{"id":35060,"date":"2019-10-31T22:02:06","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:02:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/uluchshaem-rabotu-wi-fi-chast-2-osobennosti-oborudovaniya\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:02:06","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:02:06","slug":"uluchshaem-rabotu-wi-fi-chast-2-osobennosti-oborudovaniya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/en\/blog\/administrirovanie\/uluchshaem-rabotu-wi-fi-chast-2-osobennosti-oborudovaniya","title":{"rendered":"Improving Wi-Fi Performance. Part 2. Equipment Features","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Improving Wi-Fi Performance. Part 2. Equipment Features\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/0b788111da0b1bdb5078f974c3147f58.JPG\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nFriends, this article is a continuation <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/zyxel\/blog\/451768\/\">the first part<\/a><\/noindex> of a series of articles on how to improve WiFi performance in offices or enterprises.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Expectations and Surprises<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>As an introduction, let\u2019s present some facts.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>The strength of the Wi-Fi signal at the reception point depends on several factors:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>the distance (from the client to the access point);<\/li>\n<li>the antenna gain;<\/li>\n<li>the radiation pattern;<\/li>\n<li>the presence of external interference (including from Bluetooth devices, microwaves, etc.);<\/li>\n<li>obstacles in the signal's path.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Therefore, if there is a change in the landscape, the appearance of 'foreign' signal sources, the installation of additional insulating barriers, etc.\u2014it is necessary to adapt to new conditions.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>Important!<\/strong> <em>It is impossible to conceptually determine all nuances affecting the quality of a wireless network. To produce more or less accurate data in each specific case, preliminary research must be conducted.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Much also depends on client devices. An interesting example is when the internal IT infrastructure was designed quite a while ago and was fully adapted to the 2.4 GHz range. However, the widespread popularity of 5 GHz devices made adjustments necessary. Part of the wireless equipment had to be replaced and the placement map of access points changed, considering recommendations to place clients in 'line of sight.'<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Detailed <em>mapping<\/em> <em>of the area<\/em> (surveying and mapping Wi-Fi coverage areas from all access points) helps clarify certain preliminary decisions.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Sometimes at the initial stage, it is only possible to have an approximate knowledge of the number of devices and a rough layout scheme, asking questions only after installation with subsequent on-site testing and adjustments. This also applies to the choice of antennas for signal amplification.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>The situation with designing and upgrading Wi-Fi is somewhat reminiscent of preventive healthcare. Naturally, no one can accurately predict what diseases one might contract in the near future. However, by understanding general principles such as maintaining hygiene, leading a healthy lifestyle, and following medical recommendations, many issues can be avoided.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Similarly, in designing various systems\u2014it's impossible to know everything in advance, but there are some general principles that our article addresses.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Additional antenna, repeater, or data transmission between points?<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>There are several ways to improve network performance. Accordingly, there are different types of equipment that can help achieve this.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Additional antenna<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>External antennas are used to boost the signal from access points. Sometimes, in addition to the antenna itself, an amplifier is included. Such devices often require external power, for example, from a socket.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>The main merit of the antenna is that it simply increases the signal strength.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>This approach is good when there is a vast space with a limited number of clients. For instance, an industrial warehouse. Placing an antenna from a single point on the ceiling in the center of the room can provide coverage throughout the area for several warehouse staff and visitors.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>However, if two such powerful transmitters are placed next to each other, instead of helping each other, they will cause mutual interference.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>It should be noted that no matter how powerful the antenna is, the number of connected clients will be limited by the internal resources of a single access point.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>For a busy office environment, where most consumers are located close to one another, building a network based on a single access point, even with the most powerful antenna, is not a good idea. High power is not in high demand here; what is more beneficial is load balancing among several points, the ability to handle a larger number of simultaneous requests from clients, or blocking unwanted access.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Therefore, we keep the access point with the external antenna in its place \u2014 proudly standing alone under the warehouse roof and move on to the next item in our description.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Using Repeaters<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A signal repeater is a device that receives a signal from the access point and forwards it to the client, or vice versa \u2014 from the client to the access point.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>This allows to extend the coverage of the wireless network. Clients will be able to connect to the repeater in areas where the signal starts to weaken without much hassle.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A drawback of this type of device is the need for the repeater not only to connect with the client but also to interact with the main access point. If only one radio module is used, it has to handle the work of 'two', which reduces the network access speed. This option is usually found in inexpensive devices for home use.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>In situations where speed loss is unacceptable, it is recommended to use repeater models with two radio modules. Having a second Wi-Fi transceiver ensures a more stable and faster operation of the wireless network.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Another fact to keep in mind is the capability to operate in both frequency bands: 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz. Some outdated or very basic models intended only for home use support only one band \u2014 2.4 GHz.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>Advice<\/strong>. If you decide to use repeaters, it is worth considering the model <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zyxel.com\/ru\/ru\/products_services\/AC1300-MU-MIMO-Dual-Band-Wireless-Range-Extender-WRE6606\/overview#application-diagram\">AC1300 MU-MIMO<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 a dual-band wireless network repeater. <\/p>\n<p>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3>Using wireless signals to connect multiple access points<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>This option is used when it is not possible to connect all access points into a single network using cable infrastructure. It is somewhat reminiscent of using repeaters, but instead of a 'dumb' repeater, a full-fledged access point is used.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>As with the repeater, it is strongly recommended to use access points with two Wi-Fi interfaces. One will be used to connect with the neighboring point, while the other will provide interaction with clients.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>If a point with a single interface operates in this mode (this requires configuring the interface in AP+Bridge mode), the resulting data transfer speed between the client and Wi-Fi network resources will be significantly lower.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>This dependency is due to the fact that Wi-Fi technology uses time division multiplexing (TDM), and data transmission at any given moment is only possible from one network participant in one direction.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Unfortunately, operating in such a mode does not provide load distribution among multiple access points. As discussed in the article <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/zyxel\/blog\/436048\/\">\u201cSynchronizing Wi-Fi Access Points for Cooperative Operation\u201d<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 a situation arises where a large number of users are connected to one remote access point, while nearby access points are almost idle.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>The preferred option is to connect access points via network cable with synchronization through a dedicated Wi-Fi network controller.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>On the wall or on the ceiling?<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>There are various options for placing access points. Depending on convenience and the specifics of the room\u2014large office, small office, restaurant, store, and so on\u2014it's necessary to select the most appropriate placement option. In some cases, it may be more convenient to place the access point on the wall, while in others, it might be better to place it on the ceiling or even under the roof. There are also cases for outdoor access points, simply put 'outside', but for now, we will focus only on equipment for indoor use.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Placing an access point on the wall has its challenges. You may need to drill walls for mounting, deal with power supply and network cable routing, and so on.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>What if the access point is placed not on the wall, but directly under the ceiling? What challenges can be expected here?<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>First of all, there may be problems with mounting the point to the ceiling material. For example, modern offices often have false ceilings made of drywall panels, which complicates the equipment placement process.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Therefore, it is necessary to think ahead about the mounting option.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>If you plan to connect access points to the network via cables, it may be necessary to install special ducts above the false ceiling where power cables and local network communications will be laid.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>If there is no false ceiling at all, then the issue of drilling ceiling structures and supplying power and network cables to the access point can become quite complicated.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Recently, offices styled as 'lofts' have become popular, where the concept of a ceiling is virtually absent, and various pipes and communications run overhead. In such situations, securing the access point and running cables to it will be much easier. However, the presence of large metal objects, such as thick pipes, reinforcing bars, and grills can affect signal transmission conditions. I remind you that the final verdict on the applicability of a particular scheme can only be provided by special research or specific practical experience.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Figure 1 shows option 1 with ceiling placement. With such placement, access points can interfere with each other. Standard methods for reducing mutual interference will be needed here: the use of different channels and power adjustment, as described in the article <em>\"Improving Wi-Fi Performance: General Principles and Useful Tips\"<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Improving Wi-Fi Performance. Part 2. Equipment Features\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/761b423f38d93eb319eab5a794ce8569.JPG\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>Figure 1. Placement of access points on the ceiling.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>However, ceiling placement can provide better coverage of the entire office space.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Direction of emitted signal<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Weighing all the advantages of each option, you shouldn't rush to simply move the access point from the wall to the ceiling, or vice versa, from the ceiling to the wall. First, the issue of altering the directionality of the signal should be addressed.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>For equipment designed for ceiling mounting, the signal spreads in radial circles, with the transmitter-receiver module at the center (see Figure 2).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Improving Wi-Fi Performance. Part 2. Equipment Features\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/c6b9d2a45c4036cad8134c225766bb2b.JPG\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>Figure 2. Signal propagation with wall and ceiling placement.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>What happens if you take a ceiling-mounted access point and simply hang it on the wall? In this case, the signal will be well accessible only in close proximity. For clients on the opposite side of the room, the signal level will be significantly lower, resulting in poor connection quality.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A similar problem arises if a wall-mounted access point is placed on the ceiling. Its radiation pattern is directed not radially but from the wall where the access point is hanging \u2014 along the room (see Figure 2). If such a point is located on the ceiling, the main coverage area will be directly beneath it. Simply put, the radio module of this point will be 'shooting at the floor', from top to bottom.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>As mentioned above, in some cases, it is not easy to immediately choose the optimal location for all access points. Fortunately, Zyxel has universal models that allow you to select the mode of use depending on the placement: on the ceiling or on the wall.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>Note<\/strong>. We recommend paying attention to models that are adapted for both mounting options and have two radio modules, such as <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zyxel.com\/ru\/ru\/products_services\/802-11ac-Dual-Radio-Dual-Mount-PoE-Access-Point-NWA1123-AC-PRO\"> NWA1123-AC PRO<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>The versatility of placement should also be considered if an office relocation is planned. In this case, it makes sense to choose adaptable access points.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>In summary<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>There are no one-size-fits-all methods, but adhering to certain recommendations can help avoid many issues in the design, deployment, and maintenance of a Wi-Fi network.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Transmitting devices should not be placed too close to each other.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>In some cases, it is better to use ceiling-mounted access points, while in others, wall-mounted ones are preferable. The radiation pattern for each option must be taken into account. There are universal access points with the ability to switch usage modes.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>In the next article in this series, we will discuss the placement of wireless communication equipment in more detail.<\/p>\n<p>Questions about equipment selection, setup and configuration consultations, opinions to share? We invite you to our <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/zyxelru\">telegram<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<h2>file \u2014 continuous reading of events from one or more local files;<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/zyxel\/blog\/436048\">Synchronization of Wi-Fi access points for collaborative work<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><noindex>General Recommendations for Building Wireless Networks<\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/help.keenetic.com\/hc\/ru\/articles\/213968709-%D0%A7%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%83-%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85-%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9-Wi-Fi-%D0%A7%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%82-%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F-%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85-%D0%B8-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B-%D0%B8%D1%85-%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B-\">What Affects the Operation of Wi-Fi Wireless Networks? What Can Be Sources of Interference and What Are Their Possible Causes? <\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Source: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/zyxel\/blog\/455040\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0414\u0440\u0443\u0437\u044c\u044f, \u044d\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 WiFi \u0432 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0441\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0438. \u041e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u044e\u0440\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u044b \u0412 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0451\u043c \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u044b. \u041c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c Wi-Fi&#8212;\u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0451\u043c\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432: \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 (\u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430); \u043a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b; \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438; \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0445 (\u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35060","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/en\/blog\/administrirovanie\/uluchshaem-rabotu-wi-fi-chast-2-osobennosti-oborudovaniya\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.1.1\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47\u0423\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 Wi-Fi. \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 2. \u041e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f | ProHoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/en\/blog\/administrirovanie\/uluchshaem-rabotu-wi-fi-chast-2-osobennosti-oborudovaniya\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-10-31T19:02:06+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-10-31T19:02:06+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Improving Wi-Fi Performance. 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