{"id":121428,"date":"2025-01-20T15:46:03","date_gmt":"2025-01-20T13:46:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-yadra-linux-6-13"},"modified":"2025-01-20T15:46:03","modified_gmt":"2025-01-20T13:46:03","slug":"reliz-yadra-linux-6-13","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/en\/blog\/news\/reliz-yadra-linux-6-13","title":{"rendered":"Release of Linux Kernel 6.13","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>After two months of development, Linus Torvalds released the Linux kernel 6.13. Among the most notable changes are: lazy eviction mode in the task scheduler, support for atomic writes in XFS and Ext4, the &#171;multigrain timestamps&#187; mechanism, adaptive polling mode in the network subsystem, the ability to build with AutoFDO optimizations, support for the ARM64 Guarded Control Stack protection mechanism, isolation of virtual machines using the ARM CCA extension, separate stacks in BPF, removal of ReiserFS, the virtual-cpufreq driver, netlink API net-shaper, case-sensitive mount mode for tmpfs, support for POSIX extensions in SMB3, and the AMD Cache Optimizer driver.      <\/p>\n<p>The new version includes 14,172 fixes from 2,086 developers, with a patch size of 46 MB (changes affected 15,375 files, adding 598,707 lines of code and removing 406,294 lines). In the previous release, there were 14,607 fixes from 2,167 developers, with a patch size of 37 MB. About 52% of all changes presented in 6.13 are related to device drivers, approximately 13% pertain to updates of architecture-specific code, 11% is related to the network stack, 4% to file systems, and 3% to internal kernel subsystems.        <\/p>\n<p>Key innovations in kernel 6.13:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Disk subsystem, input\/output, and file systems<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> The &#171;multigrain timestamps&#187; mechanism has been added, allowing retrieval of information about file modification or access times with more than millisecond accuracy, but without negatively impacting performance. The increased accuracy of timestamps leads to additional overhead due to increased intensity of metadata writes to disk; therefore, in the proposed implementation, more accurate timestamps are created only for those files that processes request such timestamps for via the getattr() call.\n<li class=\"l\"> Support for atomic write operations has been added, where data writes larger than the sector size are performed atomically on storage devices that provide such capability. Currently, atomic writes are implemented for XFS, Ext4 with O_DIRECT (Direct I\/O) mode, and md RAID 0\/1\/10.\n<li class=\"l\"> A new reference counting mechanism for files has been proposed, providing a performance boost of 3-5% in workloads with more than 255 threads.\n<li class=\"l\"> The implementation of the ReiserFS file system has been removed, which was declared obsolete last year.\n<li class=\"l\"> A sysctl parameter &#171;fs.dentry-negative&#187; has been added to set VFS policy for cleaning &#171;dentry&#187; entries (internal representation of directory elements) after the related files are deleted. For some types of load, it is optimal to keep such records of deleted files, while for others, it is better to delete them; therefore, the kernel provides an option to choose (by default, &#171;dentry&#187; entries are not automatically deleted).\n<li class=\"l\"> The system call statmount() has been enhanced with the STATMOUNT_OPT_ARRAY flag to return a list of filesystem options as an array of null-terminated strings without using escapes &#171;&#092;000&#187;. Support has been added for returning the filesystem subtype (fs_subtype, to determine FUSE usage), safe mounting options, and the source superblock (sb_source).\n<li class=\"l\"> OverlayFS now allows specifying layers through file descriptors instead of file path names.\n<li class=\"l\"> The tmpfs filesystem has been updated with the 'casefold' mount option for case-insensitive operations and the 'strict_encoding' option to prevent the creation of files with names containing invalid UTF-8 characters.\n<li class=\"l\"> A new set of system calls has been proposed for managing extended file attributes: setxattrat(), getxattrat(), listxattrat(), and removexattrat(). Unlike the original system calls setxattr(), getxattr(), listxattr(), and removexattr(), the new variants require specifying a directory file descriptor for searching the file path.\n<li class=\"l\"> In Btrfs, the ioctl operation BTRFS_IOC_SUBVOL_SYNC_WAIT has been added, which includes waiting for subvolume cleanup completion, allowing the command 'btrfs subvolume sync' to be executed by non-privileged users without access to the ioctl SEARCH_TREE (useful in backup applications that clean subvolumes). The ENCODED_READ ioctl operation has been introduced for reading encoded data through io_uring, for example, to read directly compressed extents without unpacking. Work continues on transitioning to the use of memory page folios. The occurrence of lock contention has been reduced when searching for embedded references and while traversing extent buffers. The efficiency of extent map compression has been improved.\n<li class=\"l\"> In the EROFS (Extendable Read-Only File System) file system, designed for use on partitions accessible in read-only mode, the ability to use SEEK_HOLE and SEEK_DATA options in the lseek() system call has been implemented.\n<li class=\"l\"> F2FS has implemented support for device aliasing, allowing temporary reservation of space in F2FS for using part of a block device in another filesystem. After completing the external operation, the reserved area can be returned to F2FS. For example, you can create a filesystem with the command 'mkfs.f2fs -c \/dev\/vdc@vdc.file \/dev\/vdb', after which the content of the device \/dev\/vdc will be reserved and mirrored to the file vdc.file, allowing you to use the partition \/dev\/vdc for your own needs, such as formatting it for another filesystem. To return the reserved content, simply delete the file vdc.file.\n<li class=\"l\"> XFS now supports quotas for realtime devices. Support has been added for a metadata directory, which houses all inodes with metadata.\n<li class=\"l\"> The FUSE mechanism now includes the ability to dynamically change the maximum number of pages (FUSE_MAX_MAX_PAGES) using 'sysctl fs.fuse.max_pages_limit'. Memory page folios are utilized in this process.\n<li class=\"l\"> SMB has implemented support for POSIX extensions for SMB3, necessary for storing special types of files such as fifo, device files, and symbolic links. The ability to mount a share with an alternative password used during password rotation has been added. A new mount option, &#171;cifs.upcall&#187;, has been introduced to define the namespace. Recognition of symbolic and block device files created in Windows NFS Server has been ensured. Support for WSL-style (Windows Subsystem for Linux) symbolic links has been added.\n<li class=\"l\"> The file systems UBIFS, ADFS, BEFS, HFS, HFSPLUS, HPFS, JFS, and ECRYPTFS have been transitioned to use the new partition mounting API.\n<li class=\"l\"> The file systems ECRYPTFS, UFS, and NILFS2 have been transitioned to utilize memory page folios.                          <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Memory and system services<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> The scheduler has implemented a lazy task eviction model (PREEMPT_LAZY, lazy preemption), corresponding to the full preemption model (&#171;full preemption&#187;) for real-time tasks (RR\/FIFO\/DEADLINE), but delaying the eviction of normal tasks (SCHED_NORMAL) until the tick boundary. This delay reduces instances of eviction for lock holders, allowing performance to approach that of configurations using voluntary preemption. Thus, the new model maintains full eviction capabilities for real-time tasks while minimizing performance degradation for normal tasks. Additionally, the new model simplifies the logic of task eviction operations in the kernel by excluding handlers from other kernel components (outside the task scheduler) from the scheduling process.\n<li class=\"l\"> When compiling with Clang, the ability to use optimizations is provided.<br \/>\n<br \/>Source: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=62587\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 6.13. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0442\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0432 XFS \u0438 Ext4, \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c &#171;multigrain timestamps&#187;, \u0430\u0434\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0441 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 AutoFDO, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b ARM65 Guarded Control Stack, \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-121428","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta 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