{"id":31789,"date":"2019-10-31T21:43:07","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:43:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/dobavlyaem-wds-universalnosti\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:43:07","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:43:07","slug":"dobavlyaem-wds-universalnosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/en\/blog\/administrirovanie\/dobavlyaem-wds-universalnosti","title":{"rendered":"Adding WDS versatility","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Good day, dear Habr residents!<\/p>\n<p>The purpose of this article is to provide a brief overview of the capabilities for deploying various systems through WDS (Windows Deployment Services)<br \/>\nThe article will include short instructions for deploying Windows 7 x64, Windows XP x86, Ubuntu x64 and adding useful tools like Memtest and Gparted to network boot.<br \/>\nThe story will unfold in the order of ideas that come to mind. It all started with Microsoft...<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nAnd now the actual story:<br \/>\nNot long ago, I had a sensible idea to deploy systems at work using WDS. If someone else does the work for us, it's nice. And if we learn something new in the process, that's even better. I won't go into too much detail about installing the WDS role \u2014 Microsoft simplifies it to Next-Next-Next and there are plenty of articles on this topic. I'll briefly discuss working with Windows images, focusing on the moments that caused me difficulties. The non-Microsoft systems will be described in more detail (which is the reason for writing this article).<br \/>\nLet's get started.<br \/>\nThe server acting as the image repository and action coordinator runs Windows Server 2008 R2. For this service to work correctly, roles such as DHCP and DNS are required. And AD \u2014 for adding machines to the domain. (These roles do not necessarily have to reside on one machine; they can be spread across the entire infrastructure. The key is that they work correctly.)<\/p>\n<h5>1. Configuring WDS<\/h5>\n<p>\nWe add the necessary roles and quickly dive into the WDS console, initialize our server and see the following:<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Adding WDS versatility\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/dd16e4a8264767353b3c057d06fb9954.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Install Images<\/b> \u2014 installation images. Configured, beautiful systems that we will be deploying. For convenience, we can add several groups based on system types: Windows 7, XP, or by task types \u2014 IT Dept, Client Dept, Servers.\n <\/li>\n<li><b>Boot Images<\/b> \u2014 boot images. What loads onto the machine first and allows various actions. The very first image here is the one found on the installation disk (for Windows 7 \u2014 this is the sources folder and the files install.wim or boot.wim.<br \/>\nAnd from there, we can do all sorts of interesting things:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <i>Capture Image<\/i> or <i>Record Image<\/i> \u2014 our main tool, allows us to make a copy of a configured system that has been previously processed with sysprep and serves as our template.<\/li>\n<li> <i>Discovery Image<\/i> \u2014 allows you to upload images of configured systems to computers that do not support network booting.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Pending Devices<\/b> \u2014 devices waiting for administrator approval for installation. We want to know who is installing our beauty on their computer.<\/li>\n<li><b>Multicast Transmissions <\/b> \u2014 multicast distribution. Used for installing a single image to a large number of clients.<\/li>\n<li><b>Drivers<\/b> \u2014 drivers. Help add necessary drivers to the server images and avoid similar errors:<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Adding WDS versatility\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/9c24ffc96667d36b19aea8c68fe80ef8.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<u>After adding drivers to the WDS server, they need to be added to the desired boot image.<\/u><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nYes, and also \u2014 for each system architecture, separate boot loaders and installers need to be created. Variety in the zoo comes at a cost.<br \/>\nEssentially, our WDS is already ready. We can boot over the network from the machine and see a selection window with our boot images. <br \/>\nI won\u2019t describe all the steps to prepare the perfect image, just leaving a link to the article on which I based it: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/theitbros.com\/sysprep-a-windows-7-machine-start-to-finish-v2\/\">Click here for Windows 7<\/a><\/noindex> (for some reason I had an old version of WAIK installed \u2014 6.1.7100.0, it was not possible to create the answer file for Windows 7 SP1. The latest one currently is \u2014 6.1.7600.16385)<br \/>\nAnd here <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/thommck.wordpress.com\/2010\/01\/06\/installing-windows-xp-over-the-network-using-windows-deployment-services\/\">more<\/a><\/noindex> instructions for preparing Windows XP for WDS. We won\u2019t go into details \u2014 the most interesting is in the second part!<\/p>\n<h5>2. Universal Boot Loader<\/h5>\n<p>\nIt\u2019s great that we now have such a system. Using it is a pleasure. But can\u2019t we make our life even easier?<br \/>\nI want to install Linux through it!<br \/>\nFirst of all, as many of you remember \u2014 installing Windows and Ubuntu in parallel does not end well for the Windows boot loader. It gets overridden by the universal GRUB.<br \/>\nIt\u2019s the same here. We need a universal boot loader, meet \u2014 it\u2019s <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.syslinux.org\/wiki\/index.php\/PXELINUX\">PXELINUX<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n1) Download the latest version (at the time of writing this article it\u2019s <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/pub\/linux\/utils\/boot\/syslinux\/\">5.01<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nWe are interested in these files:<br \/>\ncorepxelinux.0 <br \/>\ncom32menuvesamenu.c32 (you can use menu.c32 for a text interface during boot)<br \/>\ncom32chainchain.c32<br \/>\nIn all guides for using this boot loader, they say it works with these three files. I had to add ldlinux.c32, libcom.c32, and libutil_com.c32 as well. You can do it this way \u2014 copy the recommended ones and run. If it complains about a file \u2014 copy that one to the folder.<br \/>\nWe also need the memdisk file for loading the iso. Let\u2019s put it in this folder.<br \/>\n2) Place them in the folder where all your WDS images are stored. Specifically here \u2014 RemoteInstallBootx64 (we will only be installing 64, for 86 place the same files in that folder as well.)<br \/>\n3) Rename pxelinux.0 to pxelinux.com<br \/>\n4) Let's create <b>a folder<\/b> pxelinux<b>.cfg<\/b> for the configuration file and the file itself (of course, inside this folder) \u2014 default (without extension!) with the following content:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>DEFAULT vesamenu.c32<br \/>\n PROMPT 0<br \/>\n NOESCAPE 0<br \/>\n ALLOWOPTIONS 0<br \/>\n # Timeout in units of 1\/10 s<br \/>\n TIMEOUT 300<br \/>\n MENU MARGIN 10<br \/>\n MENU ROWS 16<br \/>\n MENU TABMSGROW 21<br \/>\n MENU TIMEOUTROW 26<br \/>\n MENU COLOR BORDER 30;44 #20ffffff #00000000 none<br \/>\n MENU COLOR SCROLLBAR 30;44 #20ffffff #00000000 none<br \/>\n MENU COLOR TITLE 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none<br \/>\n MENU COLOR SEL 30;47 #40000000 #20ffffff<br \/>\n MENU BACKGROUND pxelinux.cfg\/picture.jpg #picture 640\u00d7480 for background<br \/>\n MENU TITLE Choose your destiny!<\/p>\n<p>LABEL wds<br \/>\n MENU LABEL Windows Deployment Services (7, XP, Boot images)<br \/>\n KERNEL pxeboot.0<\/p>\n<p>LABEL local <br \/>\n MENU DEFAULT<br \/>\n MENU LABEL Boot from Harddisk<br \/>\n LOCALBOOT 0<br \/>\n Type 0x80\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\n5) Make a copy of the file pxeboot.n12 and name it pxeboot.0 <br \/>\n6) After that, we need to teach our WDS to boot specifically with the universal loader. In 2008, this was done through the GUI, in 2008 R2 \u2014 through the command line. Open it and enter:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> wdsutil \/set-server \/bootprogram:bootx64pxelinux.com \/architecture:x64 <\/li>\n<li> wdsutil \/set-server \/N12bootprogram:bootx64pxelinux.com \/architecture:x64<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nCommand line output:<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Adding WDS versatility\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/798cc7f8746d3aa631adcc7f9216243a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nThat's it, let's boot and see the desired screen:<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Adding WDS versatility\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/cf67721e628e4e72f7bc35155215adca.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nThis is the basic config, it can be adjusted to your requirements (company logo, boot order, etc. For now, it can only transfer control to WDS and boot again from the hard disk. Let's teach it to boot Ubuntu!<\/p>\n<h5>3. Teaching the eaglet to fly<\/h5>\n<p>\nWhat did we need there? Ubuntu, Gparted? Let's add memtest for good measure.<br \/>\nLet's start with the simplest:<br \/>\nMemtest<br \/>\nCreate a separate folder for Linux files in the Boot\/x64 WDS, for example, Distr. And subfolders in it for our respective systems:<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Adding WDS versatility\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/13deec224baca5c6ca537534fdf084f6.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nDownload <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.memtest.org\/#downiso\">iso mtmtest<\/a><\/noindex> and add the following lines to our boot config (default file):<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>label MemTest<br \/>\nmenu label MemTest86+<br \/>\nKernel memdisk iso raw<br \/>\ninitrd Linux\/mt420.iso<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nThis will load our small image into memory and run from there. Unfortunately, that didn't work for me with larger images.<\/p>\n<p>Gparted<br \/>\nDownload <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/gparted.sourceforge.net\/\">the latest version<\/a><\/noindex>, extract the iso image and take three files \u2014 \/live\/vmlinuz, \/live\/initrd.img, and \/live\/filesystem.squashfs<br \/>\nWhat are these files? (<i>I may be mistaken in the terminology, I kindly ask readers to correct me if I'm wrong<\/i>)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>vmlinuz (you might also see it as vmlinux) \u2014 compressed kernel file<\/li>\n<li>initrd.img \u2014 image of the root filesystem (minimum necessary for booting)<\/li>\n<li>filesystem.squashfs \u2014 the actual files used during operation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nWe place the first two files in the upload folder (in my case, this is Bootx64DistrGparted) and the third one on the IIS server (fortunately, it\u2019s already set up for WSUS).<br \/>\nA lyrical digression \u2014 unfortunately, I couldn\u2019t get the method of loading the ISO image into memdisk with large distributions to work. If you happen to know the secret to success \u2014 that would be a great solution, allowing for quick booting of any system from an ISO image.<br \/>\nWe add filesystem.squashfs on IIS so it can be read over the network (don\u2019t forget to add the MIME type for this extension).<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Adding WDS versatility\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/972a8d26634323b6db90a7a67a80a771.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nNow we add a record to our pxelinux.cfg\/default:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>LABEL GParted Live<br \/>\nMENU LABEL GParted Live<br \/>\nKERNEL Distr\/Gparted\/vmlinuz<br \/>\nAPPEND initrd=Distr\/Gparted\/initrg.img boot=live config union=aufs noswap nopromt vga=788 fetch=http:\/\/192.168.10.10\/Distr\/Gparted\/filesystem.squashfs\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nWe check \u2014 it works!<br \/>\nUbuntu 12.04<br \/>\nI added two possible installation options \u2014 fully automated (thanks to user <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/geektimes.ru\/users\/malamut\/\" class=\"user_link\">Malamut<\/a><\/noindex> for <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/habrahabr.ru\/post\/104029\/\">the article <\/a><\/noindex>and manual mode)<br \/>\nWe download the file with alternate installation and extract two files from it (as before) \u2014 initrd.gz and linux, and place them in Distr\/Ubuntu.<br \/>\nWe add the following lines to our pxelinux.cfg\/default:<br \/>\nfor fully manual installation<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>LABEL Ubuntu<br \/>\nKERNEL Distr\/Ubuntu\/linux<br \/>\nAPPEND priority=low vga=normal initrd=Distr\/Ubuntu\/initrd.gz\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nFor automated installation, we need a file with response settings (you can read about it <noindex>here<\/noindex>) and we'll place it on our web server. My line in the bootloader looks like this:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>LABEL Ubuntu Auto Install<br \/>\nKERNEL Distr\/Ubuntu\/linux<br \/>\nAPPEND initrd=Distr\/Ubuntu\/initrd.gz ksdevice=eth0 locale=ru_RU.UTF-8 console-setup\/layoutcode=ru url=http:\/\/192.168.10.10\/Distr\/Ubuntu\/preseed.txt\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nFuture utility<br \/>\nWhile reviewing material on the topic and seeking answers to my questions, I discovered a <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/habrahabr.ru\/post\/140002\/\">remarkable article<\/a><\/noindex> from <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/geektimes.ru\/users\/alexander_erofeev\/\" class=\"user_link\">Alexander_Erofeev<\/a><\/noindex> describing how to boot Kaspersky Rescue Disk over the network. Unfortunately, it didn\u2019t work for me. But the tool is indeed useful (sometimes, overly zealous users might grab something unusual\u2026 It\u2019s handy to have such a tool at hand).<\/p>\n<h5>Conclusion<\/h5>\n<p>\nThis article provides an overview of the capabilities offered by the WDS role from Microsoft. When I started writing this article, the plans were grand: a detailed HOWTO on all aspects of booting the systems mentioned above... But as I started accumulating material specifically on WDS, the narrative led me into some depths that probably no one will encounter... Therefore, I decided to share brief information about what is possible, along with links to good articles. If readers are interested or if I suddenly desire fame and money to add to my Khabrahabr contributions with more articles, I can delve deeper into each stage of configuring a multi-purpose WDS server.<br \/>\nI would like to thank the authors again <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/geektimes.ru\/users\/alexander_erofeev\/\" class=\"user_link\">Alexander_Erofeev<\/a><\/noindex> and <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/geektimes.ru\/users\/malamut\/\" class=\"user_link\">Malamut<\/a><\/noindex> for their material, which will be interesting to everyone without exception.<br \/>\nNaturally, there have already been articles on this topic on Khabr, I tried to shed light on the issue from a different perspective or to complement it: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/habrahabr.ru\/post\/82552\/\">One<\/a><\/noindex> and <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/habrahabr.ru\/sandbox\/35205\/\">Two, but none were published<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nThank you for your attention. <br \/>\n<b>Glory to the robots!<\/b><br \/>\n<br \/>Source: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/171329\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0414\u043e\u0431\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c, \u0443\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0445\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0430-\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438! \u0426\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 WDS (Windows Deployment Services) \u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Windows 7 x64, Windows XP x86, Ubuntu x64 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a Memtest \u0438 Gparted. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0435 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":23672,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31789","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0414\u043e\u0431\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c, \u0443\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0445\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0430-\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438! 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