{"id":53324,"date":"2019-11-29T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-11-28T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/vypusk-bubblewrap-0-4-0-proslojki-dlya-sozdaniya-izolirovannyh-okruzhenij"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:01:13","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:01:13","slug":"vypusk-bubblewrap-0-4-0-proslojki-dlya-sozdaniya-izolirovannyh-okruzhenij","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/en\/blog\/news\/vypusk-bubblewrap-0-4-0-proslojki-dlya-sozdaniya-izolirovannyh-okruzhenij","title":{"rendered":"Release Bubblewrap 0.4.0, a layer for creating isolated environments","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Available<\/a><\/noindex> new release of the toolkit Bubblewrap 0.4.0<\/a><\/noindex>, designed for organizing the work of isolated environments in Linux and operating at the application level of non-privileged users. In practice, Bubblewrap is used by the Flatpak project as a layer for isolating applications run from packages. The project code is written in C and is distributed<\/a><\/noindex> is licensed under LGPLv2+.<\/p>\n

Isolation employs traditional Linux container virtualization technologies, based on the use of cgroups, namespaces, Seccomp, and SELinux. To perform privileged operations for container setup, Bubblewrap runs with root privileges (the executable file has the suid flag) and subsequently drops those privileges after container initialization. <\/p>\n

User namespace activation in the user ID namespace system allows containers to use their own separate set of identifiers. This is not required for operation since it does not work by default in many distributions. Bubblewrap is positioned as a limited suid implementation of a subset of user namespace capabilities. To exclude all user and process identifiers from the environment except for the current one, the CLONE_NEWUSER and CLONE_NEWPID modes are used. For additional protection, executables running under
\n Bubblewrap are launched in PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS mode, preventing the acquisition of new privileges, for instance, when a setuid flag is present. <\/p>\n

Isolation at the filesystem level is achieved by creating a new mount namespace by default, in which an empty root partition is created using tmpfs. If necessary, external filesystem partitions are attached to this partition in 'mount --bind' mode (for example, when starting with the option 'bwrap --ro-bind \/usr \/usr', the \/usr partition is passed from the main system in read-only mode). Network capabilities are restricted to access to the loopback interface with network stack isolation through the CLONE_NEWNET and CLONE_NEWUTS flags.<\/p>\n

The key difference from a similar project Firejail<\/a><\/noindex>, which also uses a launch model with setuid, is that in Bubblewrap the layer for creating containers includes only the necessary minimum of capabilities, while all extended functions required for running graphical applications, interacting with the desktop, and filtering requests to Pulseaudio are outsourced to Flatpak and executed after privilege drop. Firejail, on the other hand, combines all accompanying functions in one executable file, which complicates its auditing and maintaining security at the required level.<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

The new release is notable for implementing support for joining existing user namespace and PID namespace. To manage the connection of namespaces, the flags \u2018--userns\u2019, \u2018--userns2\u2019, and \u2018--pidns\u2019 have been added.
\nThis feature does not work in setuid mode and requires the use of a separate mode that can operate without root privileges but requires activation of
\nuser namespaces in the system (disabled by default in Debian and RHEL\/CentOS) and does not eliminate the possibility of exploitation<\/a><\/noindex> potentially<\/a><\/noindex> remaining<\/a><\/noindex> vulnerabilities<\/a><\/noindex> for the user namespace restrictions. Among the new features of Bubblewrap 0.4 is the ability to build with the musl C library instead of glibc, and support for saving namespace information to a JSON-formatted statistics file.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Source: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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