{"id":101401,"date":"2021-09-26T10:22:38","date_gmt":"2021-09-26T08:22:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/google-perejdyot-k-razvitiyu-novshestv-dlya-android-v-osnovnom-yadre-linux"},"modified":"2021-09-26T10:22:38","modified_gmt":"2021-09-26T08:22:39","slug":"google-perejdyot-k-razvitiyu-novshestv-dlya-android-v-osnovnom-yadre-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/en\/blog\/news\/google-perejdyot-k-razvitiyu-novshestv-dlya-android-v-osnovnom-yadre-linux","title":{"rendered":"Google will focus on developing innovations for Android primarily in the Linux kernel.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

At the recent Linux Plumbers Conference 2021, Google discussed the achievements of its initiative to transition the Android platform to using a standard Linux kernel instead of its own kernel variant, which includes Android-specific modifications. <\/p>\n

The most significant change in development is the decision to transition to the «Upstream First» model after 2023, which implies the development of all new core features needed in the Android platform directly in the main Linux kernel, rather than in separate branches (functionality will first be promoted in the main kernel, then used in Android, rather than the reverse). In 2023 and 2024, it is also planned to integrate all additional patches remaining in the Android Common Kernel branch into the main kernel. <\/p>\n

As for the near future, for the anticipated Android 12 platform launching in early October, builds of the «Generic Kernel Image» (GKI) will be offered, ideally aligning with the standard 5.10 kernel. Regular updates will be provided for these builds, which will be hosted in the repository ci.android.com. In the GKI, Android-specific additions and hardware support handlers from OEM manufacturers have been moved to separate kernel modules. These modules are not tied to the main kernel version and can evolve independently, significantly simplifying maintenance and the migration of devices to new kernel branches.

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The necessary interfaces for device manufacturers are implemented as hooks, allowing for kernel behavior modification without code changes. The android12-5.10 kernel offers a total of 194 standard hooks, similar to tracepoints, and 107 specialized hooks that allow invoking handlers in a non-atomic context. In the GKI kernel, manufacturers are prohibited from applying specific patches to the main kernel, and hardware support components must be provided by suppliers only as additional kernel modules, which must ensure compatibility with the main kernel. <\/p>\n

It is worth noting that the Android platform develops its own kernel branch — the Android Common Kernel, on which separate specific builds are formed for each device. In each Android branch, manufacturers are provided with several options for kernel configurations for their devices. For example, Android 11 offered three basic kernels — 4.14, 4.19, and 5.4, while Android 12 will offer the basic kernels 4.19, 5.4, and 5.10. The 5.10 option is arranged as a Generic Kernel Image, wherein the necessary capabilities for OEM manufacturers are transferred upstream, moved to modules, or integrated into the Android Common Kernel. <\/p>\n

Before the introduction of GKI, the kernel for Android underwent several preparation stages: <\/p>\n