{"id":30858,"date":"2019-10-31T21:37:49","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:37:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/pervyj-kompyuternyj-genom-mozhet-privesti-k-sozdaniyu-sinteticheskih-form-zhizni\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:37:49","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:37:49","slug":"pervyj-kompyuternyj-genom-mozhet-privesti-k-sozdaniyu-sinteticheskih-form-zhizni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/en\/blog\/news\/pervyj-kompyuternyj-genom-mozhet-privesti-k-sozdaniyu-sinteticheskih-form-zhizni","title":{"rendered":"The first computer genome could lead to the creation of synthetic life forms.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

All DNA sequences of the life forms studied by scientists are stored in a database owned by the National Center for Biotechnology Information in the U.S. On April 1, a new entry appeared in the database: \"Caulobacter ethensis-2.0.\" This is the world's first fully computer-simulated and then synthesized synthetic genome of a living organism, developed by researchers from ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich). However, it should be emphasized that although the genome C. ethensis-2.0 has been successfully produced as a large DNA molecule, a corresponding living organism does not yet exist.<\/p>\n

\"The<\/p>\n

The research was conducted by Bit Christen, a professor of experimental systems biology, and his brother Matthias Christen \u2013 a chemist. The new genome, named Caulobacter ethensis-2.0, was created by purifying and optimizing the natural code of the bacterium Caulobacter crescentus \u2013 a harmless bacterium that lives in freshwater all over the world.  <\/p>\n

\"The
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More than ten years ago, a team led by geneticist Craig Venter created the first \"synthetic\" bacterium. During their work, the scientists synthesized a copy of the Mycoplasma mycoides genome, which was then implanted into a host cell that subsequently became fully viable and retained the ability to self-replicate.<\/p>\n

The new study continues Craig's work. While previous scientists created a digital model of DNA from a real organism and synthesized a molecule based on it, the new project goes further by using the original DNA code. The scientists significantly reworked it before synthesizing and testing its functionality.<\/p>\n

The researchers started with the original genome of C. crescentus, which contains 4000 genes. Like all living organisms, most of these genes carry no information and are considered \"junk DNA.\" After conducting their analysis, the scientists concluded that only about 680 of them are necessary to sustain the life of the bacterium in the laboratory.<\/p>\n

After removing the \"junk DNA\" and obtaining the minimal genome of C. crescentus, the team continued their work. DNA of living organisms is characterized by built-in redundancy, which means that the synthesis of the same protein is encoded by different genes in several regions of the chain. The researchers replaced more than 1\/6 of the 800,000 DNA letters during the optimization to remove duplicate code.<\/p>\n

«Thanks to our algorithm, we have completely rewritten the genome into a new sequence of DNA letters that no longer resembles the original,» says Bit Kristen, co-author of the study. «At the same time, the biological function at the protein synthesis level remained unchanged.»<\/p>\n

To test whether the resulting chain would function properly in a living cell, the researchers grew a strain of bacteria that had both a natural Caulobacter genome and segments of the artificial genome in its DNA. The scientists turned off individual natural genes and checked the ability of their artificial counterparts to perform the same biological role. The result was quite impressive: about 580 out of 680 artificial genes turned out to be functional.<\/p>\n

«With the knowledge gained, we will be able to improve our algorithm and develop a new version of the genome 3.0,» says Kristen. «We believe that in the near future we will create living bacterial cells with a fully synthetic genome.»<\/p>\n

In the initial stage, such research will help geneticists verify the accuracy of their understanding of DNA and the role of individual genes within it, as any error in synthesizing the chain will lead to the organism with the new genome either dying or being dysfunctional. In the future, these studies will lead to the creation of synthetic microorganisms designed for specific tasks. Artificial viruses will be able to combat their natural counterparts, while specialized bacteria will produce vitamins or medications.<\/p>\n

The research was published in the PNAS journal.<\/p>\n

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Source: 3dnews.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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