{"id":120801,"date":"2024-12-01T03:46:13","date_gmt":"2024-12-01T01:46:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vyyavlen-uefi-butkit-bootkitty-podstavlyayushhij-vredonosnyj-kod-v-zagruzhaemoe-yadro-linux"},"modified":"2024-12-01T03:46:13","modified_gmt":"2024-12-01T01:46:16","slug":"vyyavlen-uefi-butkit-bootkitty-podstavlyayushhij-vredonosnyj-kod-v-zagruzhaemoe-yadro-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/en\/blog\/news\/vyyavlen-uefi-butkit-bootkitty-podstavlyayushhij-vredonosnyj-kod-v-zagruzhaemoe-yadro-linux","title":{"rendered":"The Bootkitty UEFI bootkit has been discovered, injecting malicious code into the Linux kernel at boot.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Researchers from ESET have discovered a new bootkit called 'Bootkitty', which is installed after a system breach in place of the GRUB bootloader. This bootkit is used to inject malicious components into the Linux kernel, allowing attackers to covertly control the system and execute actions within it. It is reported to be the first UEFI bootkit targeting Linux systems. <\/p>\n

Bootkitty is placed in the grubx64.efi file in the EFI system partition (\/boot\/efi\/EFI\/ubuntu) instead of the standard GRUB bootloader. After activation by UEFI firmware, the bootkit loads the real GRUB2 bootloader into memory and modifies the loaded GRUB2 code in memory to disable the integrity check of components that will be loaded subsequently. It also adds a handler that is called after the Linux kernel image is unpacked into memory. This handler modifies the functions loaded into memory by the kernel (disabling module signature verification) and changes the initialization process startup string from '\/init' to 'LD_PRELOAD=\/opt\/injector.so \/init'. <\/p>\n

The injector.so library intercepts certain SELinux operations and the init_module function, which is then used to load the kernel module \/opt\/dropper.ko. The dropper.ko kernel module creates and runs the executable \/opt\/observer, then hides itself from the list of kernel modules and sets up handlers for system calls like getdents and tcp4_seq_show to obscure the \/opt\/observer file and certain network traffic. The \/opt\/observer executable loads the kernel module \/opt\/rootkit_loader.ko, which is the rootkit loader \/opt\/rootkit.

\"The<\/center> <\/p>\n

To install the bootkit, privileged access to the system is required, and such types of malware are typically used by attackers after a successful breach or compromise of the system to establish their continued presence and conceal malicious activities. The injector.so library and the malicious kernel modules are placed in the initial RAM disk image or the attacker's filesystem. The grubx64.efi loader is located in the UEFI files partition. <\/p>\n

In the Bootkitty variant that came under investigation, modifications of kernel memory functions were performed at predetermined offsets without checking the validity of those offsets for the loaded kernel version. The offsets used in Bootkitty were applicable only to certain versions of the kernel and GRUB shipped with specific releases of Ubuntu, and in other systems, they would lead to boot failures. For verification of the Bootkitty loader (grubx64.efi), a self-signed certificate was used, which prevented the bootkit from being applied on systems with UEFI Secure Boot enabled without adding the attacker's certificate to the list of trusted certificates in UEFI. Such features led researchers to believe that Bootkitty is merely a prototype bootkit, not yet used for real attacks. <\/p>\n

After studying the published ESET information, researchers from Binarly Research noted among the artifacts related to Bootkitty BMP images used to exploit the LogoFAIL vulnerability, which allows code execution at the UEFI firmware level and bypasses the UEFI Secure Boot mechanism. In the context of Bootkitty, the exploitation of the LogoFAIL vulnerability was used to add the attacker's self-signed certificate, which authenticated the bootkit loader grubx64.efi, to the list of approved UEFI certificates, enabling the bootkit to run on systems with active UEFI Secure Boot without manual certificate addition. <\/p>\n

The attack is carried out by placing a specially crafted BMP image in the ESP (EFI System Partition) to display it as the manufacturer's logo through the UEFI firmware. Due to the use of vulnerable libraries in UEFI firmwares for handling images, processing the specially crafted image can lead to a buffer overflow and execute code with UEFI firmware privileges. The LogoFAIL vulnerability was discovered a year ago and affected UEFI firmwares, including those used in laptops from Acer, HP, Fujitsu, and Lenovo. New versions of UEFI firmwares have resolved the issue, but many devices in circulation continue to operate with vulnerable firmware versions.

\"The<\/center>
\n
Source: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 ESET \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u0443\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0442 «Bootkitty», \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u0437\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430 GRUB \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e Linux \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f. \u0423\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 UEFI-\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0442, \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c Linux. 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