In February 2019, Yandex launched Practicum, an online training service for future developers, analysts, and other IT professionals. To decide which courses to do first, our colleagues studied the market together with the analytical service HeadHunter. We took the data they used - descriptions of more than 300 IT jobs in million-plus cities in 2016-2018 - and prepared an overview of the market as a whole.
How the demand for specialists of different profiles is changing, what skills they should have in the first place, in which areas the share of vacancies for beginners is the highest, what salary they can expect - all this can be found in the review. Those who want to learn a profession in the IT field should come in handy.
Market as a whole
The demand for IT professionals is growing, over the past two years, the share of job ads for them from all ads on HeadHunter has increased by 5,5%. The share of open positions for specialists without experience in 2018 was 9% of all IT vacancies on the market, in two years it has grown by almost a third. Those who manage to gain a foothold in the profession, after a year, move into the group that accounts for the bulk of vacancies: more than half of all ads on the market are addressed to specialists with work experience from one to three years.
In the whole country, the median salary of an IT specialist last year was 92 rubles. The salary of a novice specialist is 000 rubles.
In more than half of the cases, employers do not indicate the amount of remuneration. However, in all the sections under consideration (by cities, required experience, specialties) there are a sufficient number of vacancies with declared salaries, which allows us to draw conclusions about the level of salaries in the market as a whole.
Regional features
Most of all IT vacancies, of course, are in Moscow and St. Petersburg - in 2018, local employers published 95 thousand ads, 70% of the total number of ads in big cities. If we weigh the number of IT vacancies by the size of the local labor market, the most "IT" Russian city will be Novosibirsk: last year there were approximately 72 IT-related vacancies per thousand job advertisements. Moscow and St. Petersburg take the second and third places.
The fastest growing demand for IT specialists is in Perm: compared to 2016, the share of IT vacancies in the local market increased by 15%, to 45 per thousand. Moscow ranks second in terms of growth rate, Krasnodar ranks third.
The level of salary and the share of vacancies for beginners differ markedly from city to city. Most of all they pay in Moscow and St. Petersburg. And the percentage of open positions for newcomers in the capitals, on the contrary, is lower than in any other millionaire city.
Salaries and experience requirements in big cities
Work in foreign companies
Russian IT specialists are hired not only by domestic, but also by foreign companies. The median salary in advertisements for such vacancies is much higher - more than 220 rubles. However, the requirements for applicants are higher: newcomers account for only 000% of such vacancies, 3,5% for specialists with work experience from one to three years, while the bulk of the offers are addressed to employees with more than four years of experience.
Working conditions
The work of a programmer in a large Russian city is most often office and regular. Basically, companies are looking for full-time employees - for a standard five-day week or a shift schedule with a normalized day. Flexible working was offered in only 8,5% of ads published last year, remote work in 9%.
Remote workers are usually looking for more experienced employees: more than half of these vacancies are for specialists with at least four years of experience. The share of vacancies for beginners is almost two times lower than in general in IT: less than 5%.
Specialties
There are a lot of specialties in the IT market. For this study, we identified fifteen of the most sought after and only studied them. When compiling the top, we focused on the headlines of the ads, that is, on how employers themselves formulate who they are looking for. Strictly speaking, these are not the top specialties, but the top names of open positions.
Over the period studied, the demand for IT professionals has generally increased, but this is not true for all professions. For example, while Java and PHP developers remain among the most in-demand on the market, demand has fallen by 21% and 13%, respectively, over the past two years. The share of ads for hiring iOS developers fell by 17%, the share of vacancies for writing for Android also decreased, but not as much, less than 3%.
On the contrary, the demand for other specialists is growing. Thus, the demand for DevOps has increased by 2016% compared to 70. The share of vacancies for full-stack developers has doubled, for data scientists - more than two times. True, in terms of the number of vacancies, these specialties occupy the last lines in the top 15.
Front-end development stands out against the general background: there are more vacancies for these specialists than for anyone else in IT, and the demand for them is only increasing - it has grown by 19,5% in two years.
Salaries and experience requirements in different specialties
Beginning specialists are most likely to be hired in data science (data analysis or machine learning): the share of vacancies for candidates with less than a year of work experience is a quarter higher here than in the whole market. Next comes PHP development and testing. The lowest share of vacancies (less than 5%) is for beginners in full-stack development and 1C.
Java and Android developers had the highest level of offered salaries in 2018, in both specialties the median was above 130 rubles. DevOps engineers and iOS developers follow with a median above 000 rubles. Among novice specialists, iOS developers could count on the largest remuneration: in half of the ads, they were promised more than 120 rubles. In second place are C++ specialists (000 rubles), in third place are full-stack developers (69 rubles).
Among the skills that employers often list as key skills, the demand for ownership of the React front-end library has grown the most over the past two years. There has been a noticeable increase in interest in specialists who can work with backend tools - Node.js, Spring and Django. Of the programming languages, Python added the most - it began to be mentioned among the key skills one and a half times more often.
To get a portrait of a representative of each of the specialties, we studied job descriptions and identified a list of skills that employers most often indicate among the key ones. In addition to the most frequent ones, we singled out the skills, the demand for which began to grow noticeably over the past year. The screenshot below shows the resulting portrait of a front-end developer. Other specializations can be found at .
Source: habr.com