{"id":38636,"date":"2019-10-31T22:24:58","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:24:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/reliz-subd-postgresql-12\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:24:58","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:24:58","slug":"reliz-subd-postgresql-12","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/en\/blog\/news\/reliz-subd-postgresql-12","title":{"rendered":"Release of the PostgreSQL 12 DBMS","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>After a year of development <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/about\/news\/1976\/\">published<\/a><\/noindex> new stable branch of the PostgreSQL 12 DBMS. Updates for the new branch <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/support\/versioning\/\">will be released<\/a><\/noindex> for five years until November 2024. <\/p>\n<p>Key <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/12\/static\/release-12.html\">innovations<\/a><\/noindex>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Support for \u201c<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/12\/ddl-generated-columns.html\">generated columns<\/a><\/noindex>, the values of which are computed based on an expression covering values from other columns in the same table (similar to views, but for individual columns). Generated columns can be of two types \u2014 stored and virtual. In the first case, the value is computed at the time of data insertion or modification, while in the second case \u2014 at each read based on the current state of other columns. Currently, only stored generated columns are supported in PostgreSQL;\n<li class=\"l\"> The ability to execute data queries from JSON documents using <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/12\/functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-SQLJSON-PATH\">Path expressions<\/a><\/noindex>, resembling <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/XPath\">XPath<\/a><\/noindex> and defined in the SQL\/JSON standard. To enhance the efficiency of processing such expressions for documents stored in JSONB format, existing indexing mechanisms are utilized;\n<li class=\"l\"> JIT compilation (Just-in-Time) based on LLVM advancements is enabled by default to speed up the execution of certain expressions during SQL query processing. For example, JIT can be applied to accelerate the execution of expressions within \u2018WHERE\u2019 clauses, in target lists, aggregate expressions, and some internal operations;\n<li class=\"l\"> Significantly improved indexing performance. B-tree indexes are optimized for environments with frequent index changes \u2014 testing with TPC-C shows an overall performance increase and an average 40% reduction in disk space consumption. Overhead for generating the Write Ahead Log (WAL) for GiST, GIN, and SP-GiST index types has been reduced. For GiST, the ability to create covering indexes (via the INCLUDE expression) that include additional columns has been added. In operation <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/12\/sql-createstatistics.html\">CREATE STATISTICS<\/a><\/noindex> support for statistics on most common values (MCV) has been implemented, allowing for the generation of more optimal query plans when using unevenly distributed columns;\n<li class=\"l\"> The implementation of partitioning has been optimized for queries covering tables with thousands of partitions, while limiting the selection to a constrained subset of data. Performance for inserting data into partitioned tables using INSERT and COPY operations has been increased, and the ability to add new partitions through \u2018ALTER TABLE ATTACH PARTITION\u2019 without blocking the execution of queries has been provided;\n<li class=\"l\"> Support for automatic inline expansion of Common Table Expressions (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/12\/queries-with.html\">Common Table Expression<\/a><\/noindex>, CTE) has been added, allowing the use of temporary named result sets defined using the WITH operator. Inline expansion can enhance the performance of most queries, but is currently only applicable for non-recursive CTEs;\n<li class=\"l\"> Support added <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/12\/collation.html#COLLATION-NONDETERMINISTIC\">non-deterministic<\/a><\/noindex> locale properties \u2018Collation\u2019, which allow specifying sorting rules and comparison methods considering the meaning of characters (for example, when sorting numeric values, the presence of minus and decimal points before numbers and different forms of notation are taken into account, while case sensitivity and the presence of accent marks are ignored in comparisons);\n<li class=\"l\"> Support for multi-factor client authentication has been added, allowing the combination of SSL certificate authentication (clientcert=verify-full) with an additional authentication method such as scram-sha-256 in pg_hba.conf;\n<li class=\"l\"> Support for encrypting the communication channel during authentication via <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/12\/gssapi-auth.html\">GSSAPI<\/a><\/noindex>, both on the client side and the server side, has been added;\n<li class=\"l\"> Support for defining LDAP servers based on \u2018DNS SRV\u2019 records has been added if PostgreSQL is built with OpenLDAP;\n<li class=\"l\"> An operation \u2018<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/12\/sql-reindex.html#SQL-REINDEX-CONCURRENTLY\">REINDEX CONCURRENTLY<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb for rebuilding indexes without blocking write operations to the index;\n<li class=\"l\"> A command has been added <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/12\/app-pgchecksums.html\">pg_checksums<\/a><\/noindex>, allowing the enabling and disabling of data page checksum verification for an existing database (previously, this operation was only supported during database initialization);\n<li class=\"l\"> A progress indicator for CREATE INDEX, REINDEX, CLUSTER, VACUUM FULL, and pg_checksums operations has been provided;\n<li class=\"l\"> The command \u00ab<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/12\/tableam.html\">CREATE ACCESS METHOD<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb for connecting new table storage handlers optimized for specific tasks. Currently, the only built-in access method to tables is \u00abheap\u00bb;\n<li class=\"l\"> The configuration file recovery.conf has been merged with postgresql.conf. The transition indicators to recovery state after a failure now <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/12\/runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-ARCHIVE-RECOVERY\">you should<\/a><\/noindex> use the recovery.signal and standby.signal files.\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Source: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51604\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414 PostgreSQL 12. \u041e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e \u043d\u043e\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f 2024 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430: \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 &#171;\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u043e\u0432&#171;, \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043e\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435 (\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u043e\u0432). \u0413\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38636","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414 PostgreSQL 12.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link 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