{"id":29999,"date":"2019-10-31T21:33:07","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:33:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kompakt-disku-40-let-i-on-myortv-li\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:33:07","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:33:07","slug":"kompakt-disku-40-let-i-on-myortv-li","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/en\/blog\/kompakt-disku-40-let-i-on-myortv-li","title":{"rendered":"The compact disc turns 40 years old, and is it dead?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"The
\nPhilips player prototype, Elektuur magazine No. 188, June 1979, Public domain mark 1.0<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

The compact disc turns 40, and for those of us who remember its beginnings, it remains an enigmatic achievement of high technology even now, when this medium has had to give ground to streaming services.<\/p>\n

If one were to pinpoint the moment when digital technology began to displace analog in consumer electronics, it could quite well be the advent of the CD. In the mid-seventies, the most coveted electronic devices were the analog video recorder and the CB radio, but with the release of the first home computers and laser players, the dreams of those eager to be \"on the cutting edge\" suddenly changed. The CD player turned out to be the first household electronic device that contained, albeit small, a real laser, which at the time seemed nothing short of fantastic, almost unreal. Today, new technologies hitting the market do not produce such an effect: they are seen as something that appears and disappears \"in due course.\"<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Where did it come from?<\/h1>\n

\nThe 'legs' of the format grew from the latest recording methods of the time, which developers aimed to adapt for high-quality audio recording as well. At Sony, they tried to adapt a video recorder for digital audio recording, while at Philips, they sought to record audio in analog form on optical discs similar to those already used for video storage. Eventually, engineers from both companies concluded that it was better to record on an optical disc, but in digital format. Today, this 'but' seems obvious, but it wasn't reached right away. After developing two incompatible yet very similar formats, Sony and Philips began to collaborate, and by 1979, they presented prototypes of a player and a 120-millimeter disc capable of holding over an hour of 16-bit stereo sound with a sampling frequency of 44.1 kHz. Popular science literature and periodicals attributed incredible futurism to this new technology, exaggerating its capabilities. TV broadcasts promised that these discs would be 'indestructible' compared to vinyl records, which fueled even more interest in them. The shining silver-bodied Philips player with a top-loading design looked astonishing, but the first models of these devices only hit store shelves in 1982.<\/p>\n

How does it work?<\/h1>\n

\nAlthough users felt that the principle of operation of a CD player was excessively complex and incomprehensible, it was surprisingly simple and clear. Especially in comparison to analog video recorders, many of which stood beside these players. By the end of the eighties, the example of the CD player was even used to explain a variety of topics to future electronic engineers. Many already knew what this format was, but far from everyone could afford to buy such a player.<\/p>\n

The CD drive's reading head contains surprisingly few moving parts. The module, which includes both the source and receiver of radiation, is moved by a small electric motor through a worm gear. The IR laser shines into a prism that reflects the beam at a 90\u00b0 angle. The lens focuses it, and then, after reflecting off the disk, it passes back into the prism through the same lens, this time not changing its direction and reaching an array of four photodiodes. The focusing mechanism consists of a magnet and coils. With proper tracking and focusing, the highest intensity of radiation is achieved in the center of the array; tracking errors cause spot displacement while focusing errors cause it to expand. The automation adjusts the position of the reading head, focus, and rotation speed to produce an analog signal from which digital data can be extracted at the required rate.<\/p>\n

\"The
\nReading head device with explanations, CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

Bits are combined into frames, to which modulation was applied during recording, EFM (eight-to-fourteen modulation)<\/a><\/noindex>, which helps avoid isolated zeros and ones; for example, the sequence 000100010010000100 is transformed into 111000011100000111. After passing frames through a lookup table, a stream of 16-bit data is generated, which undergoes Reed-Solomon correction and is sent to the DAC. Although different manufacturers have made various improvements to this system over the years, the core part of the device has remained a very simple optoelectronic unit.<\/p>\n

What happened to it afterwards?<\/h1>\n

\nIn the 1990s, the format transformed from something fantastic and prestigious to a mass-market item. Players became significantly cheaper, and portable models entered the market. Disc players started to replace cassette players in pockets. The same happened with CD-ROMs, and by the latter half of the 1990s, it was hard to imagine a new PC without a CD drive and a multimedia encyclopedia included. The Vist 1000HM was no exception \u2014 a stylish computer with speakers integrated into the monitor, an FM receiver, and a compact infrared keyboard with a built-in joystick, resembling a large remote control for a music center. In general, it shouted by its very appearance that it belonged not in an office but in a living room, vying for the place occupied by a music center. It came with a disc from the band 'Nautilus Pompilius' containing compositions in four-bit monophonic WAV files that took up little space. There was also more specialized equipment using CDs as data carriers, such as Philips CD-i and Commodore Amiga CDTV, as well as Video CD players, the Sega Mega CD device for the Mega Drive\/Genesis consoles, the 3DO, and the original PlayStation...<\/p>\n

\"The
\nCommodore Amiga CDTV, CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

\"The
\nThe Vist Black Jack II computer, which is visually indistinguishable from the Vist 1000HM, itWeek, (163)39`1998<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

As the wealthy were mastering this technology, a new topic emerged: the ability to burn compact discs at home. It felt like a fantasy once again. A few fortunate owners of writable drives tried to recoup their investments by posting ads that read: \"I will back up your hard drive to CD for a low price.\" This coincided with the emergence of the compressed audio format MP3, with the first players like MPMan and Diamond Rio being released. However, those used still expensive flash memory, whereas the compact disc player Lenoxx MP-786 became a genuine hit \u2014 it read both self-burned and ready-to-play discs with MP3 files effortlessly. Napster and similar resources soon fell victim to record companies, which were simultaneously eyeing the new format. One of the first licensed MP3 discs was released by the band 'Krematoriy', and it was often listened to on this very player. The translator even once had to open up such a player and fix a defect causing the disc to hit the cover. Apple's launch of the first iPods, allowing users to purchase albums through a convenient computer interface, prompted music publishers to shift from fighting compressed audio formats to profiting from them. Soon, smartphones nearly rendered standalone MP3 players obsolete even faster than they had displaced CDs, while vinyl and cassettes are now making a comeback. Is the compact disc dead? Probably not, as the production of both drives and media has not completely ceased. It\u2019s possible that a new wave of nostalgia will revive this format as well.
\n
Source: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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