{"id":53866,"date":"2019-12-12T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-11T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/plundervolt-novyj-metod-ataki-na-protsessory-intel-zatragivayushhij-tehnologiyu-sgx"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:01:48","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:01:48","slug":"plundervolt-novyj-metod-ataki-na-protsessory-intel-zatragivayushhij-tehnologiyu-sgx","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/en\/blog\/news\/plundervolt-novyj-metod-ataki-na-protsessory-intel-zatragivayushhij-tehnologiyu-sgx","title":{"rendered":"Plundervolt \u2014 a new attack method targeting Intel processors, affecting SGX technology.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Intel Corporation released<\/a><\/noindex> the microcode update that eliminates vulnerability<\/a><\/noindex> (CVE-2019-14607), allows<\/a><\/noindex> initiating corruption of the content of memory cells holding data through manipulation of the dynamic voltage and frequency scaling mechanism in the CPU, including in areas used for calculations in Intel SGX isolated enclaves. The attack has been named Plundervolt and potentially allows a local user to escalate privileges in the system, cause denial of service, and gain access to confidential data.<\/p>\n

The attack poses a threat only in the context of manipulating computations in SGX enclaves, as it requires root privileges in the system to execute. In its simplest case, an attacker can distort the information processed within the enclave, but in more complex scenarios, there is a possibility of reconstructing the confidential keys stored in the enclave, which are used for encryption with RSA-CRT and AES-NI algorithms. This technique can also be used to generate errors in originally correct algorithms to provoke vulnerabilities in memory handling, such as inducing access to areas beyond the allocated buffer.
\nPrototype code for executing the attack has been published<\/a><\/noindex> on GitHub<\/p>\n

The essence of the method lies in creating conditions for unforeseen data corruption during computations in SGX, which encryption and memory authentication in the enclave do not protect against. It has been found that standard software interfaces for managing frequency and voltage, usually employed to reduce power consumption during system idle time and to activate maximum performance during intensive tasks, can be used to induce distortions. The characteristics of frequency and voltage affect the entire chip, including computations performed in the isolated enclave. <\/p>\n

By altering the voltage, it is possible to create conditions under which the charge is insufficient for regenerating a memory cell inside the CPU, causing its value to change. A key difference from the attack RowHammer<\/a><\/noindex> is what RowHammer allows changing the contents of individual bits in DRAM memory by cyclically reading data from neighboring cells, while Plundervolt enables changing bits within the CPU when data is already loaded from memory for computations. This feature allows bypassing the integrity control and data encryption mechanisms applied in SGX, as values in memory remain correct but can be distorted during operations with them before the result is written back to memory.<\/p>\n

If this modified value is used in the multiplication process during encryption, the output yields incorrect ciphertext. By being able to call the handler in SGX for encrypting its data, an attacker can, by invoking faults, accumulate statistics on the changes in the ciphertext output and, within minutes, reconstruct the value of the key stored in the enclave. The plaintext at input and the correct ciphertext at output are known, the key remains unchanged, and the output of incorrect ciphertext indicates that some bit has been flipped to the opposite value. <\/p>\n

By analyzing the accumulated pairs of correct and distorted ciphertexts from different faults using differential fault analysis methods (DFA, Differential Fault Analysis<\/a><\/noindex>) it is possible to predict<\/a><\/noindex> the likely keys used for AES symmetric encryption, and then, by analyzing key intersections in different sets, determine the sought key.<\/p>\n

\r\n \"Play\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n

Various models of Intel processors are susceptible, including Intel Core CPUs from the 6th
\n to the 10th generation, as well as the fifth and sixth generation Xeon E3, the first and second generation Intel Xeon Scalable, Xeon D,
\nXeon W, and Xeon E.<\/p>\n

It is worth noting that SGX technology (Software Guard Extensions<\/a><\/noindex>) appeared in Intel Core processors of the sixth generation (Skylake) and offers<\/a><\/noindex> a series of instructions that allow user-level applications to allocate secure areas of memory \u2014 enclaves, the contents of which cannot be read or modified even by the kernel and code running in ring0, SMM, and VMM modes. Control cannot be transferred to code in the enclave using traditional jump functions and manipulation of registers and the stack \u2014 a specially created new instruction is used to transfer control to the enclave, which performs an authority check. Meanwhile, code placed in the enclave can use classic calling methods to invoke functions within the enclave and a special instruction to call external functions. To protect against hardware attacks, such as connecting to a DRAM module, enclave memory encryption is applied.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Source: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Intel \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c (CVE-2019-14607), \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0432 CPU \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c 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\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044e \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435, \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53866","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Plundervolt \u2014 a new attack method on Intel processors 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