{"id":35076,"date":"2019-10-31T22:02:12","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:02:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/vzglyad-iznutri-aspirantura-v-epfl-chast-3-ot-postupleniya-do-zashhity\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:02:12","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:02:12","slug":"vzglyad-iznutri-aspirantura-v-epfl-chast-3-ot-postupleniya-do-zashhity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/en\/blog\/news\/vzglyad-iznutri-aspirantura-v-epfl-chast-3-ot-postupleniya-do-zashhity","title":{"rendered":"Inside Perspective: Graduate Studies at EPFL. Part 3: From Admission to Defense","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Inside Perspective: Graduate Studies at EPFL. Part 3: From Admission to Defense\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/1635ac7b8d6d1774c000e575479352d7.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><i>Dedicated to the 50th Anniversary of EPFL<\/i><\/p>\n<p>On October 30, 2012, I held a one-way ticket to Geneva and a strong desire to earn a PhD at one of Europe's most prestigious universities\u2014and perhaps the world. By December 31, 2018, I spent my last day in a lab I had come to cherish. It's time to reflect on where my dreams have led me over the past six years, discuss life in a country known for cheese, chocolate, watches, and army knives, and philosophize about where one might find true happiness.<\/p>\n<p>How to apply for graduate studies and what to do upon arrival is covered in two articles (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/post\/169099\/\">Part 1<\/a><\/noindex> and <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/post\/171877\/\">Part 2<\/a><\/noindex>). For the School of Computer Science, I discovered my fairly detailed manual <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/goo.gl\/JDozfs\">here<\/a><\/noindex>. In this installment, it's time to wrap up the lengthy narrative about grad school at a beautiful university in one of the richest yet simultaneously poorest countries\u2014Switzerland.<\/p>\n<p><b>Disclaimer:<\/b> the aim of this article is to present the main aspects of a graduate student's scientific life at EPFL in an accessible manner. Perhaps someday some of the thoughts expressed here will be realized in Russia during university reforms or in the 5-100 program. Additional clarifying information and examples are included in the spoilers; some points may be overgeneralized, but I hope this will not spoil the overall narrative.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nWell, congratulations, my dear friend, you've been admitted to graduate school at one of the best universities in Europe and the world. You've settled into your daily life, which we'll discuss in more detail in upcoming parts, completed the necessary safety and lab training, and now, six months have flown by. Your supervisor, the professor, is immensely pleased (or maybe not\u2014this is uncertain) with the results, and ahead lies the qualifying exam\u2014the first serious test on the path to earning a PhD.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Inside Perspective: Graduate Studies at EPFL. Part 3: From Admission to Defense\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/ae962a23aa7f91a8cb991a5fc928feb7.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Let's go! The move from Lausanne to the new campus in Sion in April 2015<\/i><\/p>\n<h2>The Swiss Approach to the 'Candidate Minimum'<\/h2>\n<p>\nAt the end of the first year of training for each graduate student, or more precisely, a candidate for graduate school, there is a qualification exam awaiting. Before this significant moment, graduate students often feel nervous, although cases of expulsion can be counted on one hand. This is because candidates undergo several stages of filtering: <\/p>\n<ol>\n<li> a formal one when submitting an application to the school,<\/li>\n<li> a personal one during the interview and presentation,<\/li>\n<li> and a social one, when, before the final decision on admission, the professor or group leader asks their colleagues whether they liked the candidate and whether they will fit into the team.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\nIf someone is expelled, it is done for formal and objective reasons, such as regular and serious violations of safety rules or very poor academic results.<\/p>\n<p>So there is absolutely no need to fear the first-year exam, as overall it is much easier than in Russia, where you must take exams in philosophy, English, your specialty, and write numerous reports on your work.<\/p>\n<p>There are several formal criteria for access to the exam (which may vary from school to school):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>3-4 ECTS credits out of 12 or 16 must be completed (more on this below), depending on the program\/school. In my case, it was <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/phd.epfl.ch\/EDCH\">EDCH<\/a><\/noindex> \u2013 the doctoral school in chemistry and chemical technology.<\/li>\n<li>A written report on completed work and future plans is required. Some schools ask for a brief report of 5 pages, while others believe a mini-literature review should be written.<\/li>\n<li>A committee of 2-3 professors is selected (often internal).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nAll actions are recorded in an electronic accounting system (more on this below), and the report, along with the names and surnames of the professors, is uploaded there as well. This means minimal bureaucracy and almost complete absence of paper waste (literally a couple of forms need to be filled out and signed). However, a quick survey showed that EPFL is quite heterogeneous internally and, for example, in <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/phd.epfl.ch\/EDBB\">EDBB<\/a><\/noindex> (the school of biology and biotechnology), the electronic system is used differently.<\/p>\n<p>During the exam before the committee, which includes the academic supervisor, you must deliver a presentation and answer questions. Sometimes they can be quite philosophical; however, no one will be torturing you with \"textbook questions,\" such as writing a specific formula or forcing you to draw a phase diagram of iron-carbon with all the austenitic and martensitic transformations.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">The widely known iron-carbon diagram<\/b><center><div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"Bc1GMdIhFcc\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/Bc1GMdIhFcc\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Play video\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Inside Perspective: Graduate Studies at EPFL. Part 3: From Admission to Defense\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/a82ebb512603a75d4925c0bdc7c6bded.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>By the way, the diagram for memorization is not easy. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE-%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4\">Source<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n<p>It is believed that the candidate will find this information somewhere in a textbook or reference book, but the ability to think, evaluate facts, and make correct deductions is unfortunately not something found in books.<\/p>\n<h2>European Credits (ECTS): what is it and how does it work?<\/h2>\n<p>\nIf you thought I would write about financial credits, you are mistaken. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Credit_Transfer_and_Accumulation_System\">ECTS<\/a><\/noindex> is a European-wide system for tracking and transferring the time spent studying each subject. The number of hours required to earn one credit varies slightly but is generally standardized to about 15 hours per ECTS. At EPFL, the norm is 14-16 hours per ECTS, which roughly corresponds to a half-semester course of 2 academic hours per week.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Course Electronic Book<\/b>In the course electronic book (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/phd.epfl.ch\/edch_cours_en\">course book<\/a><\/noindex>), which is unique to each school, it looks as follows: on the right, the value of the course in credits, the total number of hours, and the schedule:<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Inside Perspective: Graduate Studies at EPFL. Part 3: From Admission to Defense\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/8931000c4b0f660021d0b99227741890.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nHowever, there are some courses where only 1 credit is given for 30 hours.<\/p>\n<p>As of 2013, the following rule was in effect: for master's students, it was necessary to earn 12 credits throughout their doctoral studies, whereas for specialists, it was 16. This was justified by the fact that the specialist program is shorter, and thus additional courses are needed to make up the six-month difference.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Life hacks and perks<\/b>The system includes several life hacks and perks:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Each year, you can earn 1 ECTS for attending a conference provided you have a presentation (poster or presentation \u2013 it doesn\u2019t matter). This can be done 2-3 times throughout the whole doctoral program, thereby reducing the workload by 20-25%.<\/li>\n<li>You can take a course at another university, not EPFL, or attend a winter\/summer school. Submit <b>one (!)<\/b> the only document that will indicate the equivalent time spent in credits, and fill out a special form. Everything else is not required from the student; the remaining questions are resolved between the responsible parties.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<b>NB:<\/b> Often, participation in conferences and summer\/winter schools can be sponsored by EPFL itself. To do this, it is necessary to fill out a form and write a motivation letter from the scientific supervisor. The funds received can cover expenses such as travel, which is quite beneficial.<\/p>\n<p>Ultimately, upon completion of the doctoral program, all courses and conferences will be listed separately in the diploma supplement:<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Inside Perspective: Graduate Studies at EPFL. Part 3: From Admission to Defense\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/302e0d4c127f54992f4d0499097175fc.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Bureaucracy<\/h2>\n<p>\nFortunately, all bureaucracy is concealed within the system. This particularly pertains to standard questions and procedures such as filling out travel reports and more. Therefore, in about 95% of cases, employees do not face any paperwork and only need to enter their data into the system, receive a PDF file for printing, which they sign and send further up the chain \u2014 Swiss precision. Of course, this does not apply to 'special' cases when there is no standard instruction; here, things can stretch out for a long time, just like everywhere else, really.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Business Trips: Switzerland vs Russia<\/b>At EPFL, upon returning from a business trip, all receipts, tickets, etc. are collected and submitted. Naturally, the report is sent in paper form, but it is also duplicated and stored in the system. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/sesame.epfl.ch\/\">SESAME<\/a><\/noindex> in electronic form. Usually, the secretary enters all expenses into the system based on the submitted report, while checking all expenses, and then asks for a signature on one paper for expense reimbursement, which will be generated within the system. I believe that in a couple of years, everyone will have an electronic signature and the entire procedure will be fully electronic.<\/p>\n<p>Small expenses of 2-5-10 francs can be reported without receipts (just on good faith). Moreover, common sense always applies: if a person travels from A to B but loses their ticket, for instance, they will still be reimbursed. Or, for example, in London airports, the machine 'eats' the ticket upon exit, so a regular photo of the ticket works too. Lastly, if tickets and hotel bookings are made through a lab credit card (yes, such exists!) or through a special bureau, then no documents need to be provided for reporting; they are already linked to the trip code within SESAME.<\/p>\n<p>Now, how does it work in Russia? Once, I was invited to a lovely city beyond the Urals (not going to reveal all the details) to give a lecture on my scientific topic. By a happy coincidence, I was in Moscow at that moment, could jump on a plane with a small suitcase and reach my destination in a couple of hours. After the scientific seminar, I was asked to sign a 'contract for the provision of free services,' several statements, and I had to send the stub of my boarding pass for the return flight in an envelope.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">A visual comparison of the Russian and Swiss systems<\/b>A long time ago, I received a grant from the RFBR for a trip to a conference in Rhodes (I wrote about this <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/169099\/\">in the first part<\/a><\/noindex>), after which I was forced to translate all receipts into Russian.<\/p>\n<p>One of my colleagues in the risky business brought back receipts from a trip to Israel, where some amounts were in euros and others in shekels. All receipts, of course, were in Hebrew. However, for some reason, no one thought to force a translation from Hebrew; they simply took their word for which currency was which. Why steal from your own grants, right?!<\/p>\n<p>Yes, there is room for abuse, but usually, this is nipped in the bud when it comes to large sums, not the expenses of 200-300 euros at conferences.<\/p>\n<h2>Publication of articles and writing grants<\/h2>\n<p>\nAn important indicator of the effectiveness and 'coolness' of a scientist is their <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0\">Hirsch index (h-index)<\/a><\/noindex>. It shows how well the works of a particular author are cited, relating the number of articles to their 'quality' (the number of citations).<\/p>\n<p>In Russia, there is currently a struggle to improve the H-index of researchers and the quality of journals (in other words, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82-%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80\">impact factor<\/a><\/noindex> or IF, impact factor), where these works are published. The method is simple: let\u2019s pay a bonus for a good article. There can be much debate about this management decision; however, unfortunately, it does not solve two main problems: the underfunding of Russian science in general and the 'collective' of authors, which includes both those who were directly related to the work and those who were 'just sitting nearby.'<\/p>\n<p>Strangely enough, there are practically no bonuses for articles at EPFL. It is believed that a scientist will publish on their own if they want to achieve something, and if they don\u2019t want to, then they may as well leave. Of course, if the contract is permanent, it will be difficult to terminate due to a lack of publications, but usually by that time, a professor has accumulated teaching activities, various committees, and administrative work. For example, the position of dean is elected, and there is a term for holding this position of several years.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">My vision for solving this problem<\/b>All impact factors of journals are known and are available in the public domain. It is necessary to establish a clear conversion coefficient from IF to rubles, say, 10k for 1 unit of IF. Then publication in a relatively good journal like Nanoscale (IF=7.233) would cost 72.33k rubles for the team of authors. And for Nature\/Science, up to 500k rubles. It would be better to differentiate 5k for 1 unit of IF in major cities and federal research centers and 10k in newer (up to 5-7 years) and regional centers.<\/p>\n<p>Then such a bonus for publication should be paid not to each author, but to the entire team of authors, to avoid the desire to include unrelated individuals in the publication. That is, if it's a 'collective' of 10 people, each would receive 7k, while if it\u2019s 3-4 individuals who are actually involved in the project, it would be around 20-25k each. Scientists would have a transparent economic incentive to write for good journals, improve their English (for example, by ordering proofreading for articles), and not include 'consultants.'<\/p>\n<p><b>Total:<\/b> A research employee can earn at the level of a professor or even a director of an institute while pursuing their passion. There will be a range of opportunities: vertical (career ladder) or horizontal (more diverse projects and topics, more postgraduates and students, more earned money) development.<\/p>\n<p>Overall, there\u2019s nothing complicated about publishing an article if it is well-done and is expected to interest the audience. From my chemical experience, I can say that the first 3-4 articles in serious journals are quite difficult because certain factors were not considered during preparation (general style, presentation of important and unimportant results, a ready list of reviewers, including those with whom the aspects of the work were discussed at conferences and meetings, etc.). However, after that, they start to roll out like hotcakes from the oven. Especially if the topic is among the world's top, and a well-known and respected professor is listed last among the authors.<\/p>\n<p>This leads to the next dilemma: a globally renowned top professor (aka large corporations), where attention to their work has to be literally scraped together grain by grain, or a group leader with a large and ambitious project (aka a startup), where there is enormous impetus for development and experience in multitasking.<\/p>\n<p>Although for physicists and biologists, for example, obtaining results suitable for publication can take several years, thus 1-2 publications during a doctoral program are considered normal.<\/p>\n<p>However, I must disappoint the romantics of science: as everywhere, often the publication in a high-ranking journal does not depend on the quality of the work itself but rather on connections with the right people. Yes, that nepotism that they try to combat, but it's hard to change human nature. Even at EPFL, there\u2019s one elderly professor under whose name quite questionable works are sometimes published in good journals. But that\u2019s a larger topic for a separate article, where everything intertwines: PR, the desire of journals to profit, and the ambitions of authors.<\/p>\n<p>And, of course, a similar situation exists with grants. The first few applications may fail, but then grant writing becomes streamlined. Although formally PhD candidates are not required to engage with grants, they can still participate in the process.<br \/>\nI don't know what the situation is now with applications for the Russian Science Foundation (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rscf.ru\/\">RSF<\/a><\/noindex>), but seven years ago, a grant application in Russia required practically a stack of paper, just like the report. Applications and reports for the Swiss National Science Foundation (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.snf.ch\/en\/Pages\/default.aspx\">SNSF<\/a><\/noindex>) rarely exceed 30-40 pages. You need to write concisely to save resources and time for other participants in the process, the reviewers.<\/p>\n<p>There are no specific plans for articles, but overall, my professor used to say: \u201c<i>If you publish one article a year, I have no questions for you. If two, then that's excellent!<\/i>\u201d But that\u2019s chemistry; the comments about physicists and lyrical writers were mentioned above.<\/p>\n<p>And lastly, the publication of articles is slowly crawling towards open access (aka open access), where the author or the scientific foundation pays, instead of the traditional model where the reader pays. In the EU, a directive has been adopted that soon requires all research funded through ERC channels to be published exclusively in open access. This is the first trend, and the second trend is video articles, for instance, already existing for 3-4 years <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jove.com\/\">JoVE<\/a><\/noindex> \u2013 Journal of Visualized Experiments, not a successful blogger. This journal also helps to disseminate knowledge about scientific discoveries in a simple and understandable form.<\/p>\n<h2>SciComm and PR<\/h2>\n<p>\nAnd since the word PR was mentioned above, there is a simple rule in modern science: you must promote your research and achievements as much as possible \u2014 advertise them. Write articles for popular science portals, write review articles for scientific journals, prepare materials for Youtube, LinkedIn, Twitter, Facebook, and VK. Use social media to the fullest. Why is this necessary? The answer is simple: firstly, no one but the author of the original research can describe their ideas and results better, and secondly, it\u2019s a matter of transparency in science to taxpayers. This is highly valued in the West!<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Inside Perspective: Graduate Studies at EPFL. Part 3: From Admission to Defense\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/6ac52e496e4c02ee2dbf8b2fc4916dd1.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>More details can be found in the article <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/self-healing-liquid-gold-nanofilms-new-venues-from-optics-smirnov\/\">here<\/a><\/noindex>* <br \/>\n*LinkedIn is an organization banned in the territory of the Russian Federation<\/i><\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Scientific PR as it is<\/b>One great video from <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/nn503644v\">the first article ACSNano<\/a><\/noindex>:<br \/>\n<center><div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"IJC2K1O_22M\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/IJC2K1O_22M\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Play video\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n<p>The video of the most public defense at EPFL:<br \/>\n<center><div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"LzBcNTNmEpw\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/LzBcNTNmEpw\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Play video\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n<p>One of my Irish acquaintances almost wins ERC and national grants through Twitter because there is an account on Twitter, S&amp;T council, that keeps track of what is happening, where the so-called 'growth points' are.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Inside Perspective: Graduate Studies at EPFL. Part 3: From Admission to Defense\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/257055b0a977ab5513330bf274bde4f6.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/> <br \/>\n<i><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/M_D_Scanlon\">Twitter<\/a><\/noindex> the correct scholar, facing the public<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Moreover, various contests aimed at concise and effective narratives about science are gaining popularity now. For example, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britishcouncil.ch\/famelab\">FameLab<\/a><\/noindex>, organized by the British consulate, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mt180.ch\/accueil\/\">\"My thesis in 180 seconds\"<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/scienceslam.ru\/\">Science Slam<\/a><\/noindex> in Russia, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/projects\/dance-your-phd\">\"Dance your PhD\"<\/a><\/noindex>, held for the 11th time under the auspices of Science magazine (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/tuHLJVf0eFg\">in 2016, the winner was a Russian<\/a><\/noindex>, for example), and many others. For instance, one of the upcoming events will take place within the <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/solgel2019.itmo.ru\/\">XX Sol-Gel Conference<\/a><\/noindex>, where students can participate absolutely for free!<\/p>\n<p>In the same FameLab, they organize a mini-school on weekends for those who passed the preliminary selection, where they teach how to convey information, how to start and finish a story, essentially the same pitch. At one time, I participated in such a school, which was organized and held at CERN itself. It feels unusual to be on the surface of the most grand scientific structure and realize that somewhere below, protons are flying almost at the speed of light through a 27-kilometer tunnel. Impressive!<\/p>\n<p>For many people, science is a doorway to a new world! Often, brilliant scientists simply don\u2019t know how, feel shy, or are afraid to speak in front of an audience, but such contests allow them to break barriers and push themselves. For example, one acquaintance of mine, a biologist, after making it to the final stage of FameLab, became a science communication evangelist. I think this became quite a significant turning point in his career. See for yourself:<br \/>\n<center><div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"ilEHxRWDicQ\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/ilEHxRWDicQ\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Play video\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n<p>Or here is Radmila's presentation about uranium complexes from a competition \"My thesis in 180 seconds\" that took place just last week:<br \/>\n<center><div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"KTSZjkg9cfs\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/KTSZjkg9cfs\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Play video\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n<h2>About mentorship<\/h2>\n<p>\nNo matter how polite everyone is and shows respect for each other, conflicts often occur, and the interests of the supervisor (professor or group leader) diverge from the desires and aspirations of the employee (graduate student or postdoc). EPFL, as a conglomerate of tens of thousands of people, is also subject to these processes. To assist graduate students in their first few years at the university, a mandatory mentorship institute was introduced in 2013.<\/p>\n<p>What does mentorship aka guidance mean for a graduate student?<\/p>\n<p><b>Firstly<\/b>, scientific and technical expertise of the graduate student\u2019s ideas. In principle, the mentor should receive the same reports and research plans 1-2 times a year as the professor and the student's supervisor. <\/p>\n<p><b>Secondly<\/b>, a mentor acts as a mediator in disputes between the graduate student and the professor. If the professor rejects the graduate student's proposals and ideas for various reasons, then the mentor weighs all arguments from both sides and tries to resolve the conflict. <\/p>\n<p>It is worth mentioning that at EPFL, despite all efforts from the administration, there are abusive professors who squeeze the last drops from students and graduate students\u2014sometimes even scandals occur. In this case, the mentor can support the student and help them approach the administration of the respective school. This is an important aspect of education, as for many graduate students, transitioning to another laboratory or deciding to quit their studies can feel like a personal failure of planetary proportions, so they are often willing to endure almost anything to avoid it. However, at EPFL, there is no need to fear this, as there are numerous problem-solving avenues and staff, particularly the administrative personnel, are always ready to help because it directly impacts the university's reputation.<\/p>\n<p><b>Thirdly<\/b>, a mentor can assist with career advice and networking. The mentor can also provide tips and contacts for the future career of a PhD candidate.<\/p>\n<p>By the way, while preparing this article, I recorded a <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/msumentors.club\/\">video for the Mentors Club MSU<\/a><\/noindex> about what mentorship is like at EPFL. Anyone interested can reach out to me through this club. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/msumentors.club\/esmirnov\">here<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><center><div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"lV9AmrnKUA0\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/lV9AmrnKUA0\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Play video\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n<h2>Teaching Practice: Hell or Paradise?<\/h2>\n<p>\nEvery graduate student, upon signing a contract, commits to spending 20% of their working time on teaching (teaching assistance). This can involve conducting seminars with task reviews as well as working in the laboratory with students (practical sessions).<\/p>\n<p>Here, I can't speak for everyone; perhaps some find this practice enjoyable, but my experience has not been particularly positive. Of course, it depends on one's attitude: one can do it half-heartedly, or one can try to teach students something and connect different chemistry sections with guiding questions.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Inside Perspective: Graduate Studies at EPFL. Part 3: From Admission to Defense\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/d8a80b90ea3e207c39d9d5a629d2c67e.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>What teaching practice looks like within the ISA system<\/i><\/p>\n<p>For two years, I conducted a practical course on IR spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy (two semesters each). After teaching over 200 students, I can say that only about 10 percent approached the practicals with the necessary respect and interest, completing everything carefully and on time. Unfortunately, the proportion of native Swiss students among these \"wunderkinds\" is negligibly small.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Requiem for the Practical Course<\/b>The first practical on IR was very basic. Usually, the group would leave after an hour, sometimes 1.5 hours, instead of the allotted 3. It's simple: I explained the theory, demonstrated how to work with the device, and voila, the \"kids\" measured 5 samples (one minute or two for each) and went home to calculate, search for information, and prepare their reports. A week later, they brought in their reports, I checked them, and assigned grades. However, there were brilliant individuals who were too lazy to write and format their reports. Some were just too lazy to search for IR spectra of the most common polymers. They had seen and touched them (!), meaning it was impossible to miss since 4 out of 5 were PET, PVC, Teflon, and PE, with one sample being aspirin powder (yes, this one required some effort). There were those who couldn't answer fairly simple questions like, \"How do you polymerize a monomer?\" Once, around 5 people stood at the board, trying to recall the stages <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F\">of radical polymerization reactions<\/a><\/noindex>, which they had literally gone over in the previous semester, and they couldn\u2019t remember why chlorine is often used in that process...<\/p>\n<p>The other practical was on fluorescent spectroscopy: how much <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B\">quinone<\/a><\/noindex> is in Schweppes. A task in analytical chemistry to create a calibration curve and determine an unknown concentration. We did this in our school in 11th grade. By the way, bachelor's students perform this task poorly, they don't track the numbers, they don\u2019t know statistics, even though they had a practical course on analytical methods and statistical result processing \u2013 I checked. Some can't even prepare a weigh and standard solutions... in their 3rd year of bachelor\u2019s studies, yes. Should we be surprised that Swiss graduate students are becoming an endangered species?!<\/p>\n<p>And as a cherry on top, the unspoken rule: you can't score below 4 out of 6; otherwise, the student must retake the exam, which isn't needed by either the students or the teachers.<\/p>\n<p>Yes, one should never forget that not only does the teacher evaluate the student, but the student also grades the teacher at the end of each course. The sad part is that these student evaluations are taken too seriously \u2013 while it may not lead to the teacher's dismissal, it is quite possible to receive a teaching ban. A professor isn't quite a professor if they don't have 1-2 courses for students, meaning a replication of knowledge. When this system rewards teachers with perks, it's good, but when it becomes a means of revenge and settling scores, we end up with rules like \"no lower than 4 out of 6\" and inflated grades, along with simplistic questions during exams just to get by, which detracts from the quality of teaching.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">A Cautionary Tale About Students and Teachers<\/b>Once, a teacher had to substitute for another colleague for a while and lead a general chemistry lecture for first-year students at EPFL. The first lecture was chaotic, with students still trying to figure out where they were. The second lecture was similar. By the third one, he started delivering the material, but when the class became unruly, he turned and said (in French, meaning translated): \"<i>I am here substituting for another teacher. I came to teach leaders, because this is EPFL. I do not see any among you\u2026<\/i>Students immediately filed a complaint, causing an uproar, almost ruining his life and career. He barely managed to hold on and since then, he only leads practical sessions, which are safer.<\/p>\n<p>To be fair, it's worth noting that EPFL has a reward system, whereby the best teacher, as judged by students, can receive a bonus of 1000 CHF per semester.<br \/>\nHowever, all Swiss universities enforce a strict system: if you failed to pass on the first attempt to become a chemist and were expelled midway through your studies, you are barred from applying to that specialty in any university across the country, unless you leave for the EU.<\/p>\n<h2>Completion of Postgraduate Studies: Writing and Defending the Thesis<\/h2>\n<p>\nAnd after going through all the trials and tribulations, obtaining the required number of credits, and fulfilling the necessary hours working with students, one can think about defending their thesis.<\/p>\n<p>At EPFL, as in many European universities, there are two thesis defense schemes: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/phd.epfl.ch\/publishedarticles\">the shortened<\/a><\/noindex> and the regular one. If there are three or more published articles, one can take the shortened route. This means writing a brief overall introduction, attaching these articles, as each will be considered a separate chapter of the thesis, and writing a general conclusion. The workload is less than in the regular option, but there are also fewer perks. For example, shortened theses are not eligible for the <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/series\/8790\">Springer Nature Theses Prize<\/a><\/noindex>, nor for special awards from the relevant school for outstanding theses (usually, this is voted on by a committee during a closed defense).<\/p>\n<p>Accordingly, the time required for writing varies: the shortened version can be completed in one or two months, while the full version should be started at least 3-4 months before the defense, preferably six months in advance.<br \/>\nNext comes the defense process, which is divided into two stages: private defense and public defense. Additionally, 35 days before the private defense, it is necessary to upload the thesis text and <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/phd.epfl.ch\/thesisdeposit\/en\">pay the exam and diploma fee<\/a><\/noindex> of 1200 francs.<\/p>\n<p>The closed (private) defense is a kind of analogy to our pre-defense sessions at departments, where only committee members gather (professors from other Swiss universities and universities from other countries \u2013 at least 2 out of 3). They evaluate the quality, scientific significance, prepare tricky questions, and so on. Overall, the defense proceeds smoothly, with professors engaging with the future doctor as equals. It is not required to memorize any factual material or formulas; one can always refer to the page of the written thesis. As in a first-year exam, it is more about assessing the ability to think, reflect, and process new information when a conclusion has already been made.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Inside Perspective: Graduate Studies at EPFL. Part 3: From Admission to Defense\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/362d7394c14a7c4eaf52bcca1429ab79.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>A relaxed state after the defense, while outside it has already begun to get dark...<\/i><\/p>\n<p>The entire process is automated; the system will guide you on when to submit documents, whom to contact for assistance, and so on. Since 2018, all document circulation has been conducted electronically. Previously, it was necessary to print and deliver four bound copies of the thesis (one for each professor and one for the archive), but now all communication is conducted online, and theses are sent for review via email. Additionally, this allows for the mandatory plagiarism check that has been in effect since 2018.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">The Swiss customs amusements<\/b>A friend of mine sent his thesis by mail to a professor in neighboring France. Generally, upon receiving the work, a receipt is sent confirming that the correspondence has been delivered. However, one week passed, then another, and there was no response; the printed version of the thesis had not arrived in France. It turned out that the Swiss customs had detained the shipment, considering it a book, and since they did not find a customs duty payment on their records, it was held. So sending it via email seems somehow safer these days.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Inside Perspective: Graduate Studies at EPFL. Part 3: From Admission to Defense\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/9842f9c2e0ee086cf58fcfd6a4b556ef.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Sometimes such lengthy documents raise suspicion.<\/i><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Inside Perspective: Graduate Studies at EPFL. Part 3: From Admission to Defense\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/cd477987ad4ea7b9b8ea423afaedad10.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>The graduate student card within the ISA system contains almost all data, and all this information is stored, updated, and supplemented within this system.<\/i><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Inside Perspective: Graduate Studies at EPFL. Part 3: From Admission to Defense\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/96f1f101afd56166f75821432f35ec27.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>This is what a graduate student's life path looks like within ISA: Run, Forest, run!<\/i><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Inside Perspective: Graduate Studies at EPFL. Part 3: From Admission to Defense\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/45d0794964d81c82bd7c58df174343d3.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>So that in the end, you can put a big green check mark at the end.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>And so, all stages have been completed, the thesis has been written and corrected after questions and answers during the private defense. The candidate moves on to the public defense, where he must explain his research in the simplest possible terms since anyone, including people who are not staff members of EPFL, can attend. This ensures complete transparency in science and the spending of taxpayer money. Indeed, some people from 'the street' attend certain defenses.<\/p>\n<p>Only after the public defense (yes, it may seem like just a formality, but it is not) does the candidate receive the diploma and the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doctor_of_Philosophy\">Doctor of Philosophy<\/a><\/noindex>).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Inside Perspective: Graduate Studies at EPFL. Part 3: From Admission to Defense\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/0524def1f51b15afe5e22335aec6d1ea.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>It turns out that in the hustle and bustle, they completely forgot about the photographer...<\/i><\/p>\n<p>And the most enjoyable part of the public defense is a small, and sometimes quite a large, buffet, again for all attendees.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Inside Perspective: Graduate Studies at EPFL. Part 3: From Admission to Defense\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/79b0d92629ab75989ab5bea3ed8f6255.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Doctoral champagne... my...<\/i><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Inside Perspective: Graduate Studies at EPFL. Part 3: From Admission to Defense\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/b56027f2c114bac2277d526d2d36203d.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Which must be put to use immediately!<\/i><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Inside Perspective: Graduate Studies at EPFL. Part 3: From Admission to Defense\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/bcd117f62149910e6c5fb11c4b259807.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>And a photo for memory in an informal setting.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Yes, I almost forgot, EPFL has its own printing house where theses are printed. Depending on when the final version of the dissertation is submitted, the printed version appears in a beautiful cover just before the public defense or slightly later:<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Inside Perspective: Graduate Studies at EPFL. Part 3: From Admission to Defense\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/150e7486dc1a56f151ba3d0c8743f116.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>This is what a printed copy of the diploma looks like; you can take a couple of copies with you.<\/i><\/p>\n<h2>Degree recognition in the Russian Federation and apostilling<\/h2>\n<p>\nThe degree obtained at EPFL previously required confirmation in Russia; however, since 2016, this is no longer required, according to <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.consultant.ru\/document\/cons_doc_LAW_196469\/\">the order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 5, 2016, No. 582-p<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Now I know that I just need to certify the signature at EPFL and then get the apostille from the Lausanne administration (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vd.ch\/themes\/etat-droit-finances\/districts-prefectures\/competences-des-prefets-et-prefectures\/lausanne\/\">Prefecture de Lausanne<\/a><\/noindex>), which takes a couple of hours at most. Make a copy of the apostilled diploma and just take it for translation to any translation agency in Russia.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">A tale of how the Ministry of Education doesn't want to delve into your request<\/b>My original request:<br \/>\n<i><b>Subject:<\/b> Recognition of the PhD degree (EPFL) in Russia<br \/>\n<b>Text of the request:<\/b> Good day!<br \/>\nThere is a lot of information online about the recognition of a PhD degree obtained from a foreign university in Russia. Unfortunately, I have not found a detailed and simple instruction\/information on what to do and where to apply on the website, so I am writing this request.<\/p>\n<p>I received a PhD diploma in chemistry from the \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL) at the beginning of 2017. I would like to receive detailed instructions regarding diploma and degree confirmation, as well as approximate timelines for all necessary checks, although I believe the latter should go quickly (10+ publications in top, well-known journals); moreover, the dissertation itself is publicly available.<\/p>\n<p>In particular, I have the following questions:<br \/>\n1. Is it necessary to translate the diploma into Russian and apostille it, or is a notarized translation sufficient (for example, done in Russia, since the latest version of the law states \"notarized translation\")?<br \/>\n2. Is it necessary to provide a printed version of the dissertation?<br \/>\n3. Is it necessary to translate the dissertation?<br \/>\n4. In what form and where should the documents be submitted? Is there an option for electronic submission of documents (at least preliminary)?<br \/>\n5. If it is only paper submission, can I submit the documents in Moscow with a non-Moscow permanent registration?<br \/>\n6. Will a doctoral diploma be issued?<br \/>\n7. Is there mutual recognition of degrees between Russia and Switzerland?<br \/>\nThank you in advance for a detailed response!<br \/>\n \u2014 <br \/>\nSincerely,<br \/>\nXXX<\/i><\/p>\n<p>It seems that the situation has been described, what I want is indicated, and the questions are quite specific.<br \/>\nTo which I receive <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/yadi.sk\/i\/gg9xbvnCBnKO5A\">bureaucratic language<\/a><\/noindex> on 4 pages, from which nothing is clearly explained. What is the point of such a response? Where are all the options listed? Why can't there be a scheme or some script on the website that provides relevant information?<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Is there life after a PhD?<\/h2>\n<p>\nAt some point, every freshly minted PhD faces the question: is there life after a PhD? What to do next: stay in the academic environment or try to find a job in a private company?<\/p>\n<p>Below is a slightly simplified scheme of how I saw this situation.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Inside Perspective: Graduate Studies at EPFL. Part 3: From Admission to Defense\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/5d5474b6cee1709c77a7ae8ba7f3deee.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Possible career paths after obtaining a PhD<\/i><\/p>\n<p><b>Firstly<\/b>, there is always the option to return to Russia. Unfortunately, R&amp;D in Russia has practically disappeared (I\u2019m mostly talking about chemistry and physics), there are isolated pockets of resistance, such as startups developing tomography equipment, oil and gas chemical holdings that want to sell not only oil in barrels but also high-value products, launching small-scale production of chemical substances. But that\u2019s all. The academic environment remains, which has recently started to be bolstered with funds not only for purchasing equipment but also in terms of salaries. This includes <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.5top100.ru\/en\/\">the 5-100 program<\/a><\/noindex>, various programs aimed at international cooperation, the infamous Skoltech, and \"fat\" grants <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/rscf.ru\/\">RSF<\/a><\/noindex>, comprehensive <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pprgm.ru\/\">support programs for young scientists<\/a><\/noindex>. But the problem remains: after a quarter of a century of total neglect, the scientific community has lost so many talented young scientists that now filling the gaps will not be an easy task. At the same time, all reasonable initiatives are buried under a mass of bureaucracy and paperwork.<\/p>\n<p><b>Secondly<\/b>, from Switzerland, one can always move to neighboring EU countries, the USA, etc. The diploma is recognized, and the Swiss Science Foundation may still provide some funding under the program <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.snf.ch\/en\/funding\/careers\/early-postdoc-mobility\/Pages\/default.aspx\">Early Post-doc Mobility<\/a><\/noindex>Moreover, the salary will be somewhat higher than the national average in the country you plan to move to. In general, various mobility programs for young researchers are very popular in Europe and beyond, allowing them to gain truly international experience and different approaches, and to establish connections. The same program <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/research\/mariecurieactions\/\">Marie Curie fellowship<\/a><\/noindex> is specifically aimed at intensifying international collaboration. On the other hand, in four years, it\u2019s quite possible to build a network of contacts in the scientific community (working with some, having beers at conferences with others, etc.) who might invite you for a postdoc or researcher position.<\/p>\n<p>As for industrial positions, there are plenty in neighboring countries like France, Germany, Benelux, and so on. Major players such as BASF, ABB, L\u2019Oreal, Melexis, DuPont, and others are actively seeking talented individuals with degrees and helping them relocate and settle in a new country. The EU has a very straightforward and convenient system, with salaries exceeding ~\u20ac56k per year \u2013 here's your \u201c<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blue_Card_(European_Union)\">Blue Card<\/a><\/noindex>,\u201d just work and pay taxes.<\/p>\n<p><b>Thirdly<\/b>, you can try to stay in Switzerland itself. After obtaining the diploma, starting from the date it is issued, every student has six months to find a job within the country. There are pros and cons, nuances of their own, but that\u2019s for another time. Many companies do not want to deal with hiring foreign employees mainly due to visa issues, so securing a position in the industry for a PhD can be considered quite a success. However, if you learn one of the official languages (preferably German or French) to a conversational level of B1\/B2 and obtain an official certificate, your chances of employment increase, even if you do not say a word at work afterward. A moment of chauvinism and nationalism. Moreover, this certificate will be required to apply for a permanent permit.<\/p>\n<p>And, of course, one can stay in Switzerland, working in research centers and universities, as a postdoc salary generally allows for a comfortable living for a family. In this case, people might look sideways, as mobility is considered the norm, but it is quite possible to remain in one's group for a year to finish ongoing projects or to go on a year-long postdoc for an interesting project. It all depends on the specific situation and the desires of the employee.<\/p>\n<h2>In conclusion<\/h2>\n<p>\nThis concludes the discussion on graduate studies and education in Switzerland. In the next parts, I would like to cover everyday life, practical matters in this country, and highlight its pros and cons. Please leave any questions you have about this section (I will try to answer them as thoroughly as possible) as well as for the next part, as it will help me structure the material.<\/p>\n<p><b>PS:<\/b> I defended my dissertation on January 25, 2017, and stayed on as a postdoc in the same group. During this time, I completed and wrote several more papers, including a monograph (book) based on the dissertation results. In January 2019, I left to work at a startup focused on solar panel production.<\/p>\n<p><b>P.S.:<\/b> I would also like to note and thank those who helped with the writing of this article: Albert aka <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/users\/qbertych\/\" class=\"user_link\">qbertych<\/a><\/noindex>, Anya, Ivan, Misha, Kostya, Slava.<\/p>\n<p>And finally, as a bonus \u2014 two videos about EPFL... <\/p>\n<p><center><div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"0uZrbhSXGp0\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/0uZrbhSXGp0\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Play video\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center><br \/>\n... and one about the campus in Mount Sion, which deals with energy projects:<\/p>\n<p><center><div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"5VtuZ4oCnHs\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/5VtuZ4oCnHs\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Play video\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n<p>Don't forget to subscribe to <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/users\/tiberius\/topics\/\">blog<\/a><\/noindex>: It's not difficult for you \u2013 it's a pleasure for me! And yes, please message me about any errors you noticed in the text.<\/p>\n<p class=\"for_users_only_msg\">Only registered users can participate in the survey. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/auth\/login\/\">Please log in<\/a><\/noindex>, please.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"default-block__polling-title\">What should I dedicate the next part to?<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"content-list content-list_polling\">\n<li class=\"content-list__item content-list__item_polling\">\n<p>                    Everyday Life<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"content-list__item content-list__item_polling\">\n<p>                    Travel<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"content-list__item content-list__item_polling\">\n<p>                    Food Products<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"content-list__item content-list__item_polling\">\n<p>                    Housing (searching, characteristics and choosing a place to live)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"content-list__item content-list__item_polling\">\n<p>                    Job Search<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"content-list__item content-list__item_polling\">\n<p>                    Cities of Switzerland<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"content-list__item content-list__item_polling\">\n<p>                    I will write in the comments<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>    19 users voted. 8 users abstained.<br \/>\n<br \/>Source: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/443360\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>50-\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u044e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0435\u044e EPFL \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0412 30 \u043e\u043a\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f 2012 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0443 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0431\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446, \u0434\u043e \u0416\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b, \u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0444\u0438\u0438 (PhD) \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u044b, \u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0439. \u0410 31 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0440\u044f 2018 \u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0451\u043b \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0432 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u043a \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f. \u041f\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":26377,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35076","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - 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