declared for the following content types: none (no data type information), photo (output of digital photos requiring minimal processing), video (video or animation, requiring more precise synchronization to avoid stuttering), and game (running games, requiring output with minimal delay).
• tearing-control allows disabling vertical synchronization (VSync) with frame-destroying pulse in fullscreen applications, used to prevent tearing during output. In multimedia applications, the appearance of artifacts due to tearing is an undesirable effect, but in gaming programs, artifacts can be tolerated if combating them leads to additional delays.
• ext-foreign-toplevel-list retrieves information about surfaces positioned at the very top level (toplevel) that allow the organization of window pinning over other content, for example, to connect custom panels and window switches.
• ext-foreign-toplevel-list retrieves information about surfaces positioned at the very top level (toplevel) that allow the organization of window pinning over other content, for example, to connect custom panels and window switches.
• security-context — allows identifying clients using sandbox isolation. A client can register a new connection to a composite server based on Wayland and attach a security context to it, after which the composite manager will restrict the capabilities available for the established connection according to the specified security context.
• cursor-shape — an alternative way to set the cursor appearance based on transmitting a series of cursor images instead of binding to a surface (wl_surface).
• «ext-transient-seat» — designed for creating temporary independent sessions (seat) intended for use with virtual input devices. For example, when implementing the ability to connect to a remote desktop the protocol allows creating a separate session with virtual keyboard and mouse for each user.
• «xdg-toplevel-drag» — extends the ‘drag & drop’ mechanism by allowing the attachment of top-level windows to the movement operation, which can be used, for example, to organize mouse dragging of toolbars or browser tabs. The new protocol enables the creation of detachable parts of the window that, when dragged out of the original window, become new windows and can be moved above the existing window before reattaching.
• «xdg-dialog» — allows assigning top-level surfaces with properties specific to dialog windows, for example, it can create modal dialogs that block user interaction with the rest of the interface.
• «linux-drm-syncobj» — provides tools for explicit synchronization of buffers using DRM (Direct Rendering Manager) sync objects. It is expected that in the context of synchronization during rendering to a buffer, the proposed protocol will improve interaction with drivers based on graphical APIs Vulkan and OpenGL (the implementation is based on handlers in the drivers). The new protocol allows ensuring that the rendering operation to the buffer is completed before the composite manager displays this buffer.
• alpha-modifier, allowing clients to change the transparency level of the surface and offloading transparency operations to the composite server, which can, in turn, redirect these operations to KMS.
• xdg-toplevel-icon — binding an icon to a top-level window.
• ext-image-capture-source and ext-image-copy-capture — organizing the capture of content displayed on the screen.
• xdg-system-bell — allows the output of a system signal that can be used, for example, as a warning in terminal emulators. The form of the signal output is determined at the discretion of the composite manager; it can be not only sound but also a visual response.
• fifo — implements a FIFO mechanism (first-come, first-served) for processing the queue of updates to the displayed surface. Practically, the protocol allows for using vertical synchronization (vblank) waiting instead of callback calls whenever ready to display a new frame, addressing the issue of high GPU load when using VSync.
• commit-timing — allows a time constraint to be tied to the surface content (the composite server must display the content change as close to the specified time as possible, but not earlier).
• ext-data-control — allows privileged clients to manage data processing, for instance, for clipboard managers.
• ext-workspace — implements the concept virtual desktops and offers events with information about the state of the workspaces, as well as features for activating and deactivating workspaces. The protocol can be used to create panels and indicators that display the list of available virtual desktops and allow switching between them.
• color-management provides capabilities for color management and support for high dynamic range (HDR). With the added extension, client applications can obtain information about output device color characteristics and transmit data about their own content's color representation to the composite server. This information can be used in the composite server for automatic color management when displaying content on different output devices, such as converting content for display on HDR monitors. ICC profiles are used to describe color spaces.
• xdg-toplevel-tag allows Wayland clients to attach tags to top-level surfaces, which the composite server can use to identify windows after the application restarts (for example, the application can set tags "main window" and "settings" for the main and settings windows). Such identification is useful for restoring position, size, and properties of windows after a restart, as well as for applying special rules for certain types of windows.
• color-representation defines the color representation of a Wayland surface. Wayland clients can send metadata necessary for defining transparency, color model, subsampling, and quantization range applied when converting buffer data corresponding to the YCbCr color model into RGB representation.
• ext-background-effect — applies effects to the translucent parts of a Wayland surface, such as background blur.
• pointer-warp — allows an application to instantly move the pointer to a specified position.

Protocols being developed in the 'experimental' branch:

• xx-session-management — restoration of window states for interrupted sessions (e.g., after a crash of the composite manager).

Protocols being developed in the ‘unstable’ branch:

• «fullscreen-shell» — management of fullscreen operation.
• «input-method» — processing of input methods.
• «idle-inhibit» — prevents the screensaver (screen saver) from starting.
• «input-timestamps» — timestamps for input events.
• «keyboard-shortcuts-inhibit» — manages the attachment of keyboard shortcuts and hotkeys.
• «linux-explicit-synchronization» — Linux-specific buffer synchronization mechanism related to surfaces.
• «pointer-gestures» — manages input from touch screens.
• «pointer constraints» — pointer restrictions (blocking).
• «primary-selection» — similar to X11, enables the primary clipboard (primary selection), where information is typically pasted using the middle mouse button.
• «relative pointer events» — relative pointer events.
• «text-input» — organization of text input.
• «xdg-foreign» — interface for interaction with 'foreign' client surfaces.
• «xdg-decoration» — rendering of window decorations on the server side.
• «xdg-output» — additional information about video output (used for fractional scaling).
• «xwayland-keyboard-grab» — input capture in XWayland applications.

Source: opennet.ru