{"id":52837,"date":"2019-11-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-11-17T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/primenenie-rpa-v-nauchnyh-i-inzhenernyh-raschetah"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:00:38","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:00:38","slug":"primenenie-rpa-v-nauchnyh-i-inzhenernyh-raschetah","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/en\/blog\/news\/primenenie-rpa-v-nauchnyh-i-inzhenernyh-raschetah","title":{"rendered":"The application of RPA in scientific and engineering calculations","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Introduction<\/h2>\n<p>\nIn school, to reinforce our knowledge, we were assigned to solve numerous similar exercises. We often wondered: what is valuable here? Substitute two or three values into a formula and get an answer. Where is the flight of thought? Reality turned out to be harsher than school.<\/p>\n<p>I currently work as an analyst in IT. Before entering the IT field, I worked as a thermal engineer, a CNC programmer, and participated in research projects. <\/p>\n<p>From my experience, I've found that engineers and scientists spend 95% of their working time on such 'similar' actions. Calculating equations, checking, recording results, copying specifications. Project after project, experiment after experiment, day after day. <br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nHere are a couple of examples from my previous job.<\/p>\n<p>Until 2019, I created layouts for thermal vacuum forming. If such a layout is covered with heated plastic, we get a product that exactly replicates the geometry of this layout. Technology description <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ammat.ru\/production\/vacuum-molding\/\">here<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>The process of creating a layout requires a whole set of specialized applications:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Autodesk Inventor for 3D modeling;<\/li>\n<li>Excel for exporting raw material dimensions;<\/li>\n<li>Excel for calculating the cost of the layout;<\/li>\n<li>HSM module for generating CNC control programs;<\/li>\n<li>File system of the computer for managing program files;<\/li>\n<li>Mach3 environment for controlling the CNC machine.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nData had to be transferred manually from environment to environment, which involved entire tables and arrays of values. The process was slow, and errors frequently occurred. <\/p>\n<p>Before this, I participated in the development and production of fiber optics (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.solargy.ru\/technologies\/solarway\/\">link<\/a><\/noindex>). There was a lot of research, design, and calculations involved: specialized environments for thermal and lighting calculations (Ansys, Dialux), plus calculations for economic efficiency, plus Autocad and Inventor for models and drawings. And here, too, the same difficulties arise: the calculation results from one application need to be transferred to another application for the next calculation. And this happens several times in search of the optimal solution.<\/p>\n<p>The time of an engineer and the time of a scientist are both very precious. This isn't just about salary. Behind an engineer's calculations is a major project with a team. Behind a scientist's research is the future of an entire industry. However, often a highly qualified specialist merely transfers data from one program to another instead of developing concepts, modeling, interpreting results, debating, and brainstorming with colleagues. <\/p>\n<p>A feature of the modern business environment is speed. The market is always pushing forward. In 2014, creating a prototype took us 2-3 weeks. By 2018, it was three days, and that already seemed too long. Now, a designer must provide several solution options in the same time that was previously allocated to just one.<\/p>\n<p>And another point\u2014investment and risk. To \u2018get a foot in the door\u2019 of a project, a company must invest around 6% of the project's cost in conceptual development before signing a contract with the client. These funds are spent on:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>research;<\/li>\n<li>conceptual design;<\/li>\n<li>effort estimation;<\/li>\n<li>preparing sketches, etc. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nThe company covers these costs from its own pocket, bearing the risk. Attention to concept development requires the time of specialists, who are often busy with routine tasks.<\/p>\n<p>After becoming acquainted with the tools used in an IT company, I became interested in which practices from business process automation could be beneficial for engineers. Business has long been using process robotics (RPA) to combat routine tasks. <\/p>\n<p>RPA vendors claim the following advantages of this automation tool:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>versatility (a robot can work with any application, with any data source);<\/li>\n<li>ease of learning (no deep knowledge of programming and administration is required);<\/li>\n<li>speed of development (less time is spent on a ready-made algorithm compared to traditional programming);<\/li>\n<li>actual relief for employees from routine operations.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\nWe will evaluate the effect of using RPA in engineering\/scientific calculations based on these criteria. <\/p>\n<h2>Example Description<\/h2>\n<p>\nWe will consider a simple example. There is a cantilever beam with a load. <br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"The application of RPA in scientific and engineering calculations\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/f197e96743e4b68413ac4f388704d4ba.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nLet\u2019s look at this task from the perspective of an engineer and from the perspective of a scientist. <\/p>\n<p>Case \"Engineer\": there is a beam anchored in the console, 2 m long. It must support a load of 500 kg with a safety factor of 3. The beam is made of a rectangular tube. We need to select the beam cross-section from the GOST catalog. <\/p>\n<p>Case \"Scientist\": to determine how the mass of the load, the cross-section, and the length of the beam affect the bearing capacity of this beam. Output the regression equation.<\/p>\n<p>In both cases, the force of gravity acts on the beam proportional to the mass of the beam.<\/p>\n<p>We will study the first case\u2014\"Engineer\"\u2014in detail. The \"Scientist\" case is implemented in a similar manner.<\/p>\n<p>Technically, our example is very simple. A subject matter expert can calculate it easily with a calculator. We aim to demonstrate how RPA solutions can assist when the task becomes large-scale. <\/p>\n<p>In simplifications, we also note: the cross-section of the tube is an ideal rectangle, with no rounded corners and no consideration for the weld seam.<\/p>\n<h2>Engineer Task<\/h2>\n<p>\nThe overall scheme of the \"Engineer\" case is as follows:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>On the Excel sheet, we have a table with the assortment of pipes according to GOST. <\/li>\n<li>For each entry in this table, we need to build a 3D model in Autodesk Inventor.<\/li>\n<li>Then in the Inventor Stress Analyses environment, we perform a strength calculation and export the result to HTML. <\/li>\n<li>In the resulting file, we find the value of \"Maximum Stress according to Mises.\"<\/li>\n<li>We stop the calculation if the safety factor (the ratio of the yield strength of the material to the maximum stress according to Mises) is less than 3. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\nWe assume that the beam with an appropriate cross-section will ensure a safety factor of 3 and will be minimal in mass among other options. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"The application of RPA in scientific and engineering calculations\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/fd606aabe1ea38e360761fd942fdc9ef.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nIn total, in our task, the specialist works with 3 applications (see scheme above). In real scenarios, the number of applications can be greater.<\/p>\n<p>GOST 8645-68 \"Steel Rectangular Pipes\" contains 300 entries. In our demo task, we will reduce the list: we will take one position from each size family. In total, 19 entries, from which we need to select one. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"The application of RPA in scientific and engineering calculations\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/c979ac07b01b3ca2982062c52f59192f.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nThe modeling environment Inventor, in which we will be building the model and doing the strength analysis, contains a library of ready materials. We will take the beam material from this library:<\/p>\n<p>Material \u2014 Steel<br \/>\nDensity 7.85 g\/cubic cm;<br \/>\nYield strength 207 MPa;<br \/>\nTensile strength 345 MPa;<br \/>\nYoung's modulus 210 GPa;<br \/>\nShear modulus 80.7692 GPa.<\/p>\n<p>This is what the 3D model of the loaded beam looks like:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"The application of RPA in scientific and engineering calculations\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/6e0a52f7557b667f4bb04869c9d14b8a.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nHere is the result of the strength calculation. The system highlights the vulnerable areas of the beam in red. These are the points where the stress is the highest. The scale on the left shows the maximum stress value in the beam material.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"The application of RPA in scientific and engineering calculations\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/12c47a3898dbf00c5e95d13da3603289.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n\u2003<\/p>\n<h2>Now let's delegate some of the work to the robot.<\/h2>\n<p>\nThe workflow is modified as follows:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"The application of RPA in scientific and engineering calculations\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/d6802a8ffa587110105a9cbbe6276fe1.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nWe will assemble the robot in the Automation Anywhere Community Edition (hereinafter AA). Let's go through the evaluation criteria and describe our subjective impressions.<\/p>\n<h3>Versatility<\/h3>\n<p>\nRPA solutions (especially commercial ones) are persistently positioned as tools for automating business processes and office workers' tasks. Examples and training courses focus on interactions with ERP, ECM, and Web. It's all very 'office-like'.<\/p>\n<p>Initially, we were doubtful whether AA could handle the interface and data of our Autodesk Inventor. But everything worked out: each element, each control was recognized and recorded. Even in the service forms with parameter tables, the robot accessed the required cell simply by pointing with the mouse. <\/p>\n<p>Next was the trial with launching the strength calculation studio. And that went smoothly as well. At this stage, it was important to carefully manage the pauses between actions, when the system waits for the calculation to complete.<\/p>\n<p>The process of obtaining the final data from the Web and inserting it into Excel went smoothly.<br \/>\nWithin this task, versatility was confirmed. Judging by the descriptions from other RPA providers, versatility is indeed a common feature of this software category.<\/p>\n<h3>Ease of learning<\/h3>\n<p>\nLearning took a few evenings: there are courses and training examples available. Many RPA providers offer free training. The only barrier is that the interface and courses in AA are available only in English. <\/p>\n<h3>Speed of development<\/h3>\n<p>\nWe developed and debugged the algorithm for the 'engineer's task' in one evening. The sequence of actions condensed into just 44 instructions. Below is a fragment of the Automation Anywhere interface with the finished robot. The Low code\/No code concept meant we didn't have to program: we used operation recorders or drag-and-drop from the command library. Then we configured parameters in the properties window. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"The application of RPA in scientific and engineering calculations\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/7e98c35c151d87b08272d1af2c1c0fd0.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <\/p>\n<h3>Relief from routine tasks<\/h3>\n<p>\nThe robot spends 1 minute and 20 seconds processing one entry. We used to spend about the same amount of time processing one entry without a robot. <\/p>\n<p>However, when it comes to dozens or hundreds of entries, a person inevitably tires and starts to get distracted. A specialist may suddenly get occupied with some other task. With a person, the ratio of \"If a task takes A minutes, then N such tasks can be completed in A*N minutes\" does not hold \u2013 it always takes more time. <\/p>\n<p>In our example, the robot will sequentially iterate through the entries, starting with the largest sections. This method is slow for large datasets. To speed things up, sequential approximations can be implemented, such as Newton's method or bisection.<br \/>\nCalculation result:<\/p>\n<p>Table 1. Result of section selection<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"The application of RPA in scientific and engineering calculations\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/6baec083923222fbd03efafaa2ca5e1e.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Researcher's task<\/h3>\n<p>\nThe researcher's task is to conduct several numerical experiments to determine the law by which the load-bearing capacity of a beam varies based on its section, length, and weight. The discovered law is formulated as a regression equation. <\/p>\n<p>For the regression equation to be accurate, the researcher must process a large dataset.<\/p>\n<p>For our example, the array of input variables is highlighted:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>height of the pipe profile;<\/li>\n<li>width;<\/li>\n<li>wall thickness;<\/li>\n<li>length of the beam;<\/li>\n<li>weight of the load.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nIf we need to calculate for at least 3 values for each variable, this totals 243 repetitions. With a duration of two minutes for each iteration, the total time will already be 8 hours \u2014 a whole working day! For a more comprehensive investigation, we should take not 3 values, but 10 or more. <\/p>\n<p>During the research, it will necessarily become clear that additional factors need to be included in the model. For example, experimenting with various grades of steel. The volume of calculations increases by tens or hundreds of times. <\/p>\n<p>In a real task, the robot can free up several days for the researcher, which the specialist can utilize to prepare publications, and this is the main measure of a researcher's activity. <\/p>\n<h2>Summary<\/h2>\n<p>\nThe engineer's \"product\" is a functioning device or structure. Robotizing the calculations will reduce risks by providing a more in-depth project development (more calculations, more modes, more variations).<\/p>\n<p>The researcher's \"product\" is an equation, a pattern, or some other compact description. The more data included in the analysis, the more accurate it becomes. An RPA solution will help to generate informational \"food\" for the models.<\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s summarize our example. <\/p>\n<p>Any model can serve as a computational model: a bridge model, an engine model, or a heating system model. The specialist is required to ensure that all components of the model interact correctly with each other and that the model provides a set of key parameters as outputs.<\/p>\n<p>Any application used by the specialist in their work serves as the computational environment. Ansys, Autocad, Solidworks, FlowVision, Dialux, PowerMill, Archicad. Or something custom-developed, like a program for selecting fans at the manufacturing plant (see the Systemair equipment selection programs). <\/p>\n<p>We consider both the website and the database, as well as an Excel sheet or a txt file, as data sources. <br \/>\nThe final output of the work\u2014a report\u2014is a Word document with automatically generated text, an Excel chart, a set of screenshots, or a distribution of emails.<\/p>\n<p>RPA is applicable wherever engineering analysis is utilized. Here are some areas:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>strength calculations and deformation;<\/li>\n<li>hydro- and gas dynamics;<\/li>\n<li>heat exchange;<\/li>\n<li>electromagnetism;<\/li>\n<li>interdisciplinary analysis;<\/li>\n<li>generative design;<\/li>\n<li>control programs for CNC (for example, nesting);<\/li>\n<li>medical and biological research;<\/li>\n<li>in calculations of feedback systems or non-stationary systems (when the final result must be returned to the input data and recalculated).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nToday, RPA solutions are actively used in business for process automation and data handling. There are many similarities in the routines of office workers, engineers, and scientists. We have shown that robots can be useful in engineering and scientific activities. <\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s summarize our impressions.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Universality\u2014yes, RPA is a universal tool.<\/li>\n<li>Ease of learning\u2014yes, it is simple and accessible, but a programming language is needed.<\/li>\n<li>Speed of development\u2014yes, the algorithm assembles quickly, especially once you get the hang of working with recorders.<\/li>\n<li>Relief from routine\u2014yes, it can indeed bring benefits on a large scale.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Source: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/directum\/blog\/475998\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0412 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u041c\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e? \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0443 \u0434\u0432\u0430-\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442. \u0413\u0434\u0435 \u0442\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0438? \u0420\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0441\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0439, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430. \u0421\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u0418\u0422. \u0414\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0418\u0422-\u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u044f \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c-\u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0427\u041f\u0423, \u043f\u043e\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0432 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0445. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-52837","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0412 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u041c\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e? \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0443 \u0434\u0432\u0430-\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/en\/blog\/news\/primenenie-rpa-v-nauchnyh-i-inzhenernyh-raschetah\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.1.1\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 RPA \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0445 | ProHoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0412\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0412 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u041c\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e? \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0443 \u0434\u0432\u0430-\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442.\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/en\/blog\/news\/primenenie-rpa-v-nauchnyh-i-inzhenernyh-raschetah\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-11-17T21:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-02-18T11:00:38+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Application of RPA in Scientific and Engineering Calculations | ProHoster","description":"Introduction: In school, to reinforce knowledge, we were given numerous similar examples to solve. 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