{"id":37817,"date":"2019-10-31T22:19:57","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:19:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/samaya-slozhnaya-programma\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:19:57","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:19:57","slug":"samaya-slozhnaya-programma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/en\/blog\/news\/samaya-slozhnaya-programma","title":{"rendered":"The most complex program.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

From the translator: I found a question on Quora: What program or code can be considered the most complex ever written? One of the responses was so good that it deserves an article. <\/i><\/p>\n

Buckle up.<\/p>\n

The most complex program in history was written by a team of people whose names are unknown to us.<\/p>\n

This program is a computer worm. The worm was apparently written between 2005 and 2010. Since this worm is so complex, I can only provide a general description of what it does.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nAt first, the worm appears on a USB drive. Someone might find the drive lying on the ground, receive it by mail, and become curious about its contents. Once the drive is inserted into a Windows PC, unbeknownst to the user, the worm automatically launches itself and copies onto that computer. There were at least three ways in which it could initiate itself. If one method didn\u2019t work, it tried another. At least two of these launch methods were completely new and both exploited two independent, secret vulnerabilities in Windows that no one knew about until this worm appeared.<\/p>\n

Once the worm starts on the computer, it attempts to gain administrator rights. It is not too concerned about the installed antivirus software\u2014it can ignore most such programs. Then, depending on the version of Windows it is running on, the worm will attempt one of two previously unknown methods of obtaining administrator rights on the computer. Like before, until the emergence of this worm, no one was aware of these hidden vulnerabilities.<\/p>\n

After that, the worm is capable of hiding traces of its presence deep within the OS, so that no antivirus program can detect it. It hides so well that even if you search on the disk in the location where this worm should be, you will see nothing. This worm hid so well that it managed to move across the Internet for a year without any security-related company even acknowledging the fact of its existence.<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Then the worm checks if it can connect to the Internet. If it can, it attempts to visit the websites www.mypremierfutbol.com<\/a><\/noindex> or www.todaysfutbol.com<\/a><\/noindex>. At that time, these servers were in Malaysia and Denmark. It opens an encrypted communication channel and informs these servers that a new computer has been successfully compromised. Why does the worm automatically update itself to the latest version?<\/p>\n

After this, the worm copies itself to any other USB device that you happened to plug in. It does this by installing a carefully crafted fake disk driver. This driver contained a digital signature from Realtek. This means the worm's authors somehow managed to breach the most secure area of a major Taiwanese company and steal the company's most secret key without the company even realizing it.<\/p>\n

Later, the authors of this driver began signing it with a secret key from JMicron, another large Taiwanese company. Again, the authors were able to penetrate the most secure area of this <\/b>the company and steal its most secret key without them ever knowing. this <\/b>The worm we're discussing<\/p>\n

is very complex . And we haven't even<\/b>begun yet. After that, the worm starts exploiting two recently discovered bugs in Windows. One bug relates to network printers, while the other concerns network files. The worm uses these bugs to install itself over the local network onto all other computers in the office.<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Then, the worm begins to look for specific software developed by Siemens for automating large industrial machines. Once it finds it, it (as you already guessed) uses another previously unknown bug to copy itself into the programmable logic controller. Once the worm has settled in this computer, it remains there permanently. No amount of replacements or 'disinfections' of the computer can eliminate it.<\/p>\n

The worm searches for attached industrial electric motors from two specific companies. One of these companies is in Iran, and the other is in Finland. The motors it is looking for are called 'frequency-controlled drives'. They are used to manage industrial centrifuges. Centrifuges can be used to purify various chemical elements.<\/p>\n

For example, uranium.<\/p>\n

For example, uranium. <\/p>\n

Now that the worm has taken complete control of the centrifuges, it can do whatever it wants with them. It can turn them all off. It can immediately destroy them all \u2014 just spin them at maximum speed until they explode like bombs, killing anyone who happens to be nearby.<\/p>\n

But no. This is a complex <\/b>worm. And the worm has other plans.<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Once it has taken control of all the centrifuges in your plant\u2026 the worm simply goes dormant.<\/p>\n

Days pass. Or weeks. Or seconds.<\/p>\n

When the worm decides it's time, it wakes up quickly. It randomly selects a few centrifuges while they are cleaning uranium. The worm blocks them in such a way that if someone notices something odd, they won't be able to shut down these centrifuges.<\/p>\n

And then, slowly, the worm begins to spin these centrifuges\u2026 just a little wrong.<\/b>Not by much. Just, you know, a tad <\/b>too fast. Or a tiny bit <\/b>too slow. Just a little <\/b>beyond safe parameters. <\/p>\n

At the same time, it increases the gas pressure in these centrifuges. This gas is called UF6. A very harmful substance. The worm adjusts the pressure of this gas a tad <\/b>beyond safe values. Just enough that when the gas enters the centrifuges while operating, there is a slight chance that it will turn into rocks.<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Centrifuges do not like to operate too fast or too slow. And they don\u2019t like rocks either.<\/p>\n

But the worm has one last trick. And it\u2019s brilliant.<\/p>\n

In addition to all its actions, the worm starts playing back the data recording from the last 21 seconds of operation, which it recorded when the centrifuges were functioning normally.
\nThe worm plays the recording over and over, in a loop.<\/p>\n

As a result, the data from all the centrifuges appears completely normal to the operators. But those were just false records created by the worm.<\/p>\n

Now imagine that you are responsible for uranium enrichment using this large industrial plant. Everything seems to be working well. The engines might sound a little odd, but the numbers on the computer show that the centrifuge motors are operating as they should.<\/p>\n

Then the centrifuges start breaking down. One by one, in a random order. Usually, they fail quietly. However, in some cases, they put on a real show.<\/b>. Uranium production starts to decline sharply. Uranium must be clean<\/b>. Your uranium is not clean enough to do anything useful with. <\/p>\n

What would you do if you were in charge of this uranium enrichment plant? You would check everything again and again and again, not understanding what the problem is. You might decide to replace all the computers in the plant.<\/p>\n

But the centrifuges would still fail. And you wouldn't even have the opportunity to find out why.<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Over time, under your supervision, about 1000 centrifuges break down or shut down. You would go crazy trying to figure out why everything isn't working as planned.<\/p>\n

And that\u2019s exactly what happened.<\/b><\/p>\n

You would never expect that all these problems were created by a computer worm, the most cunning and intelligent computer worm in history, written by an incredibly secretive team with unlimited money and time. The worm was designed with just one goal: to bypass all known digital defenses and destroy your country's nuclear program without getting caught.<\/b>
\nCreating a program that could do ONE of these things is already a small miracle. Creating a program that can do ALL of this and much more\u2026<\/p>\n

\u2026 for that the Stuxnet worm<\/a><\/noindex> had to become the most complex program ever written.
\n
Source: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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