{"id":36231,"date":"2019-10-31T22:10:23","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:10:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/free-as-in-freedom-na-russkom-glava-6-kommuna-emacs\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:10:23","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:10:23","slug":"free-as-in-freedom-na-russkom-glava-6-kommuna-emacs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/en\/blog\/news\/free-as-in-freedom-na-russkom-glava-6-kommuna-emacs","title":{"rendered":"Free as in Freedom in English: Chapter 6. Emacs Commune","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Free as in Freedom in English: Chapter 1. The Fateful Printer<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/noindex><\/noindex>
\n<\/p>\n

Free as in Freedom in English: Chapter 2. 2001: A Hacker Odyssey<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/noindex>
\n<\/p>\n

Free as in Freedom in English: Chapter 3. The Portrait of a Hacker in Youth<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/noindex>
\n<\/p>\n

Free as in Freedom in English: Chapter 4. Debunking the God<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/noindex>
\n<\/p>\n

Free as in Freedom in Russian: Chapter 5. Stream of Freedom<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/noindex><\/p>\n

Emacs Commune<\/h1>\n

The AI Laboratory in the 1970s was a unique place where everyone converged. Cutting-edge research took place here, and the strongest specialists worked, making the Laboratory a constant topic of conversation in the computer world. Its hacker culture and rebellious spirit created an aura of a sacred place around it. Only when many scientists and 'rock stars of programming' left the Laboratory did hackers feel the mythical and ephemeral nature of the world they lived in.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe Laboratory was like a paradise for us,\u201d recalls Stallman in an article Forbes<\/em> from 1998, \u201cno one even thought of isolating themselves from other employees instead of collaborating.\u201d<\/p>\n

Such mythological descriptions underscore an important fact: the 9th floor of Technosquare was for many hackers not only a workplace but also a home.<\/p>\n

The word \u201chome\u201d was used by Richard Stallman himself, and we know how precise and cautious he is with his statements. After going through a 'cold war' with his own parents, Richard still believes that until he reached Currier House, his Harvard dormitory, he simply did not have a home. According to him, during his Harvard years, he was only plagued by one fear - being expelled. I expressed doubt that a brilliant student like Stallman could have faced such a risk. But Richard reminded me of his characteristic issues with discipline.<\/p>\n

\u201cDiscipline is highly valued at Harvard, and if you skip classes, you will be asked to leave quickly,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

After graduating from Harvard, Stallman lost his residency rights, and he never had the desire to return to his parents in New York. So, he followed the path forged by Greenblatt, Gosper, Sussman, and many other hackers - he entered MIT graduate school, rented a nearby room in Cambridge, and spent most of his time in the AI Laboratory. In his 1986 speech, Richard described this period as follows:<\/p>\n

\n

Perhaps I have more reasons than others to say that I lived in the Lab, because every year or two, for various reasons, I found myself without shelter, and in total I lived in the Lab for several months. I always felt very comfortable there, especially in the hot summer, because it was cool inside. However, it was quite common for people to stay overnight in the Lab, driven at least by the frenetic enthusiasm that possessed all of us at the time. Hackers sometimes simply couldn't stop and worked at the computer until they were completely exhausted, after which they would crawl onto the nearest soft horizontal surface. In short, it was a very relaxed, homely atmosphere.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

However, this homey atmosphere often created problems. What some considered a home, others saw as a den of electronic opium. In the book \u201cThe Computer\u2019s Power and Human Motivation,\u201d MIT researcher Joseph Weizenbaum sharply criticized the \u2018computer explosion\u2019 \u2013 as he called the invasion of hackers into computer centers like the AI Laboratory. \u2018Their wrinkled clothes, unwashed hair, and unshaven faces show that they are completely neglecting themselves for the sake of computers and do not want to see where this may lead them,\u2019 Weizenbaum wrote, \u2018these computer addicts live only for computers.\u2019<\/p>\n

Almost a quarter of a century later, Stallman still loses his temper when he hears Weizenbaum\u2019s expression: \u2018computer addicts.\u2019 \u2018He wants us all to be nothing more than professionals \u2014 doing work for money, getting up and leaving at a designated time, forgetting everything related to it,\u2019 Stallman says so passionately as if Weizenbaum is right beside him and can hear him, \u2018but what he considers the normal order of things, I see as a depressing tragedy.\u2019<\/p>\n

However, a hacker's life is not without tragedy. Richard himself claims that his transformation from a weekend hacker to a 24\/7 hacker is the result of a series of painful episodes in his youth, from which he could only escape in the euphoria of hacking. The first such pain was graduating from Harvard, which sharply altered his accustomed, calm way of life. Stallman entered MIT\u2019s graduate program in physics to follow in the footsteps of greats like Richard Feynman, William Shockley, and Murray Gell-Mann, so he wouldn\u2019t have to travel an extra two miles to the AI Laboratory and the brand new PDP-10. \u2018I still devoted almost all my attention to programming, but I thought maybe I could also study physics on the side,\u2019 Stallman recounts.<\/p>\n

Studying physics by day and hacking by night, Richard tried to achieve the perfect balance. The anchor for these geeky swings were the weekly folk dance club meetings. This was his only social connection with the opposite sex and the world of ordinary people. However, towards the end of his first year at MIT, disaster struck\u2014Richard injured his knee and couldn't dance. He thought it was temporary and continued going to the club, listening to music, chatting with friends. But summer ended, his knee still hurt, and his leg didn't work well. That's when Stallman suspected something was wrong and became worried. \u201cI realized that it wasn\u2019t going to get better,\u201d he recalls, \u201cand that I would never be able to dance again. It just killed me.\u201d<\/p>\n

Without Harvard's dormitory and without dancing, Stallman's social universe collapsed instantly. Dancing was the only thing that not only connected him with people but also provided a real opportunity to meet women. No dancing means no dates, and this upset Richard deeply.<\/p>\n

\u201cMost of the time I was completely depressed,\u201d Richard describes this period, \u201cI couldn't and didn't want to do anything but hack. It was total despair.\u201d<\/p>\n

He almost stopped interacting with the world, completely immersing himself in work. By October 1975, he had effectively given up on physics and his studies at MIT. Programming had transformed from a hobby into the main and sole focus of his entire life.<\/p>\n

Now Richard says it was inevitable. Sooner or later, the call of hacking would have outweighed all other attractions. \u201cIn math and physics, I couldn't create anything of my own; I didn\u2019t even know how to do that. I only combined what had already been created, and that didn't satisfy me. But in programming, I immediately understood how to create new things, and most importantly\u2014you see right away that they work and that they're useful. It brings immense pleasure, and you want to program again and again.\u201d<\/p>\n

Stallman is not the first to associate hacking with intense pleasure. Many hackers in the AI Lab can also boast of abandoned studies and unearned degrees in mathematics or electrical engineering \u2013 simply because they drowned all academic ambitions in pure programming ecstasy. It is said that Thomas Aquinas, through his fanatical engagement in scholasticism, drove himself to visions and sensations of God. Hackers reached similar states on the brink of otherworldly euphoria after hours of concentration on virtual processes. Perhaps that's why Stallman and most hackers avoided drugs \u2013 after twenty hours of hacking, they felt as if they were 'high.'<\/p>\n

Source: linux.org.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Free as in Freedom \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c: \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430 1. \u0420\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440 Free as in Freedom \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c: \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430 2. 2001: \u0425\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0434\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0435\u044f Free as in Freedom \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c: \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430 3. \u041f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u0445\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u044e\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 Free as in Freedom \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c: \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430 4. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0447\u0430\u0439 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u0430 Free as in Freedom \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c: \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430 5. \u0420\u0443\u0447\u0435\u0451\u043a \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u044b \u041a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0430 Emacs […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36231","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Free as in Freedom in Russian: Chapter 6. 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