{"id":30471,"date":"2019-10-31T21:35:44","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:35:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/allokatsiya-zatrat-na-it-est-li-spravedlivost\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:35:44","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:35:44","slug":"allokatsiya-zatrat-na-it-est-li-spravedlivost","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/en\/blog\/administrirovanie\/allokatsiya-zatrat-na-it-est-li-spravedlivost","title":{"rendered":"Cost Allocation for IT \u2013 Is There Fairness?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cost Allocation for IT \u2013 Is There Fairness?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/9ffe41c1fee6a5dc11923af7d2f358be.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nI believe that all of us go to restaurants with friends or colleagues. After a fun time, the waiter brings the check. The question can then be resolved in several ways:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The first method, the 'gentleman's' approach. A tip of 10\u201315% is added to the check total for the waiter, and the resulting amount is equally divided among all male participants.<\/li>\n<li>The second method, the 'socialist' approach. The check is split evenly among everyone, regardless of who ordered what.<\/li>\n<li>The third method, the 'fair' approach. Each person pulls out their calculator and begins to calculate the cost of their own meals plus a personal tip. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nThe situation with the restaurant is very similar to the way IT costs are handled in companies. This post will discuss the distribution of expenses among departments.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nBut before diving into the depths of IT, let's return to our restaurant example. Each of the aforementioned expense allocation methods has its pros and cons. A clear downside to the second method is that one person might have had a vegetarian Caesar salad without chicken while another had a ribeye steak, leading to potentially significant differences in amounts. The drawback of the 'fair' method is the very lengthy calculation process, often resulting in less money collected than what appears on the check. Sound familiar?<\/p>\n<p>Now let's imagine we had fun in a restaurant in China, and the check was presented in Chinese. All that is understandable is the total. However, some may suspect that this is not the total but rather the current date. Or, let's say the scenario takes place in Israel. They read from right to left, but how do they write numbers? Who can answer that without Google?<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cost Allocation for IT \u2013 Is There Fairness?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/a3972ecedc30c15879272f098821e36c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Why does allocation matter for IT and business?<\/h2>\n<p>\nThus, the IT department provides services to all company divisions, essentially selling its services to business units. Although there may be no formal financial relationships between divisions within the company, each business unit must at least understand how much it spends on IT, the costs associated with launching new products, testing new initiatives, etc. Clearly, the modernization and expansion of infrastructure are not funded by a mythical \"modernizer, the patron of system integrators and equipment manufacturers,\" but by the business that must understand the effectiveness of these expenditures. <\/p>\n<p>Business units vary in size as well as in their \"intensity\" of IT resource utilization. Therefore, dividing the costs of modernizing the IT infrastructure equally among the units is indeed the second method with all its downsides. A \"fair\" method in this case is more preferable, but it is also too labor-intensive. The most optimal solution appears to be a \"quasi-fair\" approach, where costs are allocated not to the last penny, but with some reasonable accuracy, just as we use the number \u03c0 as 3.14 in school geometry rather than the entire sequence of numbers after the decimal.<\/p>\n<p>Estimating the cost of IT services is very useful for holdings with a unified IT infrastructure when consolidating or spinning off part of the holding into a separate structure. It allows for an immediate calculation of the cost of IT services to take these amounts into account during planning. Additionally, understanding the cost of IT services helps compare different options for utilizing and owning IT resources. When men in suits, costing thousands of dollars, explain how their product can optimize IT expenses, increase what needs to be increased, and reduce what needs to be reduced, evaluating current spending on IT services allows the IT director to not blindly trust marketing claims but to accurately assess the expected effect and monitor results. <\/p>\n<p>For businesses, allocation is the ability to understand the cost of IT services in advance. Any business requirement is evaluated not as an increase in the overall IT budget by some percentage but is defined as a sum for a specific requirement or service.<\/p>\n<h2>Real Case<\/h2>\n<p>\nThe main challenge for the IT director of a large company was to understand how to allocate costs among business units and to propose participation in IT development proportionate to consumption.<\/p>\n<p>As a solution, we developed an IT services calculator that could first allocate total IT costs to IT services and then to business units.<\/p>\n<p>There are actually two tasks: to calculate the cost of the IT service and to allocate costs among the business units using this service, according to specified drivers (a 'quasi-fair' method).<\/p>\n<p>At first glance, this may seem simple, provided that IT services were properly described from the outset, information was entered into the CMDB configuration database and the IT asset management system (ITAM), resource-service models were built, and a catalog of IT services was developed. Indeed, in such a case, it is possible to determine for any IT service which resources it uses and how much those resources cost considering depreciation. However, we are dealing with a typical Russian business, which imposes certain limitations. Thus, the CMDB and ITAM are absent, and there is only a catalog of IT services. Each IT service generally represents an information system, access to it, user support, etc. The IT service uses infrastructural services such as 'DB Server', 'Application Server', 'Data Storage System', 'Data Transmission Network', and so on. Accordingly, to address the tasks at hand, it is necessary to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>determine the cost of infrastructural services;<\/li>\n<li>allocate the cost of infrastructural services to IT services and calculate their costs;<\/li>\n<li>identify the drivers (coefficients) for distributing the cost of IT services to business units and allocate IT service costs to business units, thereby distributing the sum of the IT department's expenses among the other departments of the company.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nAll annual IT expenses can be represented as a bag of money. From this bag, something is spent on equipment, migration work, modernization, licenses, support, employee salaries, and so on. However, the complexity lies in the accounting procedure for recording fixed assets and intangible assets in IT. <\/p>\n<p>Let's consider an example project for upgrading SAP infrastructure. As part of the project, equipment and licenses are purchased, and work is carried out with the help of a systems integrator. When the project is closed, the manager must prepare documents so that the equipment is accounted for in fixed assets, the licenses in intangible assets, and other activities related to design and commissioning are recorded as future expenses. The number one problem: when accounting for fixed assets, the client's accountant does not care what it will be called. Therefore, in the fixed assets, we get the asset named 'UpgradeSAPandMigration'. If, however, the project involved upgrading a storage array that has nothing to do with SAP, this complicates the search for cost and further allocation. In fact, behind the asset 'UpgradeSAPandMigration' any kind of equipment could be hidden, and the longer the time passes, the harder it becomes to understand what exactly was purchased. <\/p>\n<p>The same applies to intangible assets, which have a significantly more complex calculation formula. An additional complication arises from the fact that the moment the equipment is put into operation and the moment it is accounted for can differ by about a year. Additionally, depreciation is 5 years, but in practice, the equipment may have a longer or shorter lifespan, depending on the circumstances.<\/p>\n<p>Thus, it is theoretically possible to calculate the cost of IT services with 100% accuracy, but in practice, this task is lengthy and quite meaningless. Therefore, we chose a simpler method: costs that can easily be attributed to any infrastructure or IT service are immediately assigned to the corresponding service. The remaining costs are distributed among IT services according to certain rules. This will provide an accuracy of about 85%, which is quite sufficient. <\/p>\n<p><b>At the first stage<\/b> Financial and accounting reports on IT projects, along with 'sound voluntarism' are used to allocate costs for infrastructure services when it's not possible to attribute expenses to a specific infrastructure service. Costs are either immediately assigned to IT services or infrastructure services. As a result of annual cost allocation, we obtain the expenditure amount for each infrastructure service.<\/p>\n<p><b>In the second stage<\/b> distribution coefficients are determined between IT services for infrastructure services such as 'Application Server', 'Database Server', 'Storage Area Network', etc. Some infrastructure services, such as 'Workstations', 'Wi-Fi Access', and 'Video Conferencing', are not allocated among IT services and are instead charged directly to business units.<\/p>\n<p>At this stage, the most interesting part begins. For example, let's consider the infrastructure service 'Application Servers'. It exists in nearly every IT service, in both architectures, with and without virtualization, with and without redundancy. The simplest method is to allocate costs proportionally to the used cores. To ensure consistency and avoid confusing physical cores with virtual ones, while considering over-subscription, we assume that one physical core is equivalent to three virtual ones. Thus, the cost allocation formula for the infrastructure service 'Application Servers' for each IT service will look like this:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cost Allocation for IT \u2013 Is There Fairness?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/966a5548e438ddf592854b4504a55266.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/>,<\/p>\n<p>where Rsp is the total cost of the infrastructure service 'Application Servers', and Kx86 and Kr are coefficients representing the proportion <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/en\/server\/\"   title=\"servers\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1287\">servers<\/a> of x86 and R-series. <\/p>\n<p>Coefficients are determined empirically based on an analysis of the IT infrastructure. The cost of cluster software, virtualization software, operating systems, and application software is calculated as separate infrastructure services.<\/p>\n<p>Let's take a more complex example. The infrastructure service 'Database Servers'. It includes costs for both hardware and database licenses. Therefore, the cost of equipment and licenses can be expressed in the formula:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cost Allocation for IT \u2013 Is There Fairness?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/3d6f0e98353ad322728ee004ca15a064.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nwhere PHW and PLIC represent the total cost of equipment and the total cost of database licenses respectively, while KHW and KLIC are empirical coefficients that determine the share of costs for hardware and licenses. <\/p>\n<p>Next with hardware, it is similar to the previous example, but licenses are a bit more complex. A company may use several different types of databases in its landscape, such as Oracle, MSSQL, Postgres, etc. Thus, the formula for allocating a specific database, for example, MSSQL, to a specific service looks like this:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cost Allocation for IT \u2013 Is There Fairness?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/d596511cadf69c3d21901db4c531443a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nwhere KMSSQL is the coefficient that defines this database's share in the company's IT landscape.<\/p>\n<p>The calculation and allocation of storage systems with different manufacturers of arrays and different types of disks are even more complicated. However, describing this part is a topic for a separate post. <\/p>\n<h2>What\u2019s the result?<\/h2>\n<p>\nAs a result of such an exercise, one might end up with an Excel calculator or an automation tool. It all depends on the company's maturity, ongoing processes, implemented solutions, and management's willingness. Such a calculator or data visualization tool helps accurately allocate costs among business units and shows how and on what the IT budget is distributed. This same tool can easily demonstrate how improving service reliability (redundancy) increases its cost, taking into account all associated expenses. This allows the business and the IT director to 'play on the same board' under the same rules. When planning new products, one can calculate costs in advance and assess feasibility. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/en\/server\/dts-los-angeles\/\"   title=\"server\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3476\">server<\/a>Igor Tyukachev, consultant at 'Ingosystems Jet'<\/p>\n<p><i>I believe we all go out with friends.<\/i><br \/>\n<br \/>Source: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/jetinfosystems\/blog\/445716\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0437\u044c\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d. \u0418 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u043a. \u0414\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043c\u0438: \u0421\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439, \u00ab\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439\u00bb. \u041a \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f 10\u201315% \u00ab\u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0439\u00bb \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0443, \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0443. \u0421\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439, \u00ab\u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439\u00bb. \u0427\u0435\u043a \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445, \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":22471,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30471","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0437\u044c\u044f\u043c\u0438.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/en\/blog\/administrirovanie\/allokatsiya-zatrat-na-it-est-li-spravedlivost\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.1.1\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47\u0410\u043b\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0418\u0422 \u2013 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c? 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