{"id":33944,"date":"2019-10-31T21:55:32","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:55:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/konfidentsialnost-dannyh-iot-i-mozilla-webthings\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:55:32","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:55:32","slug":"konfidentsialnost-dannyh-iot-i-mozilla-webthings","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/en\/blog\/administrirovanie\/konfidentsialnost-dannyh-iot-i-mozilla-webthings","title":{"rendered":"Data privacy, IoT, and Mozilla WebThings","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Data
\nFrom the Translator: A brief summary of the article<\/b>Centralizing smart home devices (like Apple Home Kit, Xiaomi, and others) is problematic because:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Users become dependent on a specific vendor, as devices cannot communicate with each other beyond one manufacturer;<\/li>\n
  2. Vendors use user data at their discretion, leaving users with no choice;<\/li>\n
  3. Centralization makes users more vulnerable, as a hacker attack can compromise millions of users at once.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Mozilla conducted a study that revealed:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Some users are willing to sacrifice data privacy for convenience;<\/li>\n
    2. Most are accustomed to having their data collected and are surprised when it doesn\u2019t happen;<\/li>\n
    3. A significant portion of users would like to opt out of surveillance, but they have no choice.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Mozilla is developing its own smart home standard and encourages everyone to pursue decentralization and isolation. Their WebThings gateway<\/a><\/noindex> does not collect any data at all and can operate completely autonomously.<\/p>\n

      Next, more details, links, and the results of Mozilla's research.<\/i><\/p>\n

      Smart home devices help make life a little easier, but at the same time, they require you to transfer control of your information to the manufacturing companies. In a recent article<\/a><\/noindex> from New York Times Privacy Project<\/a><\/noindex> on online privacy, the author recommended purchasing IoT devices only if the user is 'ready to sacrifice some privacy for convenience.'<\/p>\n

      <\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

      This is sound advice, as the companies that manage smart home devices are aware of your presence at home, not just when you inform them. Soon, they will use always-on microphones to listen to literally every sneeze you make<\/a><\/noindex>, and then suggest cold remedies from their affiliated suppliers. Furthermore, requiring data transmission and processing logic only on their servers diminishes the interaction capabilities of different platforms. Leading companies will take away consumers' ability to choose the technologies they need.<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      At Mozilla, we believe that users should have control over their devices and<\/i> and the data that these devices generate. You<\/i> should own the data, you<\/i> You need to control where they go, you<\/i> should have the ability to make changes to their profile if it is inaccurately drafted<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      Mozilla WebThings<\/a><\/noindex> you should privacy at the architectural level<\/a><\/noindex>, a set of principles from Dr. Ann Cavoukian<\/a><\/noindex>, which consider the preservation of user data privacy throughout the design and development of the product. People\u2019s priorities over profit, we offer an alternative approach to the Internet of Things that will fundamentally be private and return users control over their data.<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      User attitudes towards privacy and IoT<\/h2>\n

      <\/p>\n

      Before considering the architecture of WebThings, let's talk about what users think about privacy in the context of smart home devices and why it is essential to empower people to take responsibility.<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      Today, when you purchase a smart home device, you gain the convenient ability to control and monitor your home through the internet. You can turn off the lights at home while at the office. You can check if the garage door is left open. Previous research<\/a><\/noindex> has shown that users passively (and sometimes actively) agree to trade privacy for the convenience of managing their home. When users have no alternative choice to gain convenience in exchange for loss of privacy, they reluctantly agree to such a trade.<\/strong><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      However, while people buy and use smart home devices, this does not mean they are comfortable with such a status quo. One recent survey of users showed that almost half (45%) of 188 smart home owners were concerned about the privacy or security of their devices<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      \"Data<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      User survey results<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      In the fall of 2018, our team of researchers conducted a diary-based study<\/a><\/noindex>, involving 11 users from the USA and the UK. We wanted to learn how convenient and practical our WebThings project is. We provided each participant with a Raspberry Pi with pre-installed WebThings 0.5 and several smart devices.<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      \"Data<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      Smart devices are issued to the research participants<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      We observed (on-site or via video chat) how each participant went through the entire installation process and smart home settings<\/a><\/noindex>. We then asked participants to keep a journal to document their interactions with the smart home, as well as to account for any issues that arose during the process. After two weeks, we spoke with each participant about their experiences. Some participants, for whom the concept of a smart home was new, were thrilled about the IoT capabilities in simplifying routine tasks; others were disappointed by the unreliability of certain devices. The impressions of the remaining participants were somewhere in the middle: users wanted to create more complex algorithms and rules, and desired a smartphone app for receiving notifications.<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      Additionally, we gained insights into users' attitudes towards data collection. To our surprise, all 11 participants were firmly convinced that we were collecting data about them<\/strong>. They had already learned to expect such data collection, as this model prevails in most platforms and online services. Some participants believed that the data was collected to improve quality or for research purposes. However, upon learning that no data about them was being collected, two of the participants expressed relief \u2014 they had one less reason to worry about the misuse of their data in the future.<\/strong><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      On the contrary, there were participants who were not concerned at all about data collection: they thought that companies were not interested in such trivial information,<\/strong> like turning a light bulb on or off. They did not see the repercussions of how collected data could be used against them. This showed us that we need to better demonstrate to users what outsiders can learn from data from your smart home<\/a><\/noindex>. For example, it is not difficult to determine when you are not at home using data from a door sensor.<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      \"Data<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      Door sensor logs can show when someone is not at home<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      From this research, we learned what people think about the data privacy generated by smart homes. And at the same time, in the absence of alternatives, they are willing to sacrifice privacy for comfort. Some do not worry about privacy, not seeing long-term negative consequences of data collection. We believe that privacy should be a right for everyone<\/a><\/noindex>, regardless of social and economic status or technical skills. Now, let's explain how we do it.<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      Decentralization of data management gives users privacy.<\/h2>\n

      <\/p>\n

      Smart home device manufacturers design their products to provide more services to themselves than to the customers.<\/strong> Using a typical IoT stack where devices cannot easily interact, they can build a reliable picture of user behavior, preferences, and actions from the data they collect on their servers.<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      Take a simple example of a smart bulb. You buy the bulb and download a smartphone application. You may need to set up a hub to transmit data from the bulb to the internet and possibly configure a 'subscription to the manufacturer's cloud account' to control it at home or remotely. Now imagine five years later when you've installed dozens or hundreds of smart devices\u2014appliances, energy-saving devices, sensors, security systems. How many apps and accounts will you have by then?<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      The current operating model requires you to share your data with manufacturers for your devices to function correctly. This, in turn, means you must work solely with the devices and services of these companies\u2014like in enclosed sanctuaries.<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      Mozilla's solution puts data back in the hands of users. In Mozilla WebThings, there are no cloud servers storing data for millions of users. User data is stored in the user's home.<\/strong> Backups can be stored anywhere. Remote access to devices occurs from a single interface. The user doesn't need to install multiple applications, and all data is tunneled through a private subdomain with HTTPS encryption that<\/strong> the user creates themselves.<\/strong><\/i> .<\/strong><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      The only data Mozilla receives is when the subdomain checks our server for WebThings updates. The user can choose not to give devices internet access and manage them completely locally.<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      Decentralization of WebThings gateways means that each user has their own 'data center.' The gateway becomes the central nervous system of the home. When data about users' smart devices is stored at home, it becomes much harder for hackers to access a large amount of user data at once.\u00a0The decentralized approach offers two main advantages: complete user data privacy and reliable storage with best-in-class encryption.<\/strong>https<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      The image below compares Mozilla's approach with that of a typical smart home device manufacturer.<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      \"Data<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      Comparison of Mozilla's approach to a typical smart home manufacturer<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      Mozilla's approach gives users an alternative to current offerings, ensuring data privacy. and<\/i> the convenience of IoT devices.<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      Further efforts towards decentralization<\/h2>\n

      <\/p>\n

      In developing Mozilla WebThings, we deliberately isolated users from servers that could collect their data, including our own Mozilla servers, offering a compatible decentralized IoT solution. Our decision not to collect data is an integral part of our mission and further reflects our organization\u2019s long-term interest in new technologies. decentralization<\/a><\/noindex> as a means to enhance user engagement.<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      WebThings embodies our mission to treat personal security and privacy on the internet as a fundamental right, returning power back to the users. From the perspective of<\/strong> Mozilla<\/a><\/noindex>, decentralized technologies can disrupt centralized 'authorities' and return more rights to users themselves.<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      Decentralization can be the result of social, political, and technological efforts to redistribute power from the minority to the majority.<\/strong> We can achieve this by rethinking and restructuring the network architecture. By allowing IoT devices to operate on a local network without the need to transfer data to external servers, we decentralize the existing IoT framework.<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      With Mozilla WebThings, we create a demonstration of how a decentralized distributed system through web protocols can impact the IoT ecosystem.<\/strong> Our team has already created a draftAPI specification for WebThing.<\/a><\/noindex>, to maintain standardization in the use of the web for other devices and IoT gateways.<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      While this is one way to achieve decentralization, there are complementary projects with similar goals at different stages of development to return power to users. Signals from other market players, such as FreedomBox Foundation<\/a><\/noindex>, Daplie<\/a><\/noindex> andDouglass<\/a><\/noindex>, indicate that individuals, households, and communities are looking for ways to manage their data independently.<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      By focusing on people first, Mozilla WebThings<\/a><\/noindex> it returns choice to individuals<\/strong>: regarding how private they want their data to be and which devices they want to use in their system.<\/p>\n

      \nRelated publications:<\/b>
      \n      Mozilla WebThings \u2014 setting up a gateway<\/a><\/noindex>
      \n       Mozilla WebThings on Raspberry Pi - Getting Started <\/a><\/noindex>
      \n      Mozilla has developed an open gateway for the Internet of Things<\/a><\/noindex>
      \n
      Source:       habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      \u041e\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430: \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438\u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0443\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430 (\u0432\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435 Apple Home Kit, Xiaomi \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445) \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0445\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e: \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0430, \u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c 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