{"id":123426,"date":"2025-04-05T15:05:06","date_gmt":"2025-04-05T13:05:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-paketnogo-menedzhera-apt-3-0-0"},"modified":"2025-04-05T15:05:06","modified_gmt":"2025-04-05T13:05:07","slug":"reliz-paketnogo-menedzhera-apt-3-0-0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/en\/blog\/news\/reliz-paketnogo-menedzhera-apt-3-0-0","title":{"rendered":"Release of package manager APT 3.0.0.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"
A release of the APT 3.0.0 (Advanced Package Tool) management tool has been formed, incorporating changes accumulated in the experimental branch 2.9. The new release is accepted into the Debian Unstable branch and will soon be integrated into the Debian Testing repository, which is developing the Debian 13 release and already uses the experimental APT 2.9 branch, and will also be added to the package base of Ubuntu. <\/p>\n
Among the most important changes: <\/p>\n
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The user interface has been revamped to provide a clearer display of the dependency list needed for package installation. Previously, package names with dependencies were presented in a continuous list, but they are now organized into columns similar to the «ls -C» utility, with different output blocks highlighted in their own colors (for example, removable packages are marked in red, while installable ones are highlighted in green). Duplicated mentions of additional and new packages have been removed from the output (the «NEW packages» and «additional packages» sections have been combined). To manage coloring, the settings «APT::Color::*» and «APT::Configuration::color» have been added, as well as the options «—color» and «—no-color».
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Automatic pagination has been implemented for the output of the «show», «policy», «list», «search», and «showsrc» commands. Pagination is enabled through the Binary::apt::Pager setting, and the application for pagination is determined via the PAGER environment variable.\n
An improved dependency resolution engine, Solver3, has been designed (enabled through the option «—solver 3.0»), which utilizes a backtracking algorithm to resolve conflicts between dependencies. The new engine also enhances version selection, supports multi-stage updates, significantly increases performance (apt-test now runs twice as fast), introduces the «—no-strict-pinning» option for installing experimental versions, provides protection against the manual removal of installed packages, and increases the aggressiveness of automatic removal of unused dependencies. More understandable explanations for dependency-related errors have been added for regular users.\n
The use of the apt-key utility for managing keys used to verify digital signatures of packages has been discontinued. The apt-key utility was declared deprecated several years ago due to the transition away from the old model of package integrity verification, which utilized a shared keyring (\/etc\/apt\/trusted.gpg) and lacked key binding to repositories; that is, a key added for a third-party repository could be used to verify packages in all repositories. The method replacing apt-key involves separating keyrings for each repository (\/etc\/apt\/trusted.gpg.d\/ or \/etc\/apt\/keyrings\/).\n
The ability to use the sqv utility from the Sequoia project for verifying digital signatures instead of calling gpgv has been added. The Rust-written gpg-sq utility, which takes the same arguments as the gpg utility but mimics its functionality through Sequoia, an OpenPGP implementation in Rust, has been added to the list of paths for calling gpg. Calling gpg-sq takes precedence over gpg, meaning that to use gpg-sq instead of gpg, you only need to install the appropriate package.\n
A crypto backend for the OpenSSL library has been added, which replaces GnuTLS and Gcrypt.\n
Key types are now bound to file extensions: the extension '.asc' is associated with ASCII-armored keys, '.gpg' \u2014 always with binary keys, and all other file extensions will trigger an error. For example, when using the key file '\/etc\/apt\/keyrings\/winehq-archive.key', it needs to be renamed to '\/etc\/apt\/keyrings\/winehq-archive.gpg' and the path corrected in the file at '\/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/'. Support for standalone keyring verification and performing the dearmor operation (converting an ASCII-armored key to binary format) without calling apt-key has been implemented.\n
Many functions have been modified to use the class \"std::string\" instead of \"const char *\" (the std::string_view class defined in the C++17 standard, which works more efficiently with strings by leveraging references to existing data and avoiding unnecessary data copying until it's utilized in the code).\n
An abstract interface for working with hashes has been proposed, implemented as part of the work to eliminate the hard binding to a single cryptographic library.\n
The output of the command \u2018apt show --full\u2019 now includes information about package pinning obtained from the fields APT-Pin, APT-Candidate, and APT-Release.\n
It is officially recommended to name files in the \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/ directory with the current provider's name in lowercase ('$(dpkg-vendor --query Vendor | tr A-Z a-z).sources').\n
Support for transactions and update counters has been added to pkgDepCache.\n
The option '--comment' has been added to leave a comment that is saved in the history of performed operations.\n
Support for the HTTP header Retry-After has been added to optimize the resumption of interrupted downloads.\n
The command 'apt list' has been enhanced with the option '--target-release'.\n
A new error level 'audit' has been added, enabled via the option '--audit'. <\/ul>\n
Additionally, it is worth noting the changes that appeared in the experimental branch of APT 2.7 (the development of branch 2.7 has smoothly transitioned into the development of branch 2.9), which will be available in Debian 13 (Debian 12 uses the APT 2.6 release): <\/p>\n
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Support for snapshots has been added, managed by the option '--snapshot' ('-S'), which allows you to access repository servers supporting snapshots and select a specific state of the repository archive. For instance, by specifying '--snapshot 20250405T081400Z', you can work with a snapshot of the repository state captured on April 5, 2025, at 08:14:00. Snapshots are configured in the APT::Snapshot section of sources-list files.\n
The '--update' option ('-U') has been implemented, allowing the automatic execution of 'apt update' to synchronize indexes before opening the cache and processing sources.list during the installation or update commands (apt install or apt upgrade).\n
The command 'dist-clean' has been added to remove packages and lists of downloaded packages saved in the cache. <\/ul>\n
![\"Release](\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/67d5e04bd397a582afc51b026ef069f5.png\")
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