In 2019, it will be 100 years since our compatriot filed an application for a jetpack patent. Today, September 11, is the inventor's birthday.
“At a position with the help of an apparatus, you can do aerial reconnaissance with greater safety than on an airplane ... entire military units, being equipped with these devices (the cost of which in factory production will be several times more expensive than a rifle), during offensives in general and the siege of fortresses, bypassing all earthly obstacles, they can fly over completely freely behind enemy lines.
— Alexander Andreev
The weight of the apparatus is 42 kg + 8 kg of fuel (methane and oxygen).
Pilot weight - 50 kg.
Range - 20 km.
The speed is 200 km / h.
(September 11, 1893, Kolpino - December 15, 1941, Leningrad) - Soviet inventor who developed the world's first backpack rocket apparatus on a liquid-propellant jet engine.
Andreev received a secondary technical education. Since the early 1920s he has been living in Leningrad. In 1919, he developed the world's first backpack rocket apparatus powered by a liquid-propellant jet engine. The project was sent to the Council of People's Commissars, and from it - to the Committee for Inventions. The patent application, having received a critical response, was rejected. In 1925, the inventor filed a new, revised version of the application. After a positive review by the expert and further alteration of the text in 1928, a patent for the invention was issued. ()
1919
In the Leningrad Regional State Archive in Vyborg (LOGAV) there is a typewritten text (LOGAV. F. R-4476, op. 6, file 3809.) of the project with two registration marks on the first page. The first of these marks looks like this:
"CASE MANAGEMENT
Krestyansk. and Worker. Governments
Republic of Russia 14/XII 1919
Incoming No. 19644".
Second mark:
"COMMITTEE
for inventions
At the Scientific-Technical Department.
V. S. N. X.
19th of December 1919
In. No. 3648".
The document with these marks was, as follows from the statement written by the inventor of February 10, 1921, one of three copies of the draft text submitted to the KDI along with the statement (the other two are stored in the same archival file).
So, the project of a knapsack aircraft was ready by mid-December 1919 and managed to visit two of the country's highest state institutions during December.
It can be assumed that events unfolded as follows.
The inventor sent the project to the Council of People's Commissars rather in an attempt to obtain materials for the implementation of his plan than in the hope of patenting it. Tempting prospects for the military use of the device (in the “Designation” section, Andreev wrote: “Aerial reconnaissance can be done at positions with the help of the device with greater safety than on an airplane ... entire military units being equipped with these devices (the cost of which in factory production will be several times more expensive than a rifle ) during offensives in general and the siege of fortresses, bypassing all earthly obstacles, they can fly completely freely to the rear of the enemy"), it would seem, allowed us to hope for a favorable attitude of the government towards the invention.
However, in the Council of People's Commissars, the project, as can be assumed based on the small difference between the indicated dates of its registration, was not considered, but was immediately redirected to a more suitable address - to the Scientific and Technical Department of the Supreme Council of the National Economy, or even directly to the KDI. Moreover, this was done, apparently, in a great hurry: in the register of incoming documents of the Council of People's Commissars for 1919, the line of the incoming number 19644 (from whom the document was received, to what case it was sent) was not filled out at all, just like the lines of three more numbers adjacent to it (19640, 19643, 19645) It can be seen that the workers of the Council of People's Commissars were not up to processing the mail in December 1919.
No other traces of Andreev's project in 1919 in the Council of People's Commissars - as, indeed, in the bodies of the Supreme Council of the National Economy - could be found. It is not clear how long the project stayed in the KDI and how soon it returned to the author. []
1921
In February 1921, Andreev wrote a statement to the KDI asking for "legal rights" and scarce materials for the implementation of the project, and, unfortunately, does not mention a word in this statement about what preceded it.
The chronicle of further events in brief is as follows. On the basis of a devastating review by E.N. Smirnov, one of the two experts contacted by the KDU (the second review is very restrained, although generally positive, was given by N.A. Rynin), the application was rejected. []
1925
In July 1925, the inventor filed a new, seriously revised version of the application with the CDI. True, as noted above, the revision mainly concerned the presentation of the material and did not introduce fundamentally new details into the project; in fact, it was almost completely reduced to a textual description of units and assemblies, which in 1919-1921. were presented only in the drawing. After a positive review by the expert N. G. Baratov and further alteration of the text, on March 31, 1928, the “Letter of Patent for the Patent for an Invention” was signed. []
Patent No. 4818
1928
“After receiving a patent on August 23, 1928, I began to implement it, because most of the implementation work takes place in the apartment where I live, then I ask for assistance not to apply forced entry to my 10 sq.m. this contributes to successful work.
— Andreev
TsBRIZ (Central Bureau for the Implementation of Inventions and the Promotion of Invention) - on the basis of a negative review dated January 9, 1929 by an expert engineer of the Selection Committee - refused the assistance requested by Andreev.
The technical content of Andreev's project for 10 years, in fact, has not changed from the original version to the final known one. The latter differs from the former mainly in the amount of textual description of some devices, which, although, as can be seen from the first version of the drawing, were present in the author’s intention from the very beginning, however, in the text of 1919 they were either not considered at all or were described in less detail than in the text of the patent description published in 1928, such as, for example, ignition device, pumps, vessel for liquid gases. Another difference between the patent description and the original project is a broader formulation of the scope of the apparatus: not only (in the form of a knapsack) for human flight, but also for moving small loads, for example, a projectile with asphyxiating gas, explosive.
Nothing is known about the results of Andreev's desire to put his project into practice. []
N. A. Rynin. Rockets. And direct reaction engines.
The book thanks to which the world knows about Andreev.
Drawing from the patent. Fig. 1 and 2 - "knapsack" with tanks and fuel pumps, Fig. 3 and 4 - central box, trusses and engines. Drawing from the book of N.A. Rynina
Sources of
- Wikipedia:
- Patent:
- Pikabu:
- Military review:
- Russian heroic calendar:
- Episodes of astronautics:
- Episodes of astronautics:
Habradvigatel
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Source: habr.com