{"id":36873,"date":"2019-10-31T22:14:26","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:14:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/server-dvuhfaktornoj-avtorizatsii-linotp\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:14:26","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:14:26","slug":"server-dvuhfaktornoj-avtorizatsii-linotp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/en\/blog\/administrirovanie\/server-dvuhfaktornoj-avtorizatsii-linotp","title":{"rendered":"LinOTP two-factor authorization server","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"LinOTP two-factor authorization server\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/8164a72d86173d429e3aaf4efdfee77c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nToday I want to share how to set up a two-factor authentication server to protect the corporate network, websites, services, and SSH. The setup will include: LinOTP + FreeRadius. <\/p>\n<p>Why do we need it? <br \/>\nIt is a completely free, convenient solution within your network, independent of third-party providers.<\/p>\n<p>This service is quite convenient, very visual compared to other open-source products, and supports a vast array of functions and policies (For example, login + password + (PIN + OTPToken)). It integrates via API with SMS sending services (LinOTP Config-&gt;Provider Config-&gt;SMS Provider), generates codes for mobile apps like Google Authenticator, and much more. I find it more convenient than the service discussed in <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/308988\/\">article<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>This server works excellently with Cisco ASA, OpenVPN servers, Apache2, and basically anything that supports authentication through a RADIUS server (e.g., for SSH in data centers).<\/p>\n<p>Required:<\/p>\n<p>1) Debian 8 (Jessie) \u2014<b> Absolutely!<\/b> (the trial installation on Debian 9 is described at the end of the article)<\/p>\n<p>Beginning:<\/p>\n<p>We install Debian 8.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nAdd the LinOTP repository:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># echo 'deb http:\/\/www.linotp.org\/apt\/debian jessie linotp' &gt; \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/linotp.list<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nAdd the keys:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># gpg --search-keys 913DFF12F86258E5<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nSometimes, during a 'clean' installation, after executing this command, Debian outputs: <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">gpg: created directory `\/root\/.gnupg'\ngpg: created new configuration file `\/root\/.gnupg\/gpg.conf'\ngpg: WARNING: options in `\/root\/.gnupg\/gpg.conf' are not yet active this run\ngpg: created keyring `\/root\/.gnupg\/secring.gpg'\ngpg: created keyring `\/root\/.gnupg\/pubring.gpg'\ngpg: no keyservers are configured (use --keyserver)\ngpg: keyserver search failed: bad URI\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nThis is the initial setup of gnupg. Nothing to worry about. Just execute the command again.<br \/>\nTo Debian's question:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">gpg: searching '913DFF12F86258E5' at hkp server keys.gnupg.net\n(1)\tLSE LinOTP2 Packaging \n\t  2048 bit RSA key F86258E5, created: 2010-05-10\nKeys 1-1 of 1 for '913DFF12F86258E5'. Enter numbers, N) Next or Q) Quit&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nWe reply: 1<\/p>\n<p>Next: <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># gpg --export 913DFF12F86258E5 | apt-key add -<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># apt-get update<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nWe install MySQL. In theory, another SQL server can be used, but for simplicity, I will use it as recommended for LinOTP.<\/p>\n<p>(additional information, including reconfiguring the LinOTP database, can be found in the official documentation for <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/linotp.org\/doc\/latest\/part-installation\/server-installation\/deb_install.html#debian\">this link<\/a><\/noindex>. There, you can find the command: dpkg-reconfigure linotp to change parameters if you have already installed MySQL).<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># apt-get install mysql-server<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># apt-get update<\/code><\/pre>\n<p> (double-checking for updates won't hurt)<br \/>\nWe install LinOTP and additional modules:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># apt-get install linotp<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nWe answer the installer\u2019s questions: <br \/>\nUse Apache2: yes<br \/>\nCreate a password for the admin LinOTP: 'YourPassword'<br \/>\nGenerate a self-signed certificate?: yes<br \/>\nUse MySQL?: yes<br \/>\nWhere is the database located: localhost<br \/>\nCreating the LinOTP database (database name) on the server: LinOTP2<br \/>\nCreating a separate user for the database: LinOTP2<br \/>\nSet a password for the user: \"YourPassword\"<br \/>\nShould we create the database now? (something like 'Are you sure you want to \u2026'): yes<br \/>\nEnter the root password for MySQL that you created during installation: \"YourPassword\"<br \/>\nDone.<\/p>\n<p>(optional, can also skip)<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># apt-get install linotp-adminclient-cli <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n(optional, can also skip)<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># apt-get install libpam-linotp  <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nAnd so, our Linotp web interface is now available at the address: <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">&quot;&lt;b&gt;https&lt;\\\/b&gt;: \\\/\\\/IP_server\\\/manage&quot;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nI will tell you about the settings in the web interface a bit later.<\/p>\n<p>Now, the most important thing! We need to start FreeRadius and link it with Linotp.<\/p>\n<p>Installing FreeRadius and the LinOTP working module<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># apt-get install freeradius linotp-freeradius-perl<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nBacking up the client and Users configurations of the radius.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># mv \/etc\/freeradius\/clients.conf  \/etc\/freeradius\/clients.old<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># mv \/etc\/freeradius\/users  \/etc\/freeradius\/users.old<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nCreating an empty client file:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># touch \/etc\/freeradius\/clients.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nEditing our new config file (the backed-up config can be used as an example)<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># nano \/etc\/freeradius\/clients.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">client 192.168.188.0\/24 {\nsecret  = passwd # password for client connections\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nNext, create the users file:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># touch \/etc\/freeradius\/users<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nEditing the file to tell the radius that we will use Perl for authentication.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># nano \/etc\/freeradius\/users<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">DEFAULT Auth-type := perl<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nNext, edit the file \/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/perl<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># nano \/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/perl<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nWe need to specify the path to the linotp Perl script in the module parameter: <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">Perl { .......\n.........\nmodule = \/usr\/lib\/linotp\/radius_linotp.pm<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n\u2026\u2026<br \/>\nNext, we create a file in which we specify where to get the data from (domain, database, or file).<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># touch \/etc\/linotp2\/rlm_perl.ini<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># nano \/etc\/linotp2\/rlm_perl.ini<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">URL=https:\/\/IP_of_your_LinOTP_server(192.168.X.X)\/validate\/simplecheck\nREALM=webusers1c\nRESCONF=LocalUser\nDebug=True\nSSL_CHECK=False<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nHere, I will stop for a moment, as this is important:<\/p>\n<p>Full description of the file with comments:<br \/>\n#IP of the linotp server (IP \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e LinOTP \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430)<br \/>\nURL=https:\/\/172.17.14.103\/validate\/simplecheck<br \/>\n#\u041d\u0430\u0448\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043c\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0431 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0435 LinOTP.)<br \/>\nREALM=rearm1<br \/>\n#\u0418\u043c\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u044e\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0431\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0435 LinOTP.<br \/>\nRESCONF=flat_file<br \/>\n#optional: comment out if everything seems to work fine<br \/>\nDebug=True<br \/>\n#optional: use this, if you have selfsigned certificates, otherwise comment out (SSL \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442 \u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c)<br \/>\nSSL_CHECK=False<\/p>\n<p>Next, we will create the file \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-available\/linotp<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># touch \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-available\/linotp<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># nano \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-available\/linotp<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nAnd copy the config into it (no edits needed):<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">authorize {\n#normalizes malformed client request before handed on to other modules (see '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/preprocess')\npreprocess\n#  If you are using multiple kinds of realms, you probably\n#  want to set \"ignore_null = yes\" for all of them.\n#  Otherwise, when the first style of realm doesn't match,\n#  the other styles won't be checked.\n#allows a list of realm (see '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/realm')\nIPASS\n#understands something like USER@REALM and can tell the components apart (see '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/realm')\nsuffix\n#understands USERREALM and can tell the components apart (see '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/realm')\nntdomain\n#  Read the 'users' file to learn about special configuration which should be applied for\n# certain users (see '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/files')\nfiles\n# allows to let authentication to expire (see '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/expiration')\nexpiration\n# allows to define valid service-times (see '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/logintime')\nlogintime\n# We got no radius_shortname_map!\npap\n}\n#here the linotp perl module is called for further processing\nauthenticate {\nperl\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nNext, we will create a symlink:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># ln -s ..\/sites-available\/linotp \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-enabled<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nPersonally, I eliminate default Radius sites, but if you need them, you can either edit their config or disable it.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># rm \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-enabled\/default<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># rm \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-enabled\/inner-tunnel<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># service freeradius reload<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nNow let's return to the web interface and examine it in more detail:<br \/>\nIn the upper right corner, click LinOTP Config -&gt; UserIdResolvers -&gt; New<br \/>\nChoose what we want: LDAP (AD win, LDAP samba), SQL, or local system users Flatfile. <\/p>\n<p>Fill in the required fields.<\/p>\n<p>Next, let's create REALMS:<br \/>\nIn the upper right corner, click LinOTP Config -&gt; Realms -&gt; New. <br \/>\nand give our REALM a name, and also click on the previously created UserIdResolvers.<\/p>\n<p>All this data is needed by freeRadius in the file \/etc\/linotp2\/rlm_perl.ini, as I mentioned above, so if you haven't edited it yet, please do so now.<\/p>\n<p>All servers are configured.<\/p>\n<p>The vulnerability is confirmed in many official Docker images, including images for Couchbase, Elasticsearch, Flink, Solr, Storm, etc.<\/p>\n<p><b>Setting up LinOTP on Debian 9<\/b>:<\/p>\n<p>Installation: <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># echo 'deb http:\/\/linotp.org\/apt\/debian stretch linotp' &gt; \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/linotp.list <\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># apt-get install dirmngr<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># apt-key adv --recv-keys 913DFF12F86258E5\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># apt-get update<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># apt-get install mysql-server<\/code><\/pre>\n<p> (by default, in Debian 9 mysql (mariaDB) does not offer to set a root password; of course, you can leave it empty, but if you've been reading the news, this often leads to 'epic fails', so we will set it after all)<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># mysql -u root -p<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">use mysql;<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">UPDATE user SET Password = PASSWORD('your_password_here') WHERE User = 'root';\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">sigreturn<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># apt-get install linotp<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># apt-get install linotp-adminclient-cli<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># apt-get install python-ldap<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># apt install freeradius<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># nano \/etc\/freeradius\/3.0\/sites-enabled\/linotp<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Insert the code (sent by JuriM, thanks to him!):<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>server linotp {<br \/>\nlisten {<br \/>\n ipaddr = *<br \/>\n port = 1812<br \/>\n type = auth<br \/>\n}<br \/>\nlisten {<br \/>\n ipaddr = *<br \/>\n port = 1813<br \/>\n type = acct<br \/>\n}<br \/>\nauthorize { <br \/>\n preprocess<br \/>\n update { <br \/>\n &amp;control:Auth-Type := Perl<br \/>\n } <br \/>\n} <br \/>\nauthenticate {<br \/>\n Auth-Type Perl {<br \/>\n perl<br \/>\n }<br \/>\n}<br \/>\naccounting {<br \/>\n unix<br \/>\n}<br \/>\n}<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Edit \/etc\/freeradius\/3.0\/mods-enabled\/perl<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>perl {<br \/>\n filename = \/usr\/share\/linotp\/radius_linotp.pm<br \/>\n func_authenticate = authenticate<br \/>\n func_authorize = authorize<br \/>\n}<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Unfortunately, in Debian 9, the radius_linotp.pm library is not available from the repositories, so we will take it from GitHub.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># apt install git<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># git clone https:\/\/github.com\/LinOTP\/linotp-auth-freeradius-perl<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># cd linotp-auth-freeradius-perl\/<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># cp radius_linotp.pm \/usr\/share\/linotp\/radius_linotp.pm<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Now let's edit \/etc\/freeradius\/3.0\/clients.conf <\/p>\n<blockquote><p>client servers {<br \/>\n ipaddr = 192.168.188.0\/24<br \/>\n secret = your_password<br \/>\n}<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Now let's edit nano \/etc\/linotp2\/rlm_perl.ini<\/p>\n<p>Insert the same code as when installing on Debian 8 (described above)<\/p>\n<p>In theory, that should be all. (not tested yet)<\/p>\n<p>I will leave a few links below for setting up systems that often require two-factor authentication: <br \/>\nSetting up two-factor authentication in <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/itsecforu.ru\/2017\/07\/28\/%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C-apache2-%D1%81-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%89%D1%8C%D1%8E-linotp\/\">Apache2<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/308988\/\">Configuration with Cisco ASA<\/a><\/noindex>(another token generation server is used there, but the ASA settings are the same).<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/panda\/blog\/337800\/\">VPN with two-factor authentication<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Settings <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/270571\/\">two-factor authentication in ssh<\/a><\/noindex> (LinOTP is also used there) \u2014 thanks to the author. You can also find interesting things about LiOTP policy settings.<\/p>\n<p>Many website CMS also support two-factor authentication (LinOTP even has a special module for WordPress on <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/LinOTP\/linotp-auth-wordpress\">github<\/a><\/noindex>), for example, if you want to create a secure section for company employees on your corporate site.<br \/>\nIMPORTANT FACT! Do not check the 'Google authenticator' option for using Google Authenticator! The QR code will not be readable then\u2026 (strange fact)<\/p>\n<p>The article was based on information from the following articles:<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/itnan.ru\/post.php?c=1&amp;p=270571\">itnan.ru\/post.php?c=1&amp;p=270571<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.digitalbears.net\/?p=469\">www.digitalbears.net\/?p=469<\/a><\/noindex> <\/p>\n<p>Thank you to the authors.<br \/>\n<br \/>Source: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/462523\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u044f \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445\u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438, \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432,ssh. \u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0430: LinOTP + FreeRadius. \u0417\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0430\u043c? \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435, \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438, \u043d\u0435 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[&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":27627,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36873","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u044f \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" 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