{"id":35923,"date":"2019-10-31T22:07:36","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:07:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/net-predela-sovershenstvu-kak-nejrointerfejsy-pomogayut-chelovechestvu\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:07:36","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:07:36","slug":"net-predela-sovershenstvu-kak-nejrointerfejsy-pomogayut-chelovechestvu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/en\/blog\/news\/net-predela-sovershenstvu-kak-nejrointerfejsy-pomogayut-chelovechestvu","title":{"rendered":"There is no limit to perfection: how neurointerfaces help humanity","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"There
\nMore than 100 years ago, scientists were interested in the possibilities of the brain and tried to understand if it was possible to influence it in any way. In 1875, English doctor Richard Caton managed to register a weak electrical field on the surface of the brains of rabbits and monkeys. Since then, there have been many discoveries and studies, but it was not until 1950 that Yale University physiology professor Jos\u00e9 Manuel Rodr\u00edguez Delgado invented the 'Stimosiver' device, which could be implanted in the brain and controlled via radio signals.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nTraining was conducted on monkeys and cats. For instance, stimulating a specific area of the brain with an implanted electrode made a cat lift its hind leg. According to Delgado, the animal showed no signs of discomfort during such experiments.<\/p>\n

\"There
\n
\nThirteen years later, the scientist conducted a famous experiment<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 he implanted stimulators in the brain of a bull and controlled it with a portable transmitter.<\/p>\n

Thus began the era of neurointerfaces and technologies capable of enhancing human biological abilities. By 1972, a cochlear implant was released that converted sound into electrical signals, transmitted them to the brain, and effectively allowed people with severe hearing impairments to hear. In 1973, the term 'brain-computer interface' was officially used for the first time. In 1998, scientist Philip Kennedy implanted the first neurointerface in a patient \u2014 musician Johnny Ray. After a stroke, Johnny lost the ability to move. However, thanks to the implant, he learned to move the cursor just by imagining the movement of his hands.<\/p>\n

Following scientists, major corporations and startups picked up the idea of creating a neurointerface. Facebook and Elon Musk have already announced their intention to develop a system that will help control objects through thought. Some place hope in neurointerfaces \u2014 the technology will allow people with disabilities to restore lost functions and improve the rehabilitation of those who have suffered a stroke or traumatic brain injury. Others are skeptical of such developments, believing that their use poses legal and ethical problems.<\/p>\n

Nevertheless, there is a sufficient number of major players in the market. If we are to believe Wikipedia<\/a><\/noindex>, some developments have already been discontinued, but the others are quite popular and available.<\/p>\n

What is a neural interface and how can it be useful?<\/h2>\n

\n\"There
\nTypes of brain waves<\/i><\/p>\n

A neural interface is a system for exchanging information between the human brain and an electronic device. This technology allows a person to interact with the outside world based on the registration of electrical activity in the brain\u2014electroencephalography (EEG). A person's desire to perform an action is reflected in changes in EEG, which is then interpreted by a computer.
\nNeural interfaces can be unidirectional or bidirectional. The former either receive signals from the brain or send them, while the latter can send and receive signals simultaneously.
\nThere are several methods for measuring brain signals. They are divided into three types.<\/p>\n